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7

1962

Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека www.booksite.ru

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B npeACTosiuiiHft AflaAUaTHneTHinft inepHOA Bce orpacnn aBTOMO- ÖHnbHoft inipoMbiiuneHHOCTH n on yn aT CBoe A anbH eftm ee pa3ßiHTHe. Sna 'iH Tenbho pacuiHpHTca xan aiK h xoniHriecTBeHho yßeniHHHTCH BbinycK H3AenHft n o opaiBHeHHio c 1960 r.

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ü o HMeioiuHMCH npeAßapHTenbHbiM AaHHUM, b KOHue yKa3aHHo- ro nepn oA a BbinycK aBTOMOÖHneft Bcex THnoB yßenHHHBaeTCH non- •

M 7, 1962 r. ÄBTOMoSHJlbHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 3

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1961 r. 1965 r.

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r p y 3 0 B b ie aBTOMoÖHJi B b ico K o fl n p o x o -AHMOCTH ........................................................................... 6 12 13 14

J le rK O B u e aB TO M O Ö H A H ...................................... 6 8 6 13A ß T o ö y c b i ................................................................. 4 1 8 6

H io r o aBTOMOÖH^en . . • 27 68 42 123

T l p m i e n b i ...................................... .... ....................... 21 51r i o j i y n p H u e n u ........................................................ 22 58

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K HHcjiy ooymecTBJieHHbix MeponpnuTHH b s to h oöjiacTH Heoö- xoahimo OTHecTH CAeayK )uiHe.

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TeAeft ÄAH AenKOBbllX aBTOMOÖHAeft. OOBOeHHe Ha MOTOpHOM 3a- BOAe BbinycKa oKanaAa BocbMH-, a 3aTeM h uiecTHUHAHHApoßbix V-oöpa3Hbix ÄBHraTeÄeft i io 3 b o a h t nocTeneHHO yMeHbmHTb Ha rOpbKOBCKOM aBTOaaiBOAe OÖbeM npOH3BOÄCT®a meCTHUHAHHApO- Bbix ÄBHraTeÄeft a a h npy30Bbix aBTOMOÖHAeft, a ib xiepnoa 1966— 1970 rr. noAHocTbio npexpaTHTb ero.

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XleftcTBiyicmHe aBT03aiB0Abi H eH 3öe*H o coxpaHHioTCH « a x x o m ti- AeXOHbie C 3aPOTOBHTeAbtHbIMH, OÖpaÖaTblBaiOmHMH H CÖOpOH'HbIMH uexaiMH. OA 'Haxo nocTeneH H oe yBejiiHHenne h x m o iiih o c t h CAeayeT oixH AaTb He 3a cneT pacrnnpeH nn h CTpoHTeAbCTBa h o b m x npoH3- BOACTBeHHblX inAOlIiaAeft, XOTOpOe B03MO>XHO ß MIHHHMaAbHblX pa3 - M epax, a 3a on er 3aiMehbi HMeiom erocH oöopyAOBaHHH h o b m m , 6 o - Aee np0H3B0AHTeAbHbIM, BbIHOCa HipOH3BOÄCTB3 OTAeAbHblX aBTOMOÖHAbHblX AeTaaeft h y3A0B, b o c h o b h o m yHH(J)HiiHpoBaHHbix h M accoBbix, — Ha cneuHaAH3HpOBaHHbie aaBOAbi o rp a c a H ih n e p e a a - HH 'Ha A pyrH e 3aiBOAbI H3aeJIHft, He OTHOCHUIHXCH K aßTOMOÖHAbHO- My n p o h 3b o ä c t b y . C ö o p x y nacTH aiBTOMO'ÖHAeft H3 yaaoB , « 3 r o - TOBAHeMbrx ha 9Tnx aaiBoaax, n eaecoo6pa3H o inepeaaTb aiaTOMO- ÖHAbHO-CÖOpOHHbl'M 33iBOAaM.

H oß b ie aBT03aiBOAbi a o a h ih u C03aaB3TbCH b c o c ra ß e npeccoBO - xy30BHbix, MexaiHO-oöopom ibix h cöopoMHbix u exoB . B b inycxaeM bie TaxHMH 3aiBOAaMH aeTaAH h y3A ij öiyayT npeAHa3HaHaTbCH a a h cöopxH aBTOMOÖHAeft Ha MecTe, a Tax>xe a a h nocTaiBXH hx aBTO- MOÖHAbHO-iOÖOpOHHblM 3aBOAaM .

ZIa h HaHÖoaee M accoBbix t h h o b rpy30B bix h .nerxoBbix aBTOMOÖHAeft HeOÖXOAHMO C03AaTb pa3BeTBAeHh'yiO CeTb aBTOMOÖHAbHO- cöopoqH bix 33BOAOB a a n ö o a e e h a h w eH ee n o jiH o ro oöecneneHHH noTpeÖHOcra b aßTOMOöHAHx, inpHAeraxAiiHX x s t o m 3 aß oaaM pa ii- o h o b . K po M e Toro, na aBTOMOÖHAbHO-cöopoHHbix 3 a ß o a a x u eaeco - oöpaaH o ipa3B(HBaTb b OTaeabH bix lie x a x opoH aBoacriBo oneiiHaAH- 3HpOBaHHbIX Xy3OB0B AAH inepeB03KH pa3AH'fhbIX rpy30B, XOTOpbie ö y a y T ycTamaiBAHBaTbCH n a m accn aBTOMOÖHAeii coöcTBeHHofi CÖOpKH.

PaßBHTHe cöopoHHbix 3aßOAOB H aHÖoaee n o an o cooTBeTCTayeT HHTepecaM H apoaH oro xo3HÜCTBa, 3HaHHTeabHo OHHixaeT c tohm octh nepeB03KH roTOBbix aBTOMOÖHAeft, oT B en aer TpeöoBahHHM h oöm eft TeHaeiiuHH, npHHHToft b Texym öM n nepcnexTHBHOM TH naixe aB- TOMOÖHaeft. C o raacH O 3TOMy T H naixy xoAHHecTBO öopTOBbix r p a n c - nopTiibix aBTOMOÖHAeft öyaeT coxpam aTbCH , a h h cao aBTOMOö'Haeft CO OneilHaAbHblMH Xy30B3MH pa3AHHHOrO Ha3Ha'ieiIHH, B COOTBeT- ctibhh c pacTym eft xyabTypoft nepaB030K h MexaiiH3auHeft n o rp y - 30Hho-pa'3rpy3om ibix p aö o T , — HenpepbiBHo h ö u c T p o yßeaim H - BaTbCH.

npoH3BOACTiBo aBTOMOÖHAbHblX arperaTO B : ÄBH raTeaeft, x o p o - ö o x nepeMeHbi n e p e a an , x a p a a m ib ix BaaoB , 3 aA «H x m octob , peccop h ap ., no Mepe yBeaHnenHH Bbinycxa aBTOMOÖHAbnoft iipoayxnH H , a T ax ixe aBTOMOÖHAeft, BbinycxaeM bix apynHMH oTpacaHM ii, b x o - T o p u x npHm6HhK>Tch mepeHHCAeiiHbie a rperaT b i, a o a ä h o öbiTb uen - TpaaH 3obah o h cocpeaoTO H eho Ha cneiiHaAH3HpoBaHHbix 3aiBoaax c 3aPOTOBTITeAbHbIM'H HAH Öe3 3arOTOB«TeAbHbIX U.6XOB B HX COCTa- Be. Oöt>0m npoH 3BoacTBa Ha 3 th x 3 aB o a ax AOA>xeH ycTanaßAH - BaTbCH c yneTOM nocraBXH arperaTO B Ha BHyTp'HOTpacAeByio h MOXOTipaCACByiO X OMHA eXT a u H IO aBTOMOÖHAbHblX, aBTOMOÖHAbHO- cöoponH bix h A pyrH x 3aBoaoiB, a Tax>xe b 3amaoHbie nacTH.

H3AO>KeHHOe nOAhOCTblO OTIIOQHTCH X OpOH3IBOA'CTBy MaCCOBblX h öbiCTpoH 3«am H BaeM bix aeTaaeft, b ocoöem iocTH x aeT aan M h y3- aaM , HAyiHH'M b 3ainacHbie n acru , H3roTOBAeii«e xoTopbi/x a o He- AaiBHero BpeM enn ocyuiecrBAHAOCb, b o c iio b o m , a b t o m o ö h a b h biMH 3aBoaaM H. K npon3BoacTBy 3anaoH bix nacTeii b 1960 r. öb iao npH-BAeneno ö o aee 230 3aiBoaoB, b t o m n ncae o x o a o 120 3aß oaoB b a p y rn x onpacAH x m a m h irocTpoeHh h . H a a o a io oneiiHaaH3Hpo- BaHiHbix 3aßoaoB , Bbm ycxaBm iHx 3ainacHbie nacTH, b 1960 r. npH- xoAH Aoeb neM Horo ö o a b o ie 20% o ö m e ro h x npoH3iB0ACTBa. n p n - M epno CTOAbxo * e 3anaoHbix naCTeft BbimycTHAH yxa3a-HHbie Bbime npHBAeneniibie 3aBOAbi paßiibix OTpacaeft n a p o a H o ro xo3HftcTBa npn OTKOCHTeabHo Heöoabm 'Hx Bb inycxax . Ä a h npoH3iBoacTBa 3anacHbix nacreft Ha m pHBAexaeMbix 3aiBoaax HonoAb3yeTCH yHH- BepcaabH oe oöopyaoBaiHHe « 3aroTOßXH c öoAbmMMH npwnycxaM H Ha o ö p aö o T x y , h t o h p h b o a h t x Bbicoxoft ceöecroHMOCTH 3a,nacHbix nacTeft npn h h 3x o m h x x an ecrB e .

riosTO M y paßBHTHe h cneiiHaAH3aiiHH npOHBBOACTBa aeT aae ft h y3AOB, y>iHTbiiBaH e ro M acm T aöu , rpeöyiO T c o 3A3 hh h 3aHOBO o t - pacAH npoMbrrnaeHHOCTiH a a h M accoB oro HaroTOBaeHHH a e ra a e ft h y3AOB Ha KOMnaexTaiiHio h b 3ainaohbie nacTH. npeacTaiBAH ercH HeoöxoAHMbiM b öAHHoftmiHe roAbi aoBecTH npoH3'BOAiCTBO aeT aae ft h y3AOB n a oneiiHaairaHpaBaHH bix 3 aB o a ax npnMepHO a o 80%. Cßbim e 40% n poayxu H H yxa3aH Hbix 3aiBoaoB a o a ix h u cocTaßAHTb nocTaBRH n a O T pacaeB yx ) iXOMnaexTaiiHK).

BecbM a CymeCTBeHHblM B pa3BHTHH aBTOMOÖHAbHOH npOMbim - AeHHocTH h b ah c tch pa3Mem eHHe a c ex hOBbix 33BOAOB b npoM bim - aeHHbix paftoH ax Ha ö a s e o ö ih h x a a h T a x o ro paftoH a HHixeHepHbix ceTeft h ciHcreM sa e x T p o -, re n a o -, n ap o -, B03® yxo- ft BoaöO H aö- >xeHHH h xanaAHJiauHH, a T ax jx e o O b e a hheh'Hbix aBTOTpaHönopT- HbllX, >KeAe3HOAOpO>KHbIX H APyrHX X03HÜCTIB. TaXHM 0Öpa3OM, öy-

4 AßTOMOÖHJlbHaH npOMblUIJieHHOCTb M 7, 1962 r.

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O e o ö o e MecTO b pa3BHT«H h oneii,HaÄH3au«H asTOMOöiiAbHoft npOMHIHJieHHOCTH 3aih'BMaeT npOH3IBOACT1BO aßTOMOÖHAbllblX II TrpaiKTopHbix npnuenoiB.

/ Io H acT oam ero BpeMeHH rpy30Bbie aßTOMoöHABHbie nepeB03«H He M onyr em e KOHmyipHpoBaTb no ctom m octh c nepaB03KaMH no >nejie3H0H A o p o re . O a h o h « 3 ihph toh 3Toro HBJiaeTca HeAOCTaTO«- Haa ooH am eH hocTb aß t o m oö h a bi i h ,x rpy3anepeB03OK « b ochobhom M ajioe kojthhecTBO aiBTOinoesÄOB, peaiKO noabm iaiom iHx 3<JxJ)eiKTHB- HOCTb 3THX n epeB 0 30 «.

B H a c ro am e e BpeM a o p o h 3bo äc t ibo m npHuanoB h nojiynpHueno-B pa3jiHHiioro na3HaaeHHa 3aH aTo öon ee copoK a 3aBOAOB, oAnaKo 7 5 % H3 h h x BbinyoKaioT npnuenbi tie jw uM K cepHHMH. T a « , no a b h - h u m 3a 1959 r., 33 3aBOAa BunycTH jm okojio 6,5 Tbic. pa3JiHHHbix npHitemoB.

OoKOBHbi'M HanpaiBJieHHeM b cneuiHaAH3auHH nponaBOftCTBa npii- uenaB HBJiaeTca ocymecnBJieHHe yrnnjuHKauHH aBTOMOÖHjibHbix h TpaKTopHbnx n pn u en o B Mencay coöoft, y h h (J>h k a u h h A eT aaefl h y3- a o b npH uanoB b n p e u en a x KaacAoft h x rpynnbi (pa3AHHHbix no OBoeMy Ha3H.aiqeHHio h jio rpy3onoAT>eM HocTH).

y>Ke b önrnKaftuiMe t o a h HeoöxoAWMO ocym ecTBHTb AeTaAbnyio cneu,Haa'H3aHHio inipoHaBOACTßa p a u a AeTaaeft h y3AOß (MaocoBoro npHMeHÖH'HH, KOTOpbie ÄOAJKHbl ÖbiTb yWHtjWlUHpOBaHbl. K «H M OT- HOCaTCH n0l3Op0THbie K pyrH aBTOMOÖHAbHblX « TpaKTOpHblX AByx- o c h h x npn uen oB , o c h , CTymmbi, TopM oaH aa h rHApaBJiHaecKaa an - n a p a T y p a , «OA'beM Ho-caM acB .aAbHbie M exa«u3M bi h up . Ä jih 3Toro H ejiecooöpasH O Ha pn u e 3aiBOAOiB, BbtnyoKaioiuiHix npuuanbi, o p ra - Hit30iBaTb aneuHajiH3HpoiBaih'Hbie u e x « a a h o ö ecn e «eH «H c o ö c t b o h - Hofl n oT peöH ocrH h nocTaiBKn TiepeaH caem ibix AeTaaeft h y3Aoa Ha KOMinaeKTauiHio A p y n iM 3aBOAaM.

B KOHCTipyKHMax n pn u en o B npeACTaiBAaeTca coB epm enno iieoö - xOAHMbiM yHH^'HUHpoBaTb TapM 03Hyio a n n a p aT y p y h noAT>eMHbie M6XaiHIH3MbI C COOT®eTCTByK>m«IMM y3A3MH aBTOMOÖHACH H aBTOMOÖHAbHblX caMOOBaAOB, h t o no3BOAHT opraHH30BaTb KpyinHoe cne- U'HaAH3IipOlBaiHHOe npOH3BOÄCTBO 3THX y3A0(B ÄAH aBT033B0A0B II aaBOÄOB, BunyciKaiominx npnueinbi.

OcymecTBAemie b önHaoftm ue ro a u npeAiMeTiioft n AeraAbiioft cneu,HaAH3au,HH b npoiOBOACTBe npnuenoiB hooboaht yMeHbuiHTb KOJlHHeCTIBO 33BOAOB, 33HHTbIX MX BbHiyCKOM, 3113H'HTeAbHO yßeAlI- HHTb CepHHHOCTb BbinyCKa Ha K3JKAOM 3aBOAe 'II B IieiCKOAbKO pa3 nOBbPCHTb npOH3(BOAHTeAbaiOCTb Tpyma.

O e o ö o e 3HaHeh’He a a h uaA bH eftm ero yfleAiiMeiniiH Bbnnycxa anTo- MOÖHAbHOH npOAyKHHIH HMeeT npOH3BOÄCTBO AHTbH BCex BH A »B H noKOBOK h HeoöxoAW M oe paaBHTHe AirreftHbix h KyaHeutibix u e x o s B COOTIBeTCTBHH C npHBHHinOM TeXHOAOrHHeOKOH OneHHaAH3aHHH.

IloTpeÖHOCTb aiBTOMOÖHAbHOrO npOH3BOACTIBa B AHTbe, BKAIOHaa jiM Tbe a a h sam aoH bix « a e re f i , c yueTOM neponeKTHBiibix n opM hx p a c x o A a , yKaaaiHa b t b ö a . 5.

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0" s s =X x <u * 3 u ^ 0x Iß (O

1960 1965

* C e p u f t M y r y H .......................................... 320 600 187 45,6Kobkhü MyryH .......................................... 280 400 143 30,4C iaÄ bH oe ......................... 35 150 430 11,4LUe-rHoe H3 JierKHX cnâBOB . . . . 45 105 234 8,0U ß eT H O e H3 TBJKeAHX cnâBOB . . . — 60 4,6

H io r o .............................. 680 1315 193 100,0

K ax b h a h o H3 TaÖA. 5, noT peöh oeT b ib AHTbe b paocM aTpHBae- moim nepHOiAe yBeAHHHiBaeTca c 680 Tbic. t b 1960 r. a o 1315 t h c . t b 1965 r., h ah b 2 pa3a. OcoöeHHO pe3K0 yßeAHHHBaeTca n oTpeö- IJOCTb 'B A'HTbe H3 HBeTHblX CH ABU OB — nOHTH B 4 p a »a nO cpaBHeHHio C HCXOA'HblM IX>AÖM.

Ä eftcT uyiom H e AHTeftHwe n,exn aiBTOMOfiHAbHbix 3 aB oaoB y ® e h b äh io tch oneniHaAH3HpoiBaiHHMMH h oöeaneHHBaioT hx coöcTBeH- Hbie nOTpeÖHOCTIH B AHTbe nOAIh’OCTblO no IBCeft, AOCTaTO'HHO 0 6 - mHipHOii HOMCHKAaType OTAHBOK, KOTOpaa 3'HaHHTeAbHO yBeAHHH- BaeTca 3a caeT inocTaiao« a h th h AipyrnM 3 a«O A aM onpacAH.

yrayÖ A eH H e cnen'HaaH3aiunh AeftcriByiom Hx AHTeftHbi« uexoB AO Ajkho CHaHaAa oöeonenHTb yMeiHbrneiime HOMeHKAaTypbi 11 AOße- AeHHe ee a o imuhihmaa b ho ro KOAHaecTBa OAHopoA'Hbix n o TexnoAO- rm ecKoiM y npofteccy o ta h b o k . ä a h 3Toro HeoöxoAHMO BbinecTii H3 3TH.X nexoB H3roTOBAeiine nopumeBbiix KOAen, rHAb3, nopuiHeft, OTAHBOK a a h 3anaOHbIIX MaCTeft K CHflTblM C n:p'O.H3BOACTlia 3BT0-

MO/ÖIIAHM H aAIOMIIHIIOBOrO AUITbH M He S arpy A O T b IIX H3rOTOBAeHH- CIM OTAHBOK, 0TAHH310mHlXCH HO TeXHOAOrilHecKomy n po u eccy OT OCHOBHOH HOMeHKAaTypbi.

M t o KacaencH oöecneîehHH Boapacraiomeft HOTpeÖHOCTH b AHTbe, b CBH3H c yBenimeHwaM BbinyoKa a b t o m oÖHAbnoft npoAyK'HHH, to a a h 3Toro HeoöxoAMMo:

1. nocrpoHTb HOBbie cnei;!HaAiM3HpoBaiHiHbie paftoHHbie AHTeftHbie 3aB0Abi, a TaK»(e AHTeftHbie uexn HepiHbix MeTaAAOB Ha aneu.HaAH- 3HpaBaHHbix 3aiBOA,ax-'.noTpeÖHTeAH.x, KOTopbie öyAyr OHaöxaTb AHTbeiM 3aB0Abi HipHuenoB, aBTOMOÖHAbhbie, aoToöyoHbie, arperaT- Hbie h Apyrne aaBOAbi onpacAH.

2. CoopyiK eH H e h o b m x 3ae0A0B h a h u exo B n o uBeTHOMy AHTbio ocym ecTBAHTb w a 3aBO Aax iBTopuHHoft nepepaöoTiKH uBeTHbix Me- T3AAOB HAH pHAOM C iHMMH. U,eAb TaiKOTO pa3MeiUeHHH mpOH3BOÄ- CTBa uBeTHoro AHTbH 3aKAK>HaencH b HOAyaeHHH c MeTaAjryprH ae- cK oro u ex a ynoM H H yToro 3aBOAa jkhaikoto MeTaAAa ä a h i;exa U B erH oro AHTbH. B A a ro A ap H 3T0My AOCTHraeTCH 3HaHHTeAbHan sKOhoMHH 3A€KTpo3HepnHH Ha paonAaBAeHHe MeTaAAa b u ex e U,BeT- ho to AHTbH, 3KOHOMHH MeTBAAa 3a caeT yMeHbuieHHH yrapa, a TaK- >Ke CHH/KaiOTCH KanHTaAbHbie 3arpaT bi Ha CTponTeAbCTBo CKJiaAa mwxTQBbix « ApynHX MaTepnaAOB h nAaBiHAbHoro OTAeAeHHH c co- GT&eTCTByiOmHlM oöopyAOiBaHHeM.

T a C j i m i 6

BbtnyCK AHTbH no OTAeJieHHHM tfiop- MOBKH, 33AHBKH, BblÖHBKH, H HO 3eM-jienpHrOTOBHTeAbHOMy b rn na 1 roa

JlHTGHllbie lieXH m s g 0 ^ 0 M V ß« B Sa u n gj »S ®

| s §

>> x m ca

w i s x u ® %aj O ** n « 0,0 BSSfflo « 2H W S fi o ja =? _ u =? « S m x x oX u =1 X

» *

s h ?o s go ■=; ” S Ä cn o P oH Hffl 2 ®« I n

Ha 1 m2 nAomaAH...................................Ha OAHOro onepaTopa ..........................

20-252500-3000

13-18 1500—2000

40-5040

no npeABapiiTeAbiibiM pacneTaM , c t o h m o c t h a iit b h b t q k o m ne- xe CHH3HTCH na 18%. nepBbift nQAoöHbift n ex UBeTHoro AHTbH npe- AyciMOTpeH h b öAH>Kaftuiee BpeMH iiaHHeT coopyiKaTbcsi ma M u e n - c k o m saBO Ae BTopinnibix n ßern b ix MeTaAAOB, KOTopbift öyA eT no CTaBAHTb a.nioMiiHineBoe AHTbe ÄpocAaBCKoiMy iMOTopnoMiy aaBOAy, BAaÄHMinpcKOMy npaKTopHOMy h Ä®yM M o c k o b c k h m aBT03aBOAaM.

3. ÄHTeftHbie uexH, H3roTOBAHK>mHe TaKHe MaocoBbie AeTaAH, KaK eapHiHeiBbie KOAbua, nopm HH, rHAb3bi n AP-, pa3M em aTb Ha co- oTBercTiByioiniHX oneHHaAH3HpoBaH‘Hbix 3aiBOAaix. TaK , HanpHMep, C nepeXOAOM Ha HOBbie KOHCTpyKUHH aBTOMOÖHAbhblX ABHraTeAeü C BepXHHMH KAaeanaiMH H BCTaiBHbllMH MOKpbl'MH rHAb33lMH inOTpeÖ- HOCTb B 3THX AeTaAHX MOTOpHOTO npOH3'BOÄCTlBa TOpbKOBCKOTO aB- TosaiBOAa, MooKOBCKoro aßT03aiB0Aa hmshh ÄH ixaneBa, 3aiBOA>K- cko to h H p ocA aßaK oro 3aiB0A®B y * e b 1965 r. c o c t 3b h t , c yneTOM 3anacH bix Hacreft, öcwiee 21 m ah. iu t. oöm HM BecoM o k o a o 84 t h c . t . M acm iTaöbi T an oro npoH3BOWCTBa h e ro opran ii3anH H c to h k h 3peHHH cneu,MaAH3ai;HH TpeöyiOT co3ä3ihhh » ä h o t o « a h A a - >ne AByix oneuHaAH3HpOBanh’bix 3aBOA0iB c AHTeftHMM h MexaHHHe- ckhm uexaM H . n o npeAßapHTeAbHbiM pacneTaM npoH3BOAHTeAb- iiocTb TpyAa h BbinycK AHTbH Ha TaxoM cneuHaAH3HpoBaeHOM s a BOAe n p n BbtnyoKe Tpex-neTbipex THnopaiiM epoB rnAb3 ö y A y r 3Ha- HHTeAbiHo Bbime, neM, HainpHiMep, b AHTeftHOM u e x e M accoB oro n po - H3BOACTiBa, BbinycKaiom eM ä o 60 HaiHiMeHOBaeHft o t a h b o k n p « pa3- Bece hx ä o 30 Ka. BeAHHHHbi n0Ka3aTeAeft, npHBeAeHHbix b t aÖA. 6 , anpeAeAehbi a a h yKaaaHHbix Bbirne u exo B n o OTAeAeHHHM <})op- MOBKH, 3BAHBKH, BMÖHBMH H nO 3eMAenp«rOTOBHTeAbHOMy OTAeAe- HHK).

HecMOTpn Ha TexHH«ecKyio h SKOHOMHuecicyio u eA ecoo öpa3 - HOCTb, TBKne 3aB0Abi noKa He coopyataioTCH , a n p o h b b o a c t b o THAb3 C03AaeTCH Ha AeÜCTByiOmHX aBTOMOÖHAbHMX H MOTOpHblX aaBOAax, b nacTHo c t h , Ha fopuKOBCKOM aBT03aBOAe, M o c k o b ck o m aBT03aB0Ae HMeHH Ä H x a n e B a n pn cooTBeTCTBeHHOM p acm n - pöhlHH AHTeftHblX peXOIB.

IÄHpoiKoe paaBHTHe no jiyqaT on e ii«aA bH bie MeTOAbi AHTbH: no BbEnAaBAHÖMbllM MOAeAHM, HOA AaBAeHlHÖM, B KOKHAb, B OÖOAOM- KOBbie (})OpMbI, B JieCMaHble (jlOpMbl C BbICOKHM yAeAbHblM ÄB'BAeilll- («M.

Ky3Hewiibie p exn OTpacnn, no AaHiibiM 3a 1958 r., BwnycTHAH 385,0 Tbic. T «OKOBOK, iB TOM HHCAC 367,0 TbIC. T, HAH 95% , B Ky3- iienHbix u e x a x 3 b to 3 aiBOAOB. H 3 y iK a3a»H oro KOAnnecTßa KyaneH- ubie u ex n ropbKOBCKoro aBT03aiBoaa h M o cK o scK o ro aBTO3arB0Aa HMeiiH Ä H x an eB a Bbinycm AH noHTH 70% noKOBOK.

Jft 7, 1962 r. ABTOM OÖHJlbHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 5

K HeÄOcraTKa'M b opraHH3aiiMH irpoH3BOÄCTBa b s t h x u e x a x o t - h och tch BecbM'a öoÄ biuaH HOiMeHKJiaTypa BbtnyciKaeMbix noKOBOK. T a x , n o ÄaeHbiiM 3a t o t » e ro/i TopbKOBCKHft aBT03aiB0Ä Bbinyc- Kaji 670, a M o o k o b o k h h aBT033iB0Ä hm ohh J lH xaueBa 823 HaHMeno- BaiH-H'H o o k o b o k , h to rapHBOfliHJio k HacTbiM nepeHaÄ.aiÄKaM o ö o p y - ÄOBaH'HH H K CHHJKOII'HIO HX KaHÖCTBa.

OoHOBHbiM HanpaiBJieHHeM b cmeuHaÄH3auMH Ky3Heuworo npo- H3BOÄCTBa OTpacjm h b ä h c tc h : cyjKeime HOiMeH'KJiaTypfci urraMnye- MbllX IIOKOBOK B AeHCTB'yiOlHlIX Ky3HeHiHbIX HCXaX, Koiopoe B03- m ojkho ocymecTBHTb y * e b TeiKymeft ceMHjieTKe; crpoHTejibCTso BbICOKOOneiIMaJIH3MpO'BaHHbBX KySheHHblX U6X0B C Orp 3'H HH ©H H 0 ft HOMBHKJiaTypoft nOKOBO« MOUIHOCTblO ÄO 25— 50 TbIC. T; CTpOH- TGÄbCTBO paHOHiHblX Ky3H9HHbIX U,eXOB MOlUHOCTblO 100— 200 TbIC. T noKOBOK b roÄ. LI,eÄecoo6pa3Ho paccMOTpeTb s t o t npouecc pa3BH- THH Ky3'HSHHOrO np0!H3B0lÄCTBa, KOTOipblfi OXIßaTblBaeT Texymyio ce- MHJieTioy h xaipaKTapH3yeTCH coaÄawneM b s t o t nepHOÄ Tpex tio- Bbitx KyaneHHbix uexoB Ha rpoÄ'neHCKOM 3aiBOÄe 3anaoHbiix uacTeft, ypanbCKOM KyaHeuHO-mpeccoiBOM 3aBOÄe h ua CepÄOÖOKO'M MauiH- HOCTpOHTeÄbHOM 3aiBOÄe. OpOHIUHÜCH Ky3'HeHHbIH uex rpOÄI'.CH- OKoro 3aBOÄa 3aeacHbix naereft hiBähctch oähwm H3 nepßbix yaKO- anenHaÄHsnpoBaiHHbix u ex o « cpeÄ«eft m oiiihocth .

ü o npoeK T y s t o t u e x npe®Ha3HauaeTCH ä ä h opöH3BOAcnBa n o- KOBOK pa3JIHHHblX a BTOMOÖHÄbbblX KapÄa'HHblX BajIOB. O h öyucTBbimycKaTb 30 hantMcmOB.aiihft noKOBOK n pn cpetaneM Bece noKOßKM 4,1 KZ.

B Ä aro Ä ap s i onpaHUHeHiHoii H O M eM uiarype OAHopoAHbix h o k o b o k h ö o ä b inoM y h x BbinycKy rpypoeM KOCTb H3roTO'BAeniHH 1 r t j k h .x h o k o b o k c a K p a u ia e rc a Ka 30— 4 0 % no cpaaneH H io c AOCTHTHyToft b ÄeöCTByiouiHx Ky3!HeiiiHbix p e x a x .

K y3«eHHbiH u ex y p an b C K o ro KyaHeuHo-npeocoBoro 3aBOÄa cTpoHTca ä a h ßbinyoKa 100 tm c. t npeuMyiuecTBeHHO wpynHbix no-KOfBOK.

C o o p y a i e H H e K y 3 H e u H o r o u e x a n a C ep Ä O Ö C K O M M a u i im o c T p o H -

TenuHoiM 3aBOÄe noKa n e HanaTo. ü o inpoeKTy s t o t ueix Äon/Keu1 BbimycKaTb b c io HOM eHKAarypy u ö k o b o k ä ä h 3aiÄMHX im oc tob h o b h x rpy30B bix aBTOMOÖHÄeft 3 H J I , b toim uMcne 50 Tbic. r ä ä h » s b o ä o b sanaoH bix uacreft. O ä H 3 k o pa3pbiß b cpoK ax b b o ä 3 ß ÄeficTBHe SToro u e x a h n ep ex o u a M o c k o b c k o t o aßToaaiBOÄa himqhh J lH xaue- Ba « a BbtnyciK tvoßbux npy30iBbnx aBTOMOÖHAeft b TeKymeM roÄ 'y npeuonpeueÄH eT npoH3BOACTßo yKa3aiiHbix noKOBOK Ha aB - T033BOÄe.

K a u yKa3aHO BHiue, oöecneueHHe iiOTpeönocTH b noKOBKax h napauiHBaiHHe iMoiuuocTeft KyaneuHbix uexoB öyÄ yT ocym ecrB AH Tb- ch rnaiBUbiM oöpaaoM 3a oneT HOBoro h x CTpouTeAbCTBa, c yneTOM nocraneHiHoro anepejKebHH noTpeöflocTH b noKOBKax.

CTpOHTeÄbCTBO HOBblX Ky3HeUHbIX UÖXOB, B TOM UHCÄe HeOKOÄb- KHIX ySKOOneiUHaÄMSHpOBaH'HblX, ÄOÄJKHO OCymeCTBÄHTbCH B pafto- Hax pacnoÄOJKenHH 3aiBOÄOB3noTpeÖHTeÄeft noKOBOK h M eTaÄÄyp ruuecKHx öa3.

XlaÄbHeftuiee paasHTH e Bcex b h ä o b cneuHaÄH3auHH ib aBTOMO- ÖHÄbHOM HpOH3BOlÄCnBe, OCIIOBOft ÄÄH KOTOpOH ÄOJIvKHa Ö b iT b IUH- poKan yhuitiHKauHH ÄeTaÄeii, y3ÄOB h anperaTOß, no3ßOJiHT oöec- ne’iHTb h brcoKo3cfxj)eKT.nb h oe coueTaurae nporpeocHBiioft TexHOÄonnn H 3 roT O B Ä e iiH H Ä eraue ft h m a u ihh c KOM niÄeH iC iioft MexaHH3au,Heft H IIO C Ä eÄ V IO U ie ft aBTOMaTH3aiIHeft IIIpOH3BOÄCTBCHHbIX H BCnOMO-

raTeÄbHbix npoueocoß .H a 9Toii ociioB e npoiOBOÄCTiBeeHaH ö a a a aiBTOMOÖHÄbHOH npo-

iMblUIÄeUhOCTH IB npSÄCTOHIUHÜ HepHOÄ 3HaMIHTCÄbHO paCUIIipHTCH 3a CH0T C03Ä3IHIHH HOBblX 3aBOÄOß.

npn 9T0IM nepaneKTHBa paaßHTHH aßTOMOÖHÄbHoro npoii3BOÄ- CTBa h nporpeooHBHbie HanpaiBÄeHHH ero opraHiH3auHH inpHÖÄHiKa- K3T K CO3Ä3HHI0 3.3ßOÄOB HOBOTO TIHina, Xapa'KTepHOÖ OCOÖeHHOCTbK) KOTOpblX HIBHTCH HOB8H TeKHHKa, OTÄHUh’bie VCÄOBHH ÄÄH paÖOTbl H BecbMa BbICOKaH HpOH3BOÄHTeÄbHOCTb TpyÄa BO Bcex OTpaCÄHX, u a « KO'HeuiHbift OKOHOMHueoKHft pe3yÄbTaT ocymecTBÄeuHH cn eu u a - ÄH3aUMH np0H3IB0ÄCTBa.

' ^^HempyuptyßiimLjßllecu£s)&6i:iJuiM

lUmMfnaHuSL

O p a ö o T e aBTOMoßHJibHoro ÄH3e jia Ha nacTHHHbix H a rp y 3K ax

B . P . B Y P 5 1 H K O

IJA C TH M H b lE Harpy3KH h b ä h io t c h o c h o b h h m paöouHM p e * H - * m o m aBTOMOÖHÄbHbix ÄBHraTeÄeft. XapaKTepncTHKH paöoTbi

ÄBHraTeÄH Ha s t h x p e * H M a x b o m h o t o m onpeueÄHioT e ro s k c - nÄyaTauHOHHbie KauecTBa h b c b h 3h c s t h m npeucTaBÄHioT HHTe- pec ä ä h HCCÄeÄOBaHHH.

noÄ yuH B iuH e 3a nocÄeÄH ee BpeMH pacnpocTpaH eH He ÄH3eÄH c Hepa3ÄeÄeHHbiMH KaMepaM H cropaHHH Hapnay c p h ä o m noÄO>KH- TeÄbHblX CBOÜCTB XapaKTepH3yiOTCH CpaBHHTeÄbHO JKeCTKOÜ p aö o - TOÜ. OnblTHbie ÄaHHbie (PHC. 1) nOKa3bIBaK)T, HTO MaKCHM3ÄbH0e

Ä PÄaBÄeHHe BcnbiuiKH p z h mecTKOCTb n p o u ecca cropaHHH —

AcpOUeHb M3Ä0 3HBHCHT OT H3MeHeHHH nOÄaUH TOnÄHBa. yM eHbineHHe ■nouauH o t noÄHoft ä o lU BbiabiBaeT OHHiKeHHe ßeÄHHHHbi p*iB€0ro na 8— 12 k z /c m 2. C x o p o c T b HapacTaHHH ÄaBÄeHHH npu stom ocTaeTCH nocTOHHHoft h äh Ä a * e HecKOÄbKO B03pacTaeT. CÄeÄOBaTeÄbHo, ä h - 3eÄH c Hepa3ÄeÄeHHbiMH KaMepaM H öÖÄbiuyio nacTb BpeMeHH paöo T aioT b ycÄOBHHx, K orua ÄaBÄeHHe BcnbiuiKH h »ecTKOCTb n pou ecca cropaHHH nouTH aKBHBaÄeHTHbi ÄaBÄeHHio h JKeCTKOCTH Ha peiKHMe MaKCHMaÄbHoft Harpy3KH. 3 t o OTpnuaTeÄbHO b ä h h c t Ha cpok cnyiKöbi h ocoöeH H o Ha myMHOCTb paöoTbi ÄBHraTeÄeft.

Ä ecT K O C T b paöoTbi ÄH3eÄeft c Hepa3ÄeÄeHHbiMH KaMepaMH onpeÄeÄHeTCH xapaKTepHbiMH ocoöeHHOCTHMH opraHH3auHH p a ö o - u ero n p o u ecca : k o p o t k h m BnpbICKOM n pu CpaBHHTeÄbHO öoÄbiuoM nepH oue 3 a Ä e p *K H BocnnaMeHeHUH. 3 a BpeMH 3aÄep>KKH Bocnna- MeHeHHH b u h ä h h ä P nouaeTCH o t 60 ä o 100% u h k ä o b o ü noÄauHTOnÄHBa B 33BHCHMOCTH OT Harpy3KH ÄBHraTeÄH. BCÄeÄCTBHe TO- ro , h t o BocnÄaMeHeHHK) noÄßepraeTCH öoÄ b iuan Ä03a TonÄHBa, HHTeHCHBHOCTb HaUaÄbHOTO TenÄOBblÄeÄeHHH OCOÖeHHO BeÄHKa. n ocÄ eÄ H ee oÖycÄOBÄHBaeT pe3Koe HapacTaHHe ÄaBÄeHHH.

OöbiuHbie KOHCTpyKUHH ÄH3eÄbHoft TonÄHBHoii an n ap aT ypb i oöecneuHBaiOT npaKTHuecKH OÄHHaKOBbie HauaÄbHbie y c ä o b h h n o - Ä3HH He33BHCHMO OT ee BeÄHHHHbi. H3MeHeHHe BeÄHHHHbi nOÄ3HH ocyiuecTBÄHeTCH rÄaBHbiM oöpa30M nyTeM BapbHpoBaHHH npoÄOÄ- jKHTeÄbHOCTbio BnpucK a. n osT O M y 3a BpeMH, npeÄ inecTByio iuee BocnÄaMeHeHHK), hh 33koh nouaHH TonÄHBa, hh KanecTBO CMece- OÖpa30B3HHH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT Harpy3KH He H3MeHHIOTCH.

B c e s t o BMecTe c M ano h3M6hhioiuhm hch napaM eTpaM H kohuh OK3THH B UHÄHHÄPe OÖecneHHBaeT HÄCHTHHHbie yCÄOBHH ä ä h n po - TeKaHHH H anaÄbH oro nepn oÄ a bh äh m o to cropaHHH b rnnpoKOM ÄHana30He H3MeHeHHH Harpy3KH, BCÄeÄCTBHe u ero coxpaHHioTCH BeÄHHHHa ÄaBÄeHHH BcnbiuiKH h mecTKOCTb n pou ecca cropaHHH npu H3MeHeHHH Harpy3KH (pnc . 1).

TaKHM oöpa30M , H3MeHeHHe p a ö o n e ro n pou ecca ÄH3eÄH npn CHHHteHHH Harpy3KH nOHTH 3KBHB3ÄeHTHO TeopeTHuecKOMy CÄynaiO, K orua yMeiibiueHHe noÄBOÄHMoro Tenna conpOBOiKÄaeTCH co u pa - meHueM cTeneHH npeÄßapH TeÄbH oro pacu iupeH H a. C n eÄ yeT OTMe- THTb, h to STa ocoöeHH ocTb p a ö o n e ro n pou ecca H apn u y c ÄpyrHMH onpeuenneT Ba>KHoe KauecTBO ÄH3eÄH — BbicoKyio skoh om h h h octb Ha nacTHHHbix H arpy3K ax.

TeopeTHHecKHft 3H3ä h 3 noKa3bißaeT, h t o CHH*eHHe »ecTKO- cth npouecca cropaHHH npu coxpaHeHHH b h c o k o t o HHÄHKarapHoro K.n.Ä. b o 3m o >k h o nyTeM paunoHaÄbHoro H3MeHeHHH xapaKTepu-CTHKH TenÄOBblÄeÄeHHH. n p u STOM HeOÖXOÄHMO CTpeMHTbCH K Bbl- paBHHB3HHI0 HHTeHCHBHOCTH TenÄOBblÄeÄeHHH B HaHaÄbHOH H 3 a- Bepuiaiouieft <})a3ax n pou ecca cropaHHH npn coxpaHeHHH- ero n po - ÄOÄJKHTeÄbHOCTH. noCÄeÄH H e paÖOTbl B STOÜ 0ÖÄ3CTH: npHMeHeHHe ÄByx4>a3Horo h CTyneHHaTOro BnpbicKa h ä P- — noKa3WBaiOT peaÄbHyiO B03MOJKHOCTb CHHHCeHHH JKeCTKOCTH H MaKCHMaJIbHOTO ÄaBÄeHHH BcnbiuiKH na noÄHbix h nacTHHHbix H arpy3K ax.

6 ABTOMOÖHJIbHan FlpOMbllXUieHHOCTb N 7, 1962 r.

n p H npoBeaeHHH HCCÄeÄOBaHHH paßonero npou ecca HOBoro ÄH3eÄH HM3-236 BbIHCHHÄaCb B03M 0*II0CTb CHHXeHHH JKeCTKO- c th n pou ecca cropaHHH 6e3 yxynuieiiHH skohom hhhocth paßoTbi Ha uacTHUHbix H arpy3K ax 3a cueT H3MeHeHHH y ru a onepeaceHHH BnpbicKa TonjiHBa.

JH,BHraTeub ßbiÄ oö o pyu oB aH TonjiHBHbiM HacocoM HM3-236 p33MepH0CTH A, c 33KpbITbIMH (JlOpCyHKaMH H TOnÄHBOnpOBOÄaMH ä ä h h o h 385 mm. AßTOMaTHuecKaH Myijrra onepeaceHHu B n p u cx a

1 —i onwxHbifl ßBHraTejib m 10,5/13 c KaMepoft b nopniHe (onbiTbi U H H A H ), n = 1500 oö/m u h ; 2 — flBHraTeJib J1M3-236 (onbiTbi aBTOpa), n = 1600 oö/m u h ; 3 — aBHrSTeab c Hepa3aejieHHOft KaMepoft D = 125 mm, S — 170 m m , n = 1600 oö/m uh (onbiTbi H. B. HHoaeMpeBa); 4 — onbiTHbift OTceK ABHraTejiH KAM-46 c KaMepoft b nopn iH e (onbiTbi U H H f lH ),

n — 1000 oö/m uh.

6biua 3aMeHeHa pyuHofl, no3BOÄHioiueH H3MeHHTb y ro n o n e p e * e - hhh Bnpbicua 6e3 ocTaHOBKH ÄBuraTeun . TonjiHBHbift H acoc HMeu njiyHJKepHbie napb i unaivieTpoM 9 mm. M aKCHM ajibHan CKopocTb nnyHJKepoB n pn H3MepeHnn O K a3ajiacb paBHoft 0,28 M M /zpa d , h to n pn 1050 o ö / m u h « a n a H acoca cocTaBJineT 1,76 m /cpk. HaM eHeHue npouojiJKHTeJibHOCTH BnpbicKa b 33BHCHMOCTH o t Harpy3KH n o x a - 3aH0 Ha pnc. 2. .HaBJieHne aaTHJKKH npyjKHHbi (JiopcyHKH coeraBÄ H - ä o 150 kz/cm 2.

P h c. 2. H3MeHeHne npoÄOJi*HTeJibHOCTH BnpbicKa TonjiHBa b 3a- bhchm octh o t Harpy3KH (uBHraTejib H M 3-236 , « = 1 6 0 0 oö/m u h )-.<fg — yroji 3aAep>KKH BOcnjiaMeHeHHH; 5, — yroji, cooTBeTCTByiomafl

OKOHBaHHIO BnpbicKa. .

B pe3yjibTaTe M H oroupaTH bix onbiTOB ßbijin nojiyneHbi p e ry - jiHpoBoniibie xapaKTepHCTHKH, npHBeueHHbie Ha pnc. 3. 3 t h x a paKTepHCTHKH HJiJnocTpnpyioT cpaBHHTejibHO c jiaßy io 33bhch- MOCTb KanecTBa p a ß o n e ro n pou ecca ÄBHraTeÄH J1M3-236 o t y rn a onepeaieHH H BnpbicKa TonjiHBa B ooßm e, a Ha nacTHHHbix H arpy3 - K ax ocoßeHHO. TaK , n pn pe= 2,5-f-3 kz/cm2 yM eHbm eHue y rn a oue- peuceHHa Ha 10— 12° o t onTHM ajibH oro ä jih nojm oft n ou au n npaK- THuecku He BM3biBaeT yxyÄiueHHH skohom hhhocth ÄBHraTeÄH.

Bnarouapu KopoTKOMy BnpwcKy h OTHOCHTeÄbHo yÄÄHHeHHo- My n epu oÄ y 3 a Ä ep *K H BocnÄaMeHeHHH noÄHaa nouana TonÄHBa

Ä aiue npn cpaBHUTeubHO no3ÄHeM BnpbicKe 3aKaHHHBaeTCH He Ha- CTOÄbKO n03ÄHO, HTOßbl BbI3BaTb Hpe3MepH0e 3aTHFHBaHHe BblÄe- ueHHH Tenua (pnc. 2). KpoM e Toro , y ro n 33Äep>KKH BocnuaMeHe- HHH H3MeHHeTCH B HanpaBÄeHHH, npOTHBOnOÄOHCHOM H3MeHeHHIO

V n ly

200

1S0

160

220

200

16020 26 28 32 d,°np

Phc. 3. PeryÄH pononH bie xapaKTepHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH J1M3-236 no y rn y onepeuieHHH BnpbicKa:

a — n = 1000 oö/muh; 6 — n = 1600 oö/muh; 1 — p e = 1,6 kz/cm2-, 2 — P e = 2,5 kz/cm2; 3 — p e = 5,5 kz/cm2.

y ru a onepeiKeHHH Qenp (pu c. 4 ) , h to yMeHbmaeT BÄHHHHe 6 s«p Ha noÄOJKeHHe ähhhh cropaHHH OTHocHTeÄbHo b.m.t. ITpu nacTHH- h h x noÄauax TonÄHBa yMeHbiueHHe y rÄ a onepejKeHHH BnpucKa eiue MeHbiue CKa3biBaeTCH Ha skohom hhhocth npouecca. ÄHaÄH3 npuuHH OTMeueHHOH ocoöeHHOCTH ueÄecooöpa3H o npoßecTH, h c - CÄeuyn xapaKTepHCTHKH ck op octh aKTH'B’Horo TenÄOBbiÄecieh h h . 3 t h xapaKTepHCTHKH uoÄyueHbi rp a -<j)HueoKHM ÄHtfittiepeHUHpaBaiHHeM KpiUBblX aKTHBHoro TeiUIOBblÄe- Ä6HHH, mOCTpoeHHblX n o uawubiM HHÄHKaTOpHblX ÄHanpalMM C HC-n0Äb30Ba!HHeM ypaBHeHHH nep- ( ißoro aaKOHa TepMoiÄHH'atMHKH.

K a « CÄeuyeT H3 pnc. 5, H3Me- HeHHe yrua onepe*eHHH BnpbicKa BÄHHeT He TOÄbKO na MOMeHTH auaÄa BbiÄeueHnn TenÄa, h o h Ha x o ä Bcero npouecca. IlpH yBe- ÄHueHHH y rn a onepeiKeHHH BnpbicKa HauaÄbiiaH CKopocTb TenÄO- BHÄeÄeHHH noBbiuiaeTCH h 3aTeM pe3KO yMeHbiuaeTCH. Ffo3ÄHeMy janipbiOKiy, HaoßopoT, npncymn no- iHH>KeHHbie c k o p o c t h b Hauaue cropaHHH h Öonee BbicoKHe b TeueHHe ocTaÄbHoro BpeMeHH. Tanan 3aBHCHMOCTb HaÖÄiOÄaeTCH npn Bcex cxopocTHbix peiKHMax paßoTbi ÄBHraTeÄH.

P e 3 K o e yßeÄH ueH H e HaqaÄbHOH c k o p o c th aK TH B H oro TenÄOBW - ÄeueHUH n p n paHHeM BnpbicKe, KaK H3BecTHo, oßBHCHHeTCH yB e- ÄHueHHeM KOÄHuecTBa TonÄH B a, n oÄ a H H oro b K a M e p y cropaH H H 3a BpeMH yÄÄH H eH H ofi 33uep>KKH BocnÄaM eHeHHH. E c ä h npn ® e n p = 1 8 ° ÄO B.M.T. H Pe = 5 KZ/CM2 K M OM eHTy B0CnÄ3MeHeHHH BnpbicKHBaeTCH o k o ä o 60% u h k äo b o h n oÄ a u n , t o n p n Q enp = 3 2 ° ä o b.m.t. n oÄ a u a y c n e ß a e T 3aB epu iH Tbca noÄHOCTbio. C o3Äa ioTC H ycÄOBHH ä ä h O ÄH O ßpeM eH H oro BocnÄaM eHeHHH ß o Ä b iu o ro KOÄHue- CTBa TonÄH B a, npon cxO Ä H T p e3 K oe noßb iu ieH H e ck o p o c th TenÄOBbi- ÄeÄeHHH.

ripHUHHy pa3ÄHUHH ck o po c th BbiÄeÄeHHH TenÄa b nocÄeÄyio- iuh x c t3 ä h h x n pouecca npn OTÄHuaioiuHxcH & e n p c j ie p y e j hc- K3Tb B HeOÄHHaKOBOH HHTeHCHBHOCTH H3MeHeHHH ÄOK3ÄbHbIX KOH- ueHTpauHH TonÄHBa. Ha nacTHUHbix H arpy3K ax b c ä b ä 3a ßbiCTpbiM cropaH neM nepBoft uacTH 3apHÄa CÄeuyeT ÄOBOÄbHo 3aM euueHHoe CrOpaHHe OCTaÄbHOrO TOnÄHBa. 3 t 0 MOHCHO OÖ'bHCHHTb pe3KHM CHHJKeHHeM aÖCOÄlOTHOH BeÄHHHHbi KOHUeHTpaUHH TOnÄHBa B K aM epe cropaHHH.

H3MeHeHHe y rÄ a onepejueHHH npHBOÄHT k TOMy, h to to h äh b o , n ouaB aeM oe b u h ä h h ä P , n on auapT b pa3ÄHHHbie TeM nepaTypHbie, THÄpOÄHHaMHHeCKHe H ÄPyrH e ycÄOBHH. B CBH3H c pa3ÄHHHeM yxa- 3aHHbix yCÄOBHfl BeÄHHHHa 33Äep>KKH BocnÄaMeHeHHH npn pa3HOM ouepeiKeHHH BnpbicKa ct3 h o b h t c h HeOÄHHaKOBOH, ü p u no3ÄHeu

Phc. 4. BÄHHHHe onepemeHHH BnpbicKa Q e „ p Ha n epn ou 3 aÄ ep *K H BocnÄaMeHeHHH <fa

ÄBHraTeÄH HM3-236:1 — n = 1000 o ö Im u h ; 2 — rt —

-» 16Q0 o ö Im u h .

Ns 7, 1962 r. ÄBTOMOÖHJIbHaH npOMbllUJieHHOCTb 7

BiipwcKe ii KopoTKoii 3aaep>KKe BocnaaMeHeHHa HepaBHOMepHoe n o ae KOHueHTpaixHH TonjiHBa He ycneBaeT BbipaBHHTbca. Bocnaa- MeneHne ii ropeH H e TonaHBa npoTenaeT b cpaBHHTeabHo ß a a r o - IipHHTHblX ÄOKaUbHblX KOHHeHTpaUHOHHblX yCÄOBHHX. I lpH 3T0M

P h c . 5. C n o p o cT b aKTHBHoro TenaoBbiaeaeiiH H npn pa3UH nnux

y r a a x onepeJKeHHa B n pucK a (Ä B H raT eab HM3-236): a — p e = , 2,5 K3/CM2, n - 1600 o ö / m u h ; 6 — p e = 2,5 k c/ cm 2, n = 1000 o ö / m u h ;

1 ~ »enp ' 32“ ; 2 - « en p = 25»; 3 - * snp = 18».

B CHJiy ÄO C TaTO H H O rO H 3Ö b lTK a KH CJlO pO Äa H e p a B H O M e p H o c T b M aK -

p o c T p y K T y p w 3 a p a a a H e O K a 3 U B a e T C B o e r o o T p n u a T e a b H o r o b j ih h -

h h h b 3 a B e p m a io m H X C T a a n a x n p o u e c c a c r o p a H H a : 3 a M e a a e H H o e

U o r o p a H H e n p a K T H a e c K H O T c y T C T B y e T . y B e u n a e H H e 3 a a e p jK K H b o c -

n u a M e H e H H a n p n p a H H eM B n p b ic K e c n o c o 6 c T B y e T B b ip aB H H B aH H io

M a K p o c T p y K T v p u 3 a p a a a , n p o a o a jK a io m e M y c H h n o c a e H a a a a a

c r o p a H H a , b p e 3 y a b T a T e n e r o a o K a a b H a a K O H u e H T p a u n a T o n a H B a b

p a a e 3 o h n o H H K a e T c a ä o y p o B H a c p e Ä H e f i . B o c n a a M e H e H H e n p o -

H CXOÄHT B 3 0 H a X C CO X paH H B U IH M H C a O n T H M 3 Ä b H U M H K O H U eH T p a -

U h o h h h m h y c a o B H a M H . C H a a a a a B b ir o p a e T T o n a H B o . O c r a a b H a a

a a c T b 3 a p a Ä a c ß o a e e p a B H O M e p H o fi C T p y K T y p o f t c r o p a e T M e a a e H -

H ee b y c a o B H a x ß o a b in o r o H 3 ß u T K a B 0 3 Ä y x a .

BcaeÄCTBH e onncaHHoft ocoßeHHOCTH n pou ecca cropaH H a c p ea - H aa CKopocTb T en aoB uaeaeH H H n pn H3MeHeHHH onepejKeHHH B n p u - CKa, HecMOTpa Ha pe3K0e pa3ÄHHHe MrHOBeHHbix CKopocreft, H3- MeHaeTca M aao . 3 t o oßycaoBUH BaeT , b cbo io oaepeab , cpaBHH- TeahH o H eßoab in oe HBMeHeHHe npoaoajK H TeabH ocTH B u aeaeH H a T en aa , a caeaoßaT eabH O , h HHÄHKaTopHoro K.n.Ä. K po M e Toro, noaojK H TeabH oe BÄHHHHe H enoToporo coKpam eHHH BpeMeHH c ro paHH a n pu paHHeM BnpbicKe o c a a ß a a e T c a 3aMeTHbiM yBeanaeHHeM T en ao o T u aan b o x a a jK a a io iu y io c p e a y h noBbim eHneM MexaHHae- ckh x noTepb. ü o c a e a H e e em e ß o a ee CHHJKaeT pa3ÄHaHe b 9(f)<}>eK- THBHbix noK a3aT eaax aB H raT eaa n pn H3MeHeiiHii y r a a onepejKeHHH BnpbicKa Ha aacTHUHbix H arpy3K ax.

T ax KaK onepe>KeHHe BnpbicKa He3HaaHTeabHO BanaeT Ha sk o - HOMHaHOCTb ÄBHraTeÄH, m ojkho 6e3 y m e p ß a ä ä h p a c x o a a TonaHBa npHMeHHTb yM eH buieHne onepeJKeHHa B n pucK a npn CHH>KeHHH «arpy3K H . / la a n ccaeÄ yeM oro aB H raT eaa 5IM3-236 m ojkho CHH3HTb y r o a onepeJKeHHa n p n p e = 1,5 m l c m 2 Ha 8— 12° n oßopoT a K oaeH aaT oro B aaa . P e ry an p o B aH H e onepejKeHHH BnpbicKa no Ha- rpy3Ke a e rn o Bbm oaHHTb 3a caeT cooTBeTCTByioiuero npo<t>naHpo- BaHHa kpom kh nayHJKepa, on peaeaa io m e ft H aaaao noaaaH .

ü p n paß oT e c nepeMeHHbiM no H arpy3Ke onepeJKeHiieM BnpbicKa cym ecTBeHHo CH iw aeTCH aaßaeH H e BcnuuiKH, a caM oe raa B - noe, — jKecTKOCTb n pou ecca cropaH H a Ha pejKHMax, Ha KOTopbix npeHMyuxecTBeHHO pafioT aeT ÄBH raTeab.

K a K b h ä h o H3 p n c , 6, n p n H a r p y 3 K e 50— 60% O K a 3 a a o c h

B03M 0JKH W M CHH3HTb B eÄ H a H H y P z H a 6 — 10 KB/CM2, a O TH O U ieH H eAp— Ha 1,7— 2,5 m / c M 2/Bpad. r ip n stom yxyau ieH H a skohom hhho- A<fc t h npaKTHaecKH ne naßaioaaaocb.

FIpoBepKa p a ß o r t i aBHraTeaa Ha x o ä o c t o m x o a y TaKJKe noKa- aaaa ueaecooöpa3HOCTb yCTaHOBKH y ra a onepejKeHHH BnpMCKa ®enp ® 18° a o b jm .t. C TaKHM onepejKeiiHQM BinpuoKa ÄBHraTeab paiöoTaeT oaeHb MarKO, c neßoiabuiHiM uiyMOM. P a c x o a TonaHBa npn s to m yBeanaHBaeTca Bcero Ha 1— 2% (0,02— 0,04 kz/h )\ C aeayeT , oaHaKo, HMeTb b BHay, aTo npn HecoöaioaeHHH HOpMaabHOTO TenaoB oro peJKHMa BÄHHHHe y ra a onepejKeHHH BnpucKa Ha aa- CTHaHbix Harpy3Kax 33MeTHO B03pacTaeT. CneunaabHO nocTaBaeH- Hbie onbiTbi c H3MeneHHeM TeM nepaTypu oxaajKaaK>m eft b o ä u npn

Phc. 6. FlapaM eTpbi paß on ero npouecca ÄBHraTeaa HM3-236 npH peryuHpoBaHHH onepeJKeHHa BnpucKa no Harpy3Ke (cn aou iH u e ä h h h h — npn nocTOHHHOM onepejKeHHH BnpbicKa, uiTpnx-nyHKTHp-

Hbie ä h h h h — npn peryaupyeM OM onepejKeHHH BnpucKa).1 — n *= 1000 o ö I m u h ; 2 — n = 1600 o ö /m u h .

%C.V120

200

180

WO

Phc. 7. BaHanne TenaoBoro pejKHMa aBHraTeaa Ha yaeabHbifi pac- x o a TonaHBa npn pa3ÄHaHbix yraax onepejKeHHH BnpucKa (n =

= 1600 o ö / m u h ):

a — Bgnp = 30»; 6 — ®8np =2 0 »; / — p e = 2,5 k s Icm2; 2 — p e = 5,5 Ke!cm 1.

noaaep jK aiiH H nocToaHHoft T eM n epaT yp u M acaa n oK a3aau (p nc . 7 ), h to ecan yM eubm eHHe y r a a S e n p c 30 a o 20° n pn t 8 =85-1-90* ne npiiBoanT k yBeanaeH Hio p a c x o a a TonaHBa, t o T axo e JKe yM eHb- nieHiie BeanaiiHbi @ e n p npn t e = 3 5 ° BU3biBaeT B03pacTaHHe Be- anaHHbi g e Ha 6 % .

FIpHBeaeHHbie a aH H u e noaaepKHBaioT H eoßxoaH M oeTb ß o aee ToaH oro noaaepjK aH H H H opM aabH oro T en ao B oro p e * H M a npu pa- ßoTe c peryanpoßaH H eM o n e p e *e H iia B npucK a no Harpy3Ke.

BblBOflbI

H ccaeao B a iiH e p aß o n e ro n pouecca Ha aacTHUHbix H arpy3K ax n o - K a3UBaeT, u to coBpeMeHHbifi aH 3eab c Hepa3aeaeHHoft KaMepoft HMeeT BecbMa n o a o ry io 33BHCHMOCTb y a e a b iio ro p a c x o a a TonaH Ba o t y r a a onepeJKeHHa B n pucK a: T IocaeaH ee o n p e a e a ae T u ea e c o o ß - pa3HocTb npuM eHeiiua pe ryan poß aH H a onepeJKeHHa B npucK a ho HarpyaKe.

npHMeHenne peryanpoBanna onepeJKeHHa BnpucKa n oafloaaeT cymecTBeHHo cHH3HTb aaßaeHHe b c iih iu k h h JKecTKOCTb npouecca cropaHHa Ha npenMymecTBeHHbix pejKHMax paßoTU aBTOMoßHÄb- Horo aBHraTeaa. n p u stom sKOHOMHanocTb aBH raTeaa npn y c a o - bhh ToaH oro noaaepjKaHHH HopMaabHopp TenaoB oro pejKHMa npaKTHaecKH h c yxyau ia eT ca .

r i.j.."y- ■>=fca 7acC!.i

V0V<L-9—-H1 i r—Cu2_“J&

)0 U0 50 60 70 80 t . C

8 ABTOMOÖHJlbHafl npOMblUIJieHHOCTb JV® 7, 1962 r.

0 6 a B T O K O J i e ö a H H n x y n p a B J i n e M b i x K O J i e c a B T O M O Ö H j i a

KaHÄ. TexH. Hayx Jl. Jl. T H H U B y P r

HAMH

HA r P y 3 0 B L IX aBTOM Oönanx, r a e nepea iin n oeb iiepa3pe3H3H, Tenepb, K o ra a c k o p o c t h aBHmeHHH cym ecTBenno noBbicHJincb,

B03HHKaror aBTOKoaeöaHHH ynpaBJiaeM bix KOJiec ( ih h m m h ) . H 3 - BeCTHO, HTO ÄJIH yCTpaHeHHH IHHMMH CÄeÄyeT H3MeHHTb COÖCTBeH- Hyio nacTOTy KoaeÖaHHft yn paB an eM bix K oaec BOKpyr mKBopHeft häh n epeaH ero M o cra BOKpyr n poaoabH o fl o c h 3 b t o m o 6 h ä h . O a n a - k o s t o He B c e ra a BbinojiHHMO, a H H oraa h He npHBOÄHT k » e a a e - MOMy pe3yabT aT y . FIoaTOMy Ha aBTOMOÖHae O oabK CB areH b py - aeßoft npH B oa BBeaeH rnapaBaHnecKHft racH Teab KoaeÖaHHft.

H anöoaee noaHo aBTOMOönabHoe ih h m m h HccaeaoBaaocb b CoBeTCKOM Coio3e TayxoM B. A . b 1935 r. [1] h KoaecHHKOBbiM K. C. b 1955 r. [2], a bo OpaHHHH Bypcne ae KapöoHOM b 1948 r. [3], KOTopbiH pacnpocTpaHHa Ha aBTOMOÖHan Teopnio, pa3paöoTaH- Hyio KeaabiuieM M . aan caMoaeTHoro iuaccn [4],

PaccMOTpHM OCHOBHbie noao)KeHHH TeopHH B. A . T a y x a h K. C. KoaecHHKOBa. B o ö e n x Teopn n x b KanecTBe K oaeöaiom eflcH CHCTeMbl paccM aapHBaeTCH nepeaHHfi m o ct c ynpaßaneM biM H k o - aecaM H . C n c reM a HMeeT a ß e CTeneHH cß o ö oab i: K oaeca MoryTnoßopaHHBaTbCH BOKpyr uiKBopHefl, nepeaHHH m oct — BOKpyr n po - ÄoabH oit och aBTOMOÖHaa. C n e reM a onncbiBaeTca aß y M a anHeft- h u m h aHijiijiepeHHHaabHbiMH ypaBHeHHHMH. ÄH aaH 3 xapaK T epn - CTHaecKoro ypaBHeHHa cncTeMbi noKa3bm aeT, hto n pn coßnaaeHHH n apu H aabH b ix nacTOT bo3m o>k i ih H e3aTyxaiom H e K oaeöaH H a. O ö a aB T opa noaTBepacaaiO T cboh Bbm oabi SKcnepHMemraMH.

Bypcne ae KapöoH paccMaTpHBaeT Tpn CTeneHH c b o ö o ä m y toh * e cncTeMbi. O h aonycKaeT, KpoMe noßopoTa Koaec BOKpyr uiKBopHefl h noßopoTa MOCTa 3a cneT c h o t h h peccop, nepeMeme- HHe nepeaHero MOCTa Baoab CBoeft coöcTBeHHoft och nonepeK aB- TOMOÖHaa. O h yTBepacaaeT, h to ih h m m h Ha aBTOMOÖnaax c He3a- bhch m o h noaBecKoii He HaöaioaaeTca ö aa roaap a öoabinofi »e c T - k o cth TaKofl noaBecKH b nonepeHHOM HanpaBaeHHH.

PaccMOTpHM em e oähh cayna ft aBTOKoaeöaHHH ynpaßaaeM bix K oaec, HaöaiOÄaBiuHHCH aBTopoM HacTonm efi CTaTbH, y aBTOMO- öhJih, HM eiom ero 3aaeaK y kohhob nepeaHHx peccop b pe3HH0Bbix noayu iK ax . Y SToro aBTOMOÖHan (aBTOMOÖHan A ) nepeaHHfi m oct BecoM 684 k z Beaym nft, Harpy3Ka Ha m oct 3050 k z * h ihhh n epeMeHHoro aaBaeHHH 12,00— 18", Bec o ö o h x K oaec h TopM03Hbix ßapaöaHOB co CTymmaMH 252 k z , pecoopbi nonysjiHHinTwnecKHe. B Tax cayn an x , K o ra a pesHHOBbie noavuiKH nobou ieH bi, yinpaB- aneMhie K oaeca hm cio t H eöoabinoft ancöaaaHC, a b pyaeBOM npn- B oae HaöaioaaeTCH H eöoabuioS aioc[)T, bo3hhk3iot aBTOKoaeöa- hhh ynpaßaneM bix Koaec. K a K ToabKO nepeaHHfi m oct CBH3biBaacn npoaoabH ofl peaKTHBHofi nrraHroft c paMOH aBTOMOÖHan, aBTOKO- aeÖaHHH npeKpam aancb. 3 t h KoaeöaHHH He M oryT 6 h in oöbHCHe- Hbi coBnaaeHHeM nacTOT KoaeÖaHHft K oaec BOKpyr mKBopHeft c na- CTOTofl KoaeöaHHH MOCTa hh BOKpyr npoaoabH ofl och aBTOMOÖHan, hh B aoab e ro coöcTBeHHoft och, TaK KaK npoaoabH an peaKTHBHan uiTaHra hhk3k He m o ikc t H3MeHHTb qacTOTbi KoaeöaHHH b s th x a ß yx HanpaBaeHHHx.

Bo BpeMH onbiTOB OTMeneHO, h to k o h h h nepeaH H x peccop nepe- MemaioTCH B n epea — H a3aa. TeopeTHnecKHfi aHaaH3 noK a3aa, h to 3TOT BHa aBTOKOaeÖaHHft MOJKHO OÖTjHCHHTI? COBnaaeHHeM HaCTOT KoaeÖaHHft n ep eaH e ro M o cra BOKpyr BepTHKaabHoft och c n a c ro - Tofi KoaeöaHHH K oaec BOKpyr uiKBopHefl.

EcTecTBeHHo npeanoaoJKHTb, h to aBTOKoaeöaHHH y n paß aaeM b ix K oaec B03M0>KHbi n pn HaaHHHH a io ö b ix a ß y x häh ö o a b iu e ro HHcaa CTeneHefi cß o ö o ab i y nepeaH H x K oaec c nHeBMaTHHecKHMH uiHHaMH.

P aö o T b i T a y x a B. A. h B y p c n e a e K a p ö o H a He npoTHBopenaT ap yr a p y r y . Abtopm paccMaTpHBaiOT pa3aHHHbie nacTHbie cayn an . TpeTHH noaoÖ H biö caynaft onncaH Bbiuie. O a H a x o n peacae neM pac - CMOTpeTb e ro , b h h c h h m , B03MO>KHbi a n aBTOKoaeöaHHH y n p a B a a e - Mbix KOaec y aBTOMOÖHan c nHeBMaTHHecKHMH u ih h 3mh npn H aaH HHH ToabKO oaHoft CTeneHH Cßoöoabi — n oßopoT a K oaec BOKpyr uiKBopHefl.

Ha O TaeabH bix SKcnepHMeHTaabHbix o ö p a 3 u a x aBTOMOÖHaefi (aBTO M O Ö naax B ) npn ck o p o c th 60 k m /h B03HHKaan aBTOKoaeÖa- hhh KÖaec. y s th x aBTOMOÖHaeft H arpy3Ka Ha nepeaHHH m oct 3150** k z , s e c n epeaH e ro M o cra 829 k z , Bec o ö o h x K oaec c Top- M03HHMH Ö apaöaH aM H h CTynHuaMH 350 k z , h ihh h p e ryan p y eM o - ro aaBaeH HH 12,00— 20", nepeaH H e k o h h h peccop 3aK penaeH H »cecTKo n aabu aM H , 3aaH H e — b cep b rax .

M t o ö h npoBepHTb, He Bbi3BaHbi a n s t h KoaeöaHHH a n c ö a a a H - c o m , nepeaHHfi m o c t aBTOMOÖHan BH B euiH Baaca, KapaaHHbie B a a u K 33ÄHHM MOCTaM CHHMaaHCb, OÄHO H3 nepeÄHHX KOaeC OCTaHaB-

* TToheaHaa Harpy3Ka aBTOMOliH.la 4500 KS.•• riojie3HaH HarpyaKa aBTOMOÖHJiit 3000 Ka.

aH B aaocb TopM030M, BTopoe — pacK py m iB aaocb aßH raTeaeM . B cbh3h c naaHHHeM a n c ö a a a n c a K oaeca H anH iiaan KoaeöaTbCH bo- K pyr uiKBopHeii c nacTOTofi, cooTBeTCTByiomeft n n cay o ö o p o to b . Ä M naH Tyabi KoaeöaHHH 3anHCbmaaHCb c noM om bio saeKTpHnecKoro aaTHHKa Ha aeHTy o c u H a a o rp a ^ a . Ee MaKCHMaabHoe 3HaneHHe npn pe30HaHce h a n cö aa a H c e 8,1 K zcm co cT aß an ao 0,3°. MacTOTa «o a e ö a n H H 4,33 1/ceK.

Ha tom * e aBTOMOÖHae h npn tom * e an cöaaaH ce bo BpeMH ÄBHiKeHHH aBTOMOÖHan no raaaKOM y cyxoM y acijiaabTHpoBaHHOMy m occe aiM naiiTyan Koaeöa.HHfi a o cT H ra a « 0,6° npn nacTOTe 5 1/ceK H CKOPOCTH aBTOMOÖHan 60 km/h, HTO COOTBeTCTBOBaHO 5,1 oöo p o - Ta Koaec b 1 ceK . 3 t h KoaeöaHHH He M oran öbiTb oö-bncueHbi Teopnefi B . A. T a y x a Han B yp cn e a e K apöoH a, TaK KaK n ocae öaaaHcnpoBKH K oaec ohh npeKpam aancb.

ÄHaaorHHHoe HBaeHne n a öa ioaa a ocb h Ha aBTOMOÖHae TaK w e c nepeaHHM BeaymHM m octom cymecTBeHHo öoabu iefi rpy3onoaT>- eMHocTH (aBTOMOönab B ) . ü pH n a n m m an cöaaaH ca ynpaßane- MblX Koaec H CKOpOCTH ÄBHJKeHHH 40 Km/h B03HHK3aH aBTOKoae- ÖaHHH c aMnaHTyaöft 2— 3°, a npn HenoaßHJKHOM aBTOMOÖHae h BbiBeuieHHbix K oaecax 3Ta aMnaHTyaa cocTaßanaa 1— 1,5°, B nep- Bbix cayn an x npn BbiBeuieHHbix K oaecax aM naHTyaa KoaeöaHHH h TpeHHe b CHCTeMe MeHbine, neM bo BpeMH aßHiKeHHH. H 3 3Toro caeayeT , h to SHeprHH, naym an Ha pacKannBaHHe Koaec, b nepBOM cayn ae T a K x e MeHbiue, neM bo btopom .

ÜHcöaaaHC K oaec b o öo h x cayn an x ocTaßaacn OÄHHaKOBbiM, a caeaoßaTeabHO, paöoTa peHTpoöe>KHbix cna, Bbi3BaHHbix ÄHcöa- aaHcoM, aoa>KHa öb iaa öbiTb npnöaH3HTeabHO oanHaKOBOft h He w o ra a obi3BSTb öoabn iHx KoaeöaHHH bo .BpeMH aBHjKeHHn, neM npn BpameHHH Koaec Ha MecTe.

Cym ecTBeHH o ö o ab m ee 3HaneHHe aM n aH T y au KoaeÖaHHft K oaec BOKpyr uiKBopHefl b nocaeaH eM ca y n ae moikho oöbHCHHTb ToabK o npeanoaojK H B , h to H3-3a B3HHMoaeftcTBHH mHHbi c a o p o ro ft b ch- CTeMy aonoaHHTeabHO bb oäh tch S H epm a, pacKanH Baiom aH K oae ca BOKpyr mKBopHeft.

Z la n BwncHeHHH 3Toro noaoiKeHHH orpaHHHHMcn caeayiom H M H ycaOBHHMH. ÄBTOMOÖHab ÄBHHCeTCH npHMOaHHeftHO H paBHOMepHO. n epeaH H fi m oct HenoaBHsceH OTHOCHTeabHO paM bi aBTOMOÖHan. K o a e c a M oryT noBopanH BaTbcn BOKpyr mKBopHeft h coßepm aiOT OTHOCHTeabHO hhx M aabie CHHyconaaabHbie KoaeöaHHH, Bbi3BaHHbie HaannneM H eÖ oabm oro a n cö aa a H c a . 3 t h KoaeöaHHH Hapym aiOT npnMoaHHefiHOCTb Ä'BHHceHHH, Bbi3biBan H eöoabm oe «pbiCKaHH e» aBTOMOÖHan H3 c to p o h h b CTopoHy. Ha K oaeca n pn hx n oßopoT e co c to p o h h a o p o rn ÄeficTByioT CHabi, co3aaiom H e CTaÖHaH3Hpym- m nfi MOMeHT. C n aaM H conpoTHBaeHHH K oaec KaneHHio npeH eöpe- raeM . P y a e B o e ynpaßaeH H e 3a cneT aio(})TOB He co3 aaeT c o n p o THBaeHHH n oB opoT y K oaec, TaK KaK KoaeöaHHH M a a u .

Ü p H 3T0Mt -= 0, = 0, w = <om,

rae 0 — y roa noßopoTa ynpaßaneMbix Koaec OTHOCHTeab-ho BepTHKaabHoft och , npoxoanmHX nepe3 cepe- ä h h u HIKBOPHefi;

a>, (0m — yraoBbie cko po cth noßopoTa Koaec BOKpyr Tex >Ke ocefi, COOTBeTCTBeHHO TeKyman h MaKCHMaab- Han.

PaccMOTpHM cnabi, aeficTByiom He Ha K oaeca b s th x ycaoBH nx.H a pnc. l , a noKa3aHO KaTnmeecn ynpaBaneM oe K oaeco bo Bpe

MH noßopoTa. O m enaTO K mHHbi Ha a o p o re nocTpoeH b np ean oao- jKeHHH, h to b KajKabifi Hoßbifi MoMeHT BpeMeHH t HanpaBaeHHe ero oceßoft anHHH coBnaaaeT c HanpaBaenneM oceßoft aHHHH mHHbi b MOMeHT Hanaaa KacaHnn c aoporo ft. J3an ynpomeHHn 33MeHHM no- ayneHHyio KpnByio oceßoft anHHH oraenaTK a npHMoft, noBepHyToft Ha HeKOTopbifi y r o a OTHOCHTeabHO Koaeca , KaK noKa3aHo Ha pnc. 1,6. OneBHÄHo, s t o t y ro a ö y a eT paBeH noaoBHHe y ra a AO M e x a y nanpaBaeHHHMH oceßoft ähhhh OTnenaTKa b e ro Hanaae h KOHue. E ro mohciio onpeaea iiTb H3 caeay iom H x cooöpajKeH iifi.

^ 3a BpeMH _ t\ = (S — aaH H a oceßoft ähhhh om en aT K a,' v av a — cxopocTb aBTOMOÖHan) y n paB an eM o e K oaeco noBepHeTCH Ha y ro a

f = ö

a-Wrd‘- mt= o

A0a OTnenaTOK — Ha y ro a — .

Nb 7, 1962 r. ABTOMOÖHJIbHaa npOMbllUJieHHOCTb 9

E c jih CTHTaTb, h to y rjiO B aa CKopocTb noBopoTa KOJiec 3a ne- p n o a o t /“ 0 ä o t\ nocTOHHHa h paBH a to', t o

A0 - r co 'd t = co' — . J • v a0

(2 )

H an paB Ä eH H e OTnenaTKa 6e3 yneTa y r a a yBOÄa onpeaeaH T ca y rao M

AB, = e - T .

üocKOJibiKy KOÄ©6aHHH K oaec BOKpyr niKBopHeft CMiiyooHaaabHbi,

• s in co /, (3)

TÄe ö) — y rao aaa HacroTa KoaeöaHHH, paBHaa yraoBofi ckopo cth opameHHa Koaec, TaK KaK KoaeöaHHH Bbi3BaHbi ÄHcöaÄaHcoM.

H3 BbipaiKeMHH (2 ) h (3 ) m yHHTbiBaa, hto <ü' = ( ü,

AB d ST = 0m axs i n ^ - - ( 6m a x . s i n <o /) —

. ^ s in co ;Sco

2 v „• COS co / (4)

I lp H noBopoTe aBTOMOÖHÄa BO BpeMa ÄBHJKeHHH B03HHK3eT ueHTpoöeH iHaa cn aa . PeaKHHH N Ha 9Ty c n ay co eropoHbi a o p o ra

P h c .

(pnc. l , e ) noßopaHHBaeT oraenaTOK Ha y r o a yBOÄa. K aK H3BecT-ieiÄe.

N

« o , y r o a yiBOÄa b ihexoT opux mpeiaenajc npa'Mo inpanopuH onaaeH fioKOBofl cnae:

(5)

r a e k i — K03<jxj)HUHeHT nponopnHOHaabHocTH.UeH TpoßejK H yio c n a y b nepBOM npHöaHJKeHHH1 m ojkho CHHTaTb

nponopuH OH aabH oft y r a y n oß opoT a OTnenaTKa iu h h u Ha a o p o re h on peaeaH T b H3 ypaBHeHHa

N = k 2 ( f — b ) = k i

- k 2 <

I S co \ 10m | s in co / — —— c o s co / — — N

2 v a j k i

Sco \ k 2s in co / — — • c o s co/ N ,

v a I k x

CTa6naH 3Hpyiom HH m o m c h t , oöycaoB aeH H biö B3aHMoaeöcTBHeM inHHbi c Äoporoft,

1 +k*i

k 2 ( s in co / -2 v a

COS co/ (7)

r a e l paccTOHHHe OT HHHHH ÄeÖCTBHH paBHoaeficTByioiii.Hx 6o - k o b h x ch ä Ha OTnenaTOK ä o to h k h nepeceneHHH och UIKBOPHH C Ä oporoft.

BbipajKeHH e b CKOÖKax m ojkho ynpocTHTb, npeÄnoaoJKHB, h to

k 2 = &3~C0S cp;

S cok 2 —— = *3 s in cp,

2 v n

rae

3 = k 2 +k ’S

s in cp

Sco\2

2 v c

S co

( 8a )

(86)

(8 b)

(8 r )Sco\2

2 v ,

IloÄCTaBHB b ypaBHeHHe (7 ) BbipajKeHHa (8 a ) h (8 6 ), noaynHM

l k 2

'+t%m s in (co/ — cp). (9)

TpatJJHK M cm = / ( 0 ) H3o 6 p a * e H Ha pnc. 2. I lp n 0 = 0m

M = lk z A9 ^ lk z

' + Tk\

_ b ) =

k\

s in (n t

m • s in (co/ — cp).

C>H3HHeCKHH CMblCÄ BbipaJKeHHH (9 ) 33KHK)HaeTCH B TOM, HTO CTa6naH3HpyiomHH MOMeHT, aeftcTByiomHH Ha y n p aß aaeM b ie K oae ca, OTCTaeT no tfia3e o t y ra a noßopoT a 0 Ha y r o a cp (p n c . 2 ). Pa- 6oTa, coB epm aeM aa M cm 3a n e p n o a Koae6aHHÖ, paBH a

= 2 J M cm d 0 = Jl k 3

c=o 1 +k 2

k i

X d 0 „ s in co/ =n lk 3

1 +k 2

h

0ffi s in (co/ — cp) X

, sin «p. (10)

H a pnc. 2 3Ta p aö o T a cooTBeTCTByeT n a o m a a n n e ra n rpa<J)HKa

A i = / ( 0 ) .

E c a n yn paß aaeM bie K oaeca c aaacTHHHbiMH niHHaMH n o a aeft- CTBHeM cn a ÄHc6aaaH ca Han no KaKOH-an6o a p y ro ft npnHHHe co - BepmaiOT K oae6aHHH, cnabi B3aHMoaeflcTBHH niHHbi c a o p o ro ö npoH3BoaHT p a ö o T y n o pacKaHKe K oaec BOKpyr uiKBopHefi.

9 T a p aöo T a coBepm aeT ca 3a cneT 3ana3abiBaHHH aeficTBHH CTa6naH 3Hpyiom ero MOMeHTa OTHOCHTeabHO y r a a noßopoT a K oaec Ha 4>a30BbiH y ro a 9 .

OTKyaa

k 2 0,

N =

/ Scos in co/ — --------

\ 2 v aCOS Odt

&2

l + ~ rk i

(6 )

1 B HeflCTBHTeJlbHOCTH BeJIHHHHa ÖOKOBOÖ CHJI bl N 32BHCHT OT MHOTHX (JiaKTopoB, ä jih KanecTBeH H oro aHa;iH3a paccM aTpH B aeM oro hbjibhhh T an oe Ä onym eH H e bo3M ojkho. P hc. 2 .

10 ÄBTOMoOHJIbHäfl npOMbllUJieHHOCTb Ka 7, 1962 r.

BbipaaceHHe (10) mojkho npeÄCTaBHTb HHaae. BocnoÄb3yeMCH paßeHCTBaMH (8 b ) h (8 r ) h, noÄCTaBHB 3HaaeHHH k3 h sin <p b pa- BGHCTBO (1 0 ), nOJiyMHM

A =

V'HÜJO 5 W n 5

= 7i j <ö20w —----- = 7t/G)2 0“2 v a 2 r K '

rae r K — pannyc KaaeHHH KOJiec aBTOMOÖHÄH.B o BpeMa ÄBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH H3-3a B33HMOÄ6HCTBHH nHeB-

MSTHHeCKHX UIHH C ÄOpOroft, npH H3ÄHHHH XOTH ÖH H HeÖOÄblUHX KOÄeöaHHft ynpaBÄaeMbix Koaec, npoH3BOÄHTCH paöoTa, ycHÄHBaio- m aa KOÄeöaHHH. 3 r a paöoTa TeM öoÄbiue, aeM öoÄbiue oTHomeHHe ÄÄHHbi OTnenaTKa ih h h m Ha uopore k paÄHycy Koaeca. O öhhho OHa ÖbiBaeT MeHbiue, aeM paöoTa TpeHHH b h ik bo ph h x , coHÄene- hhhx pyaeßbix tht h pe3HHe, h KOÄeöaHHH He B03HHKaeT, ho npHH- UHnnaÄbHO OHH B03M0JKHbI-

JIonUTaeMCH BuacHHTb ycÄOBHH, npu k o t o p h x coBMecTHaa pa- ö o ts CTaÖHÄH3Hpyiomero MOMeHTa h ÄHcOanaHCOB KOÄec MOJKeT BU3biBaTb cymecTBeHHbie KOÄeöaHHH.

C0CT3BHM ypaBHeHHe MOMeHTOB OTHOCHTeÄbHO IUKBOpHeft. Mo- MeHTbl TpeHHH B UIKBOpHHX, THrax pyÄeBoro npHBOÄa H pe3HHe uihh npHMeM nponopuHOHaÄbHbiMH ckopocth noßopoTa KOÄec BOKpyr IUKBOpHeft

, d0 M mp - X' d t ,

TÄe V — K03(J)(|)HUHeHT nponopuHOHaÄbHocTH.MoMeHT, co3ÄaBaeMbiß ä h c ö 3ä 3hcom KOÄec, onpeÄGÄHM hächom

m<Oj r { e sin

rÄe m — Macca ÄHCÖaÄaHca;r\ — paÄHyc, Ha kotopom pacnOÄOJKeH ÄUCÖaÄaHc; toi — .yrÄOBaa cKopocTb BpameHHa Konec;

e — nÄeao ÄHCÖaÄaHca OTHOCHTeÄbHO uikbophh.

n p H H H M aa BO BHHM3HHe MOMeHT HHepUHH H CTaÖHÄH3HpyKHUHft MOMeHT M c , , OÖyCÄOBÄeHHblfl B3aHMOÄefiCTBHeM IUHHbl C ÄOpO- rofi, 3anH ineM ypaB H eH H e momchtob

< m

d f l

, , M 2 -X — - j - M cm = m<ss\ r\e s in u>it,

rue / MOMeHT HHepuHH ynpaBÄaeMbix Koaec h Macc, c h h m h CBH33HHbIX, OTHOCHTeÄbHO BepTHK3ÄbHbIX OCeft, npOXO- ä h u ih x aepe3 cepeÄHHH uiKBopHeft.

Y h t h ypaB H eH H e ( 7 ) , nOÄyaHM

. rf20

d t2

IS l

1

\ k\ *2 / -

= m « i r\e sin tut.

k\ k4>HUHeHT 3 a T y x a H H H K O Ä e

ö a H H ft

X '-IS

( s . + i ) 2 ' ’»

KBSÄpaT COÖCTBeHHOH aaCTOTbl KOÄeöaHHH

= X,

l

- + 1 - k i 1 w-

' — fi) 2

B pe3yÄbTaTe HMeeM

d 20 dQ m

i ü ~ r “ i r ie s in “ 11(12)

AMnÄHTyna BbmyjKÄeHHbix KOÄeöaHHH CHCTeMbl Tanoro ypaBHe- hhh onpeÄCÄaeTCH no cjiopMyÄe

a -

2Xrne

(11)

■ & Y a 2 ? 2 - ) - ( l— q1)1

q = —

(13)

K o rÄ a aBTOMOÖHÄb ÄOCTHraeT c k o p o c t h , npn KOTopofl (Oi = oj

m r\e 1 m r\e a>

X '-IS

(13a)

2 V a i l + h

h ÄOCTHraeT MaKCHMaÄbHoro 3HaaeHHa.n p n HaÄHaHH ÄHCÖaaaHca h coBnaÄeHHH coöcTBeHHofi aacTOTbi

KOÄeöaHHH ynpaBÄHeMux Konec c hhcäom hx o ö o po to b , BeÄHHHHa aMnÄHTyÄbi KOÄeöaHHH oöpaTHO nponopuHOHaÄbHa pa3HHue

ISX '-

BeÄHHHlHbl } , k l H k 2 TpyiÄ-HO IMOHHTb, TaK KaK OHH 3aÄaKJTCH OCHOBHbIMH napaMeTpaMH aBTOMOÖHÄH.

Ko3(j)())HuHeHT X' xapaKTepH3yeT TpeHHe b pyneBOM npHBOÄe, uiKBopHHx h pe3HHe u ih h , h e ro yßeÄHaeHHe ä ä h yMeHbiueHHH aß- TOKOÄeöaHHH HeueÄecooöpa3HO. H a n öoÄ ee 3(})(f>eKTHBH0 Ha KOÄe- iöa«Hnix äo äjk h o OKaaaTbCH y.MeHbuieuHe inapaMenpa /, Korophiii b ochobhom onpeÄCÄHeTCH BbiÄeTOM uiKBopHeft BnepeÄ, TaK KaK npn 9to m yMeHbiuaeTCH aucÄHTeÄb h yßeÄHaHBaeTCH 3HaMeHaTeÄb B BbipajKeHHH (13 ).

,Z1äh SToro MeHaeTCH npoÄOÄbHbift y r o a HaKÄQHa uiKBopHeft. B o BpeMH onbiTOB, npoßeÄeHHbix b H A M H c 3btom oöhähm h A , B , B h <j>paHuy3CKHM pe())pHJKepaTopoM (jwpMbi Yhu k, yMeHbiueHHe l Äa- B3Ä0 nOÄOJKHTeÄbHbie pe3yÄbTaTbI.

CÄBÄyeT HMeTb b BHÄy, aTO npu HaÄHaHH u ih m m h , oöycÄOBÄeH- H oro coßnaÄCHHeM coöcTBeHHbix aacToT KOÄeöaHHft KOÄec BOKpyr uiKBopHeft c aacTOToft KOÄeöaHHft Mocra BOKpyr npoÄOÄbHoft och aBTOMOÖHÄH, 9T0T0 MOJKeT H He ÖbiTb.

H a pnc. 3 npHBeÄeHbi rpa<)>HKH 33Bh chm octh aMnÄHTyÄ KOÄeöaHHft ynpaBÄHeMbix KOÄec 3 b to m o ö h äh A o t npoÄOÄbHoro yrÄa HaKÄOHa u ik b o ph h npn ÄHCÖaÄaHcax 26 kzcm ( a ) , 18 kbcm ( 6 ) , 8 kzcm (e ) .

ABTOKOÄeöaHHH TaKoro b h ä h , Bbi3B3HHbie 3ana3ÄbmaHHeM no- BopoTa oTneaaTKa u ihhu Ha Ä o p o re OTHOCHTeÄbHO noBopoTa ko- Äeca, B03M0JKHU h npn coßnaÄeHHH coöcTBeHHoft aacTOTbi Kone- öaHiift nepeÄHero MOCTa BOKpyr npoÄOÄbHoft och 3b tom oöhäh c HHCäOM OÖOpOTOB KOÄeC, TaK KaK MejKÄy nOBOpOTOM MOCTa B BepTHK3ÄbHoft nÄOCKOCTH H nOBOpOTOM KOÄec BOKpyr IUKBOpHeft cyiuecTByeT jKHpocKonHaecKaH CBH3b.

CÄyaaft aBTOKOÄeöaHHft ynpaBÄHeMbix Koaec 3 b t o m o ö h ä h npH HaÄHaHH ÄByx CTeneHeft c b o ö o ä u , »HpocKonnaecKoft c b h 3h h ä h c -

J« 1, 1962 r. ÄBTOMOÖHJlbHafl npOMblülJieHHOCTb 11ß a a a H c a paccM O TpeH n o a p o ö H o K. C. K oaecH H KO BbiM [2]. 3 a n a 3 - ittbiBaHHe n o B o p o T a onneuaTKa mojkho yn ecT b b ero a «a a H 3 e , ec jiH b ypaBHeHHH, x a p a K T e p H 3 y w m e M n o ß o p o T y n p a ß a n e M b ix k o - a e c B O K pyr u iK B opH eft, CTa6HUH3Hpyiom Hft MOMeHT ß y a e T o n p e a e - jich T a « , K a « s t o c a e a a n o Bbirne,

PaccM oxpH M b h ä aBTOKoaeßanHÖ y n paB aaeM b ix KOJieC, 0 KOTO- poM ynoM H H ajiocb Bwrne, cBH3äHHbift c HajiHHneM a ß y x CTeneHeft c b o 6 o ä u y y n paB aaeM b ix Konec.

npn 3 a a e a K e k o h u o b n oaysan H n TH H ecK H X p e c c o p b pe3HHOBbix n o a y u iK a x b o 3 m o jk h h He T o a b K o BepTH KaabH bie n ep eM em eH H a ne- p e a H e f l o c h 3a cn eT n p o ru ß a p e c c o p , h o h H eß on b u m e n ep eM e m e- HHH MOCTa OTHOCHTejIbHO paM bl B r0pH30HT3JIbH0H njIOCKOCTH 3a cn eT y n p y ro c T H n o a y m e K .

JlonycTHM , h t o 3t h nepeM em eHHa HMeioT x a p a u re p noBopoTa n epeaH e ro MOCTa OTHocHTeabHo BepTHKaabHoft o c h , n p o x o aa iu e fi Hepe3 e ro ueHTp HHepuHH. I lp n s t o m aBTOM oßuab aßH m eTca n p a - MOUHHeftHO H paBHOMepHO, nOBOpOT MOCTa OTHOCHTeabHO ro p n - 30HTaabHbix ocefl HeB03M0JKeH, mHHM y n paB aaeM b ix Konec jKecT- KHe h y r o a noßopoT a om en aT K a mHHbi Ha a o p o re cooTBeTCTByeT y r a y n oß opoT a K oaeca.

n o T e p n Ha TpeHHe cn u raeM aHHeÖHbiMH (pyHKUHHMH n e p ß u x npoH 3BoaH bix no BpeMeHH y ra o B noBopoTOB n epeaH ero MOCTa h y n p aB aaeM b ix K oaec, a CTaßHaH3HpyiomHft MOMeHT h c n a y y n p y - rocTH pe3HHOBbix n oaym eK — aHHeÖHbiMH OTHocHTeabHo s t h x y raoB .

Ü B H m eH H e nepeaH ero MOCTa h y n p a B a a e M b ix K o a e c m o j k h o onn-T

ca T b c a e a y io m e ft cn cT eM o fi ypaBHeHHH (pnc. 4 npn 2 C =

= k i <p; N I c o s 0 ' = * i0 :

' Jd2 <f d y

2 d t + * 2 'P + ^ 'f l costf> — 0;

r d W _ r f (0 ' + P)

J « 7 £ + q ' d t*1 0 ' — F 6 C O S 0 '= 0; (14)

m Kd2y

d t2■ F - \ - f cos 0' N s in 0' = 0,

rae

I k

m K Qu Q2

* i , *

— MOMeHT HHepuHH n e p e a H e ro m o c t s ße3 K o a e c O TH ocH TeabH o B epTH K aabH oft o c h , n p o x o a a iu e ft u epe3 u eH Tp HHepuHH MOCTa;

— MOMeHT HHepuHH K o a e c h a e T a a e ft , noB opau H - B a io m u x c a c h h m h , OTHocH TeabH o BepTH Kaab- h u x o c e ft , n p o x o a n iu n x a ep e3 c ep ea H H y OTne- aa rKa;

— M a c c a K o a e c h T e x m e a e T a a e f t ;

— KostptpHUHeHTU, xapaKTepH3yiomHe noTepn Ha TpeHHe npn noßopoTe Koaec BOKpyr mKBopHeft h noßopoTe nepeaHero MOCTa b pe3HHOBbix no- aym nax, cooTBeTCTBeHHo;

— K ostjK p H U H eH T b i, x a p a K T e p H 3 y io m H e C T a ß n a H 3 H -

p y r o m u ft M O M eH T h c n a y y n p y r o c T H pe3 H H O B b ix n o a y m e K ;

F n p o e K U H H H a o c b y — y c y M M b i r o p H 3 0 H T a a b H b ix

c u a , a e f t c T B y io m H x H a u iK B o p e H b ;

f — c n a a c o n p o T H B a e H H H K o a e c K a n e H H io ;T2 — cnaa ynpyrocTH pe3HHOBoft 3aaeaKH peccop.

O c T a a b H b ie o ß o 3 H a H e H H a h c h u H3 c x eM U H a p n c . 4.Y h t h , HTO

0' = 0 -|- (f,

cos <f a; cos 0 s l

h npHHHMan

/ cos d' = N ■ s in 0' = 0,

33MeHHM b n ep B b ix a ß y x yp aB H eH H ax F B u pam eH H eM , noayneH- h m m H3 T p e T b e ro .

Toraa cncTeMa (14) npHMeT Bna

d20 dd d l a, ( J X — mKb2) + 9 i ^ + *1® + iß k— m ab) -j- *np = 0;

cP & d<p (Pbi (J .v + m Kcß) + Q2 ~ + h <p + m K ab = 0.

ripHHHB

Qi

[ J K ■ m Kb2

*2

= 2Xi; Qi

‘J m + mKa2

kx

J K — mKb2

J m “I" TtlKd-

J k — mKab

JK

d t2

= 2X2;

: - i;

(15)

m Kab

J m~\~ m K(fi

n ep en u m eM CHCTeMy ypaBHeHHH b BH ae

rf20 d% , ^ 2 0~ • 2Xi —}- o>i 0 —j- i -4- w. tp = 0;

d t2 1 d t ~ d t2 “ 1 T

rf22 .

PacKpbiB onpeaeanTeab, noaynHM

(1 — j i ) -|- 2 (X i -|- X2) p z + [ “ i (1 — J ) + 4 X1X2 + “ 2 ] P 2 4 " .

+ 2 ( Xi <ö2 + X2Ü)2) + “ 1 “ 2 = (17)

Ä a n s t o t o ypaBHeHHH ycaoB H H ycTofiH H BocTH P a y T a T y p B H u a o n p e a e a a io T C H ca ea y io m H M H HepaBeHCTBaMH:

ßo > 0; a i > 0; a2 > 0; a3 > 0; a4 > 0;

«1 • 02 • a3 — o2 • a 4 — Opa2 > 0 ,

(18)

rae a0, a 1, 02, 03, a4 — KoscjupHuueHTbi npn neTBepToft, TpeTbeft, BTOpoft, nepBoft h HyaeBOfi CTeneHH p.

llocKoabKy a0= / — j i , yHTH paBeHCTBa (15 ), HMeeM

00 = 1 — j i = 1

n a H , e c n H ao>0 ,

I

m Kab JK 7TlK(lb

J j i + « k « 2 J K — b2mK

V k — mKab J K~-\- rnKcfl

J k — mt{b2 mKab

K o s t jH jjH u H eH T b i a i, a 2, o 3, a 4 MoryT ß b iT b O T p u u a T e a b H b iM H T o a b -

k o , e c a n K a K H e -a n ß o n a p a M e T p H , h x c o c T a B a m o m n e [cm . p a ß en - C TB a (15 )], ß y a y T H M eT b o T p H u a T e a b H o e 3 H a n eH H e . T a K H M H m o - ryT O K a3aTbC H

X, =1 Ql

“ 1 =

2 J K ttixb2

J « — mKb2 ’

r i p u

J k — tnKb l < 0.

12 ÄBTOMOÖHJIbHafl npOMblUIJieHHOCTb JA 1, 1962 r.

Bxopoe yc jia B u e n p h b o a h t k TaxoM y m e Bbraoay.H t s k , H3 ycji'OBHfl Payra -rypB iH u a 'CAeayeT, w o ä jih coxpaxe-

HHH yCTOHHHBOCTH ABHmeHHH ynpaBÄHeMbix KOAeC aBTOMOÖHAH c TaKHM KpenjieHHeM nepeÄH ero MOCTa, K oraa aonycKaeTCH HeKOTO- poe e ro nepeM em eHHe b ropH30HTaabHoft naocKOCTH, H eoöxoan- MO, HTOÖbl

J k m Kab ^ J K -f - tnK($ (20)

— « k * 2 m ^a b

J K — m Kb i < 0.

ripaKTHHeCKH 3T0 3H aH H T, HTO paC C TO H H H e OT OCH U IKBOpHH ÄO

itä o ck oc th CHMMeTpnH KOÄeca (BeÄHHHHa b ) CÄeÄyeT ÄenaTb KaK MOJKHO M eH b U ie .

KpaTKo 0CT3H0BHMCH Ha pe3yÄbTaTax onbiTOB no onpeaeae- HHio npnHHH aBTOKoaeöaHHH ynpaBÄHeMbix KOJiec aBTOMOÖHAH A, y KOTOporo BeÄHHHHa 6 = 1 5 0 m m .

y HcnbiTbiBaBuieroca 3 b to m o ö h ah npn He3HaHHTeÄbHOM an cöa- ÄaHce (12 k z c m ) , npoÄOÄbHOM y rÄ e HaKÄOHa h ik b o p h h 6,5° h cko p o c th ÄBHweHHH 55— 57 k m / h B03HHKaÄH aBTOKOÄeöaHHH ynpaB

ÄHeMbix KOÄec c aMnÄHTyÄOH äo 0,55°, conpoBomaaBinnecH ne- peMemeHHHMH kohuob peccop b pe3HiioBbix noÄyuiKax äo 40 mm. C 33MeHOH pe3HHOBbIX nOÄyUieK CT3ÄbHbIMH BKÄaÄbimaMH, orpa- HHHHB3IOIHHMH 3TH nepeMemeHHH, CKÄOHHOCTb KOÄeC K aBTOKOAe- öaHHHM cymecTBeHHo yMeHbmiiÄacb.

P e 3 y Ä b T a T b i on b iT O B n o 3 a K p e n Ä e H H io k o h h o b p e c c o p n o M e m e -

h h b T a Ö Ä H u e . ü o c Ä e B B eÄ eH H H m e c T K H x n p o a o a b H u x peaKTHB- HblX TH T , C O eÄH H H IO m H X p a M y aBTOM OÖHAH C MOCTOM H H e ÄOny- C K a B m n x n p o Ä O Ä b H b ix n e p e M e m e H H H , a B T O K o a e ö a H H H B 03H H K aÄ H

TO ÄbKO n p n a n c ö a a a H c e öoaee 52 kzcm .

BblBOflb l1. ÄBTOKOÄeßaHHH ynpaBÄHeMbix KOÄec MoryT B03HHKaTb y aB

TOMOÖHAH npn HaÄHHHH MWKHX 3AaCTHHHbIX mHH He33BHCHM0 OT HaÄHHHH BTopoft CTeneHH cboöoäh y ynpaBÄHeMbix KOÄec aBTO- m o ö h a h H3-3a 3ana3ÄbiBaHHH noßopoTa OTnenaTKa mHHbi Ha Aopo- re OTHOCHTeabHO noßopoTa Koaeca BOKpyr mKBopHH.

n pn stom CTaÖHÄH3HpyiomHH MOMeHT, nponopuHOHaabHbiH yray noßopoTa OTnenaTKa, coßepmaeT paöoTy no pacnaHKe Koaeca (pnc. 2 ). OTCTaBaHne noßopoTa OTnenaTKa nponcxoAHT H3-3a to - ro, hto ecaH nepeaHHH ero nacTb coBnaaaeT no HanpaßaeHHio c KoaecoM, to HanpaBaeHHe 3aaHeft nacra coBnaaaeT c noaomeHH- eM Koaeca b KaKofl-To npeabiayniHH momcht. KpoMe Toro, peaK- h h h Ha neHTpoßeJKHyio cnay TaKme HecnoabKO yMeHbmaeT yroa noßopoTa OTnenaTKa.

2. KoaeöaHHH SToro Bnaa yMeHbmaioTCH c yMeHbineHHeM npo- ÄoabHoro yraa HaKaoHa uiKBopHefi.

3. n pn HemecTKOM 3aKpenaeHHH KOHnoB peccop (HanpHMep, b pe3HHOBbix noÄymKax) TaK, hto aonycKaeTCH HeKOTopniö noßo- poT nepeaHero MOCTa BOKpyr BepTHKaabHoö och, bosmojkhh aBTOKoaeöaHHH ynpaBÄHeMbix Koaec, oöycaoBaeHHbie coBnaaeHHeM napanaabHbix nacTOT KoaeöaHHH Koaec BOKpyr mKBopHeft h MOCTa iBO'Kpyr 3T0H OCH.

4. K o a e ö a H H H T a K o r o B H a a y c rp a H H io T C H c 3 a K p e n a e H H e M ne- p e Ä H e rO M OCTa T aK H M O Ö p a3 0 M , HTO yC T p aH H eT C H B 03M O )K H O C Tb

n e p e M e m e H H H b r o p H 3 0 H T a a b H o ft n ao cK O C T H , h y M e H b m a io T C H c y M e H b m e H n e M paccT O H H H H ot ihkbophh ao n a o cK O C T H chmmct- p n n y n p a B Ä H e M b ix K o a e c .

JIHTEPATyPA1. T j i y x B. A ., TeopHH u ih m m ii aBTOMOÖHAH, H3bccthh

H A T H Ns 1, 1935.2 . K o a e c H H K O B K . C., A B T O K oa eö a H H H y n p a ß a a e M b ix

i t o a e c aBTOM OÖHaa, r o c T e x H o a a T , 1 9 5 5 .

3. B y p c n e a e K a p ö o n , O ffic e N ational D ’etades et de Recherches Aeronautiques. Publication Ns 7, 1948.

4. K e j i f l b i m M. B., IHhmmh nepeaHero Koaeca TpexocHoro m a c c H , Tpyabi L(ArH, Ns 564, 1949.

C n ocoö 3aKpen^eHHs k o h u o b p eccop

ÄMnAHTyaa KOAeßaHHfi

b ? p a d .

C9

HenOJ,BH>KHblftB pe3HHOBbIX

noayu iKax ^ u y cj s <CQ n co

-0 6 e p eccop w Bce

4 KOHua 0 ,2 - 0 ,3 12

ü ep e iH H ft KOHeu npaßott peccopb i OcTaAbHbie 0 ,2 - 0 ,3 12

nepeaH H fi KOHeu oßeHx p eccop 3aAHHfi KOHeu 0 ,2 - 0 ,4 1 5 -2 0

nepeAHHfi Koneu 3aÄHeft p e cco p u O d aA b H w e 0 ,2 - 0 ,3 1 5 -2 0

3aAHHft KOHeu npaBoft peccopw OCTaAbHbie 0 ,2 - 0 ,4 12

3aaHHfi Koneu jieBOfi peccopb i O da .ibH b ie 0 ,2 - 0 ,4 26

3aAHHe KOHUb! oö chx p eccopn e p e iH H e k oh u m

oßenx p eccop 0 ,2 - 0 ,3 36

O M e T o ^ a x p a c u e T a 3 K o h o m h h c c k h x x a p a x T e p H C T H K a B T O M O Ö H J w

c r H A p o n e p e A a n e f i

KaHÄ- TexH . H ayK K). H. H EPEflHHM EHKOMockobckhm aBT03aB0fl HMeHH JlHxan«Ba

D HACTOHIUEE B p eM H c y m e c T B y e t ö o a e e a e c H T n M e T o a o B

p a c n e T a 3 k o h o m h h s c k h x x a p a K T e p iiC T H K aBTO M O Ö H AH c r ® a -

p o n e p e a a H e f t , h t o 3 a T p y a H H e T p a ö o T y K o n c r p y K T o p a h b h o c h t H e-

o n p e a e a e H H O C T b b c o o T B e T c r iB y io m H H p a 3 a e a T e o p n a aBTOM OÖHAH.

B 0BH3H C 3THM H pC A C T3BÄHCTCH HeOÖXOÄ'HMbltM K p H T H H eC K « n p O -

a K a a H a H p o B a T b ooHoiBHbie c y m e c T B y io m H e M eT O A b i p a c n e T a h c o n o - C TaB H Tb HX M O K ay COÖOH.

H a ocHOBe T a x o ro a n a a n s a p e K O M e n a y e T C H o ä h h H3 H3.BecT- Hbix M e T o a o B p a c n e T a , n e H M e io m u ft H e a o c T a T K O B , npHcymHX b c o m

o c T a a b H b iM M e T o a a iM , ,h a H a a o rH H H b iö n o C B o e fi C T p y K r y p e M e T o a y ,

n p H M eH H C M o M y a a n a B T O M o ö 'H a e fi c m e x arm h o c k h m h n e p e a a n a M H .

n o a 3K0H0MIHH60K0H XapaKTepHCTHIROH nOHIHM3eTCH 3aiBHCHMOCTb pacxoaa TonawBa na eawHHny n p oö aeH H oro nyTH ot c k o p o c t h yCTaHOBHBUierOCH ÄBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH IIpH pa3HbIX BeannHHax

oöm ero aopomHoro conpoTHiBaennn [1]. 3 t o caeayeT yTOHHHTb b CBH3H C T0M, HTO MeTOÄbl paCHeTa SKOHOMHHeOKHX XapaKTepHCTHK HaablBaiOTCH pa3HbIMH aiBTOpaMH pa3JTHHHO (paCneT TOinaHBHOH 3KOHOMHHHOlCTH H’a yCTaHOBHIBmHXCH pCHCHMaX ÄBUDKeHHH, paCHeT TonanBo-aKOHOiMHHecKHx XapaKTepHCTHK, paoneT 3KOHOMHKH, pac- neT TonaiH'Bo-BKOHOMHHecKHx noKa3aTeaeii). Bce sth Meroabi öy- aeM Ha3biB3Tb MeroaaMH pacneTa 3kohoM'hhecKHX XapaKTepHCTHK.

n p n äioöoim Merroae pacneTa 3K0H0MHHecKHx XapaKTepHCTHK He- oöxoaiHMbiM 3TanoM HBAHeTCH BbiHHcaeHHe no H3BecTHbiM (JiopMy- aaM cepHH 3Hane»HH n2 h M 2 ääh H’ecKoabKHX CKopocTeft Ä B H *e - IHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH C pa3AHHHb!MH aOpOJKHbUMH COHp OTH B ä 0H H H M H

n 2 ='0 «* 1 "K 2

0,377 r K(1 )

Ns 7, 1962 r. AßTOMOÖHJIbHaH npOMbllUJieHHOCTb 13

rae iK11 l K2 — nepeaaroH H bie n n caa K opoöoK n epeaan , pacn o -

aoateH H H x M exay. bu xoph m m BaaoM rnapoTpaH ccjiopM aTopa a

raaBH oft n e p eaan eß .BeaHHHHa M 2 n p a ycTaHOBHBnjeMCn aßHxeHHH paBHa MOMeHTy

conpoTHBaeHHa aBHJKeHHio aBTOMoßHan, npHBeaeHHOMy k Bbixoa- HOMy Baay raapoTpaHcijiopMaTopa (k Baay TypÖHHbi):

M z = = M t + M . = «

P3CHCT BKOHOMiHHeCKHX XapaKTepMCTHK aBTOMOÖHan c r a a p o - n epeaan e fi CBoanTcn k on peaeaeH H io c o o tb s tc tb h s i Meacay cepneß 3 HaaeHHft « 2, M 2 h p a c x o a o M T o n a H B a aBH raTeaeM a a n oöeonene- HHB BblHHCaeHHblX «2 , M 2.

B o B c e x M e T o a a x p a c n e T a nciioab3yeTCH ö a 3 p a 3 M e p H a s i x a p a x - TepHCTHKa rH apoT paaecpopM aT opa , inpeacTaBam ouian coöoh 3aBH-

A^2CKMOCTH KO SljM jlH a 'H eH Ta TpaiH C lJ lO pM aaH M k = ^ H K O S I^ H a H e H -

n 2Ta B xoa n oro M O M em a o t n epeaaroH H oro OTHomeHun i —

f l a n öoabuiHHCTBa M eToaoB Hceonb3yeTcn TaK jxe xapaKTepucTHKa B x o a a h BHeui'HHn xapaKTepncTHKa cn ao B o ro a rp e ra T a (a ß H ra - T eab h rHapoTpaiHc^iopM aTO 'p).

XapaaTepH CTH K a o x o a a (p nc . 1) crpoHTcn no ypaBHeHHio

M , = l i i n \ D $ (3 )

c noM om bio ö e s p a a M e p H o f l x a p a K T ep H C T H K H .

P hc. 1.

Tohkh nepeceneHHH KpHBofi M i= M \ (n { ) c anKHHMH nynKa na- p a ö o a ö y a yT CooTBeTCTBOBaTb onpeaeneH'HHM 3HaneHHHM n u M i h i. n o ti2= in \ HaxoaHTcn nncao o ö o p o to b BbixoaHoro Baaa rua- poTpa «c (j)opM aT opa n2, a onpeaeneHHe ino ncxoaH oß öe3pa3MepHofi xapaKTepncTHKe KoscjicjMmHeHTa TpaiHot])op'MauHh k, cooToercToyio - m ero HaöaeHHOMy i, aaeT M 2—kM\. BbiHHcnehHbie tbkhm oöpa30M toh kh n2, M 2 oöpa3y ioT (pnc. 2 ) aiHHBio M 2= M 2( « 2) BHeuiHefi xa- paKTepncTHKiH, eooTBeTCTßyiom yio aHHHH M i = M i ( n { ) Ha xapaxTe- pHCTHKe B.xoaa.

K a * a o f t aH H H H M i = M i ( a , ) H a x a p a x T e p H C T H x e B x o a a ö y a e T

c o o T B e T C T B O B a T b c b o h aHH H H M 2= M 2(n 2) H a B H e iH H en x a p a K T e -

p H C TH K e c n a o iB o r o a r p e r a T a . B H eu iH H H xapaKTepHCTnxa c n n o ß o r o

a r p e r a T a (pnc. 2 ) n o c T p o e n a n o x a p a K T e p n c T H K e a s H r a T e a n Ha noaHocTbio O TK pb iTO M a p o c c e a e (K p H B a n A) h n o HecxoabKHM aH H H H M « i = const, h b h h io ih h m c h nacTHbiM c a y n a e M anHHfi M i = = M , ( « i ) .

JIhhhh M 2= M 2(n2) BHeniHeft xapaKTepHCTHKH nsaniOTCH TaKixe ( b hhom nncaoBOM M acu iT aöe ) 3a bh chm o c th m h raro iB oro y-cHann P K OT CKOpOCTH aB TO M O Ö H an V.

n p n iKpHTHHOOKOM OnHCBHHH MeTOaOB nOCTpoeHHH SKOIIOMHHe- ckihx xapaKTepHCTHK aBTOMOÖHan c rH aponepeaaneft hm aaioTcn HOMepa no BpeMeHH onyöaiiKOBaHHH.

1. nepBbiM HBaneTcn MeToa, nonoab30BaiBiHHHcn b paöoTax (2], [3]. Cym H ocTb ero cBoanTcn k aaHeceHHio na BHeuiHioio xapaK- TepHCTWKy oHaoBoro arperaTa k p h b m x MOMeHTa conpoTHBaeHHa M c = M 2= M 2(n 2) , cooTBeTCTByiouiHx pa3HbiM 3HaneHHHM compo- THiBaeHHH a®H>KeHHK) ’\i (pn c. 2, u iTpuxoBbie aHHHH). T o h k h nepe-

ceneHHn sthx kphbmx c aHHHHMH M 2= M 2(n 2) BHeuiHefl xapaK T e-

Phcthkh. o n peaean ioT ra2, ri\ u M 2. OTcioaa t = ------ h M\ =

(k — 3HaneHHe K03<])4)HUHeHTa TpabctJiopMau.HH no H oxoaH ofi öe3- pa3MepnoH xapaKTepncTHKe rH apoTpaH C (})opM aTopa n pn HafiaeH - hom i).

ToHKa n i, M t nanneTcn npn ycTanoiBiHBuieMicn aBHjxeHHH a s r o - M oönan paöoneft tohkoh a B H raT eaa n ^ r i g h M i = M $ . Ecan Men<ay aBH raTeaeM h BxoaHbiM BaaoM rH apoTpaH ccjiopM aTopa

HM eeTcn npoM ejKyTOM Han M exa n n n ecK a n nepeaana c n e p e a a T o n -

M i ,HbiM H iicaoM i K , t o riQ = i K ■ n\ h M g = ~ ~ j ~ r IM ( r M — M exa-

l KHHnecKHH K.n.a. npoMejKyTOHKOH n ep ea a n n ). ü o « i h M i on p eae- aniOT c noM om bio TonaHBO-SKOHOMHnecKOH x apaKTepncTHHH aBH- raTean BeannHHy p a cx oa a TonaHBa h npHBoanT ee k eaHHnae n y TH.

n p n 3 tom MeToae h cxoa H h mh aaHHbiMH nBanioTcn BHaneHHn n2, M 2 h öegpaa'M epHan xapaicrepHCTHKa rH apoTpaH cijiopM aTopa. XapaKTep onpeaeaeH nn pa c x o a o B T on an B a n o BbinHcaeHHbiM 3Ka- neHHHM ti\ h M i h, caeaoßaTeabHO, BHa TonaHBO-SKOHOMHaecKoft xapaKTepHCTHKH aB H raT eaa , npHH HHnnanbHoro 3HaaeHHn He HMeeT.

H3ao>KeHflbift MeToa oöa a a a ea caeayiom HM H HeaocTaTKaMH:a ) B oab iuo ft TpyaoeMJcocTbio, KOTopan xapaK TepH 3yeTcn H eoö-

XOaHMOCTblO nOCTpoeHHH XapaKTepHCTHKH BXOaa H Bflem Heß x a paKTepHCTHKH c aocTaTOHHo aaCToft ceTKOft KpHBbix. E c a n orpaH H - HHTbCn peaKOH CCTKOH KpHBblX M 2= M 2(/I2), TO HeH3Öe5KKO HH- TepinoanpoBaHHe, h to y x y a m a e T TOHHOCTb pe3yabTaTOB. E c a n hh- TepnoanpoBaH un He npoH3BoaHTb, a orpaHHHHBaTbcn ToabK o toh - K3mh nepeceaeHHn kphbmx M 2= M 2{n2) h M c = M c(n2), t o öyaeT onpeaeaeH O anuib M aaoe KoanaecTBO bo3mohchmx peacuMOB p a ö o TH aB H raT eaa, OTHOcnuinxcn k «H eK py rab iM » BHaaeHHaM ck op o cth aBTOMOÖHan.

ö ) HeoöxoaHMOCTbK) npOBeae«Hn Bcex BbiHncaeHHH, ecan aance TpeöyeTcn onpeaeanTb, Kan s t o nacTO caynaeTcn , p a cx o a TonaHBa ToabKo aan oa E oro nan HeoKoabKHx 3HaneHHH n2, M 2 (HanpHMep i[4], aan xapaKTepHbix CKopocTeft o = 20 km/h h p = 0,8 Oman).

b ) CBoeoöpa3H oft «noTepeft K anecTBa», KOTopan BbipancaeTcn b tom , h to HcxoaiHoö HBaneTcn öe3pa3M epH an xapaKTepncTHKa, cnpaB eaaH Ban a a n rH apoTpaH o^iopM aTopoB o a n o ro THna, ho a io- öbix paaM epoB, a Bce nocTpoeHnn BeayTcn npHMCHHTeabHo k o a - HOMy KaKOM y-anöo pa3M epy. n p n H3MeneHHH pa3M epa rn a p o - TpaHccfiopMaTopa TpeöyeT cn n oaH oe noBTopeHne Bcex BbiHHcaeHHH h nocTpoeHHH.

3 t o t HeaocTaTOK HBaneTcn cvmecTBeHHbiM b cbh 3h c TeM, h to npn npoeKTHpoßaHHH rnaponepeaaH H B ceraa H eoöxoanM o noaön - paTb pa3Meo rHapoTpancciiopM aTopa, aan nero TpeöyeTcn (napn - a y c apyPHMH pacneTaMH) npoBeaeHne pacneTOB sKOHOMHHecKHx xapaKTepHCTHK aBTOMOÖHan c rnapoTpaHciJiopMaTopaMH pa3Kbix paaMepoB.

2. B p aöoT e [5] aaH M eroa nocrpoeuH n skohomhhecKOß xapaKTe- chcthkh , He TpeöyioraH fl nocrpoennn BHeumefi xapaxTepncTHKn. B ce nocrpoeHHn Beavacn npnMo Ha xapaKTepHCTHKe Bixoaa. H a n onpeaeaeHHH pejKHMOB paöoTH aß iiraTean (tti h M i ) c tp o h tc h He- CKoabxo BcnoMoraTeabHhix kphbmx. T a x o f l M eroa MeHee T p yaoe - mok. hcm nepBbifl MeToa. TaK KaK oh K'e TpeÖyeT nocrpoeHHn BHem- nefl xapaKTepHCTHKH rnapoTpaH ci])opM aTopa. B M ecre c TeM, eMy npHcym T p em fl HeaocTaTOK nepBoro MCToaa, Tax KaK HSMeHeHHe na.TMepa rnapoTpaHciJiopMaTopa TpeöyeT n ocrpoennn hoboh xapaK- TePHCTHKH Bxoaa.

3. B oanoM h3 MeToaoB, npHBeaeHHbix b paöoTe ]6], » | » M | on- peaeam oTcn Tax n<e, Kax b nepsoM MeToae. PasHHua 3axaiOHae»-

14 A b t o m oÖHJibHafl npOMblUIJieHHOCTb Jfo 7, 1962 r

CH ÄHUIb B TOM, HTO Ha XapaKTepHCTHKy BXOÄa HahOCHTCH B Kane-CTBe jihhhh M i = M i ( r i i ) He ähhhh W i= c o n s t , a xapaKTepncruKH M\ = M$ri$ ÄBHraTe.na, c kotopm m p a ö o ia e r paeoMaTpKBaeMbift rHapoTpaHc<jK>pMaTO<p. 3 t h xapaKTepHCTHKH o h h th npn HecKOJib- KHX nOCTOHHHblX y r jiaX OTKpblTHH ÄpOCCeHbHOH 33CÄOHKH.

P a ö o n a n Tanna ÄBHraTeÄH o n p e a e jin e rc n T a « * e , KaK b nepBOM M eroae, n oc jie HaHeceHUH ha BHeuiHioio xapaKTepHCTHKy wpHBbix MOMeHTa COnpOTHBJieHHH.

TaKHM OÖpaSOM, STOT MeTOÄ 4>aKTHHeCKH HBÄHeTCH BapHÄHTOM nepßoro MeToaa h oöJiajiaeT nosTOMy bcomh ero h öjioctatkaM h .

K p oM e To ro , onHCbißaeMbift m c toä o ß jia a a e r em e oähhm cym e- CTBeHHbiM HeaocTarKOM, KOTopbift fle j ia e r e ro MeToannecKH Hey- AanHbiM. 3 t o npoHBJineTCH b tom , h to ä jih oinpemejieHHH n.\ h M x HonoJib3yioTCH xapaKTepHCTHKH ÄBHraTejiH, x o th penaiMbi paöorb i ÄBHraTejiH he 33bhch t o t s th x XapaKTepHCTHK, a onpeaeaHioTCH 0ÄH03HanH0 TOJihKO napaM erpaM H aBTOMOÖHÄH h e ro CKopocTbio, conpoTHBjieHHeM a o p o rn , t . e. BeÄHHHHa mh n 2 h M 2 [71, a TaKjKe xapaiKTepHCTHKaMH h pa3M epoM rHaporpaHcifiopM aTopa." 3 t o aaeT KenoJiHoe npeacTaBaeH ne o (paKTopax, anpeaeaH iom H x b aeficTBH- TejibHOCTH p a öoT y ÄBHraTeÄH.

B c e s t o 3aTpyaHHeT npoBeaeH H e npoeKTHbix h QpaßHHTejibihbix pacneTOB SKOHOMHHecKHx XapaKTepHCTHK, a T a K * e cBH3HBaeT pe- uieHHe 3aaaMH onpeaejieHHOH tpopMoft 3aaaHHH t o h ä h b o -s k o h o m h - HecKOH xapaKTepHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH, h t o oneHb H eyaoöH o. K p o w e t o t o , HeBO3M0>K'h'o yTOHHHTb pacqeT SKOHOMHHecKHx xapaK T epnc - THK CTeHÄOBbTMH HCnblTaHHHMH ÄBHraTeÄH Ha 3apaH ee BblHHCÄeH- Hbix p e »H M a x .

4. ü p y r o ft MeTOÄ, npHBeaeHiibift b p a öoT e [6], T a K * e h bäh ctch BapnaHTOM nepB oro M erosa . OTÄHHaercH oh o t n oc jieÄ H ero TeM, h to Ha xapascTepHCTHiKy B xoaa HaKOCHTCH He npoR3BOÄbHbie ähhhh « i = c o n s t , a Tanne, ä ä h K oropb ix hm ciotch Harpy30HHbie xapaKTe- pHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH, p a öoT a io m ero c paooM aTph b aommm rHÄpo- r p aHCi}) opM aTop om .

CÄeÄOBaTeÄbH o, STOMy M ero a y n p n c y m « Bce HeiAocTanKH riep- Boro MerroÄa h MeroaHHecKHfi HeÄOCTaTOK rpeT bero .

5. CÄeÄyKim HM HBÄHeTCH MeTOÄ [7], b KOTopoM n i h M i o n p eae -ÄHIOTCH KaK TOH'KH nepeCeH0HHH Äßyx KpHBblX, OÄHa H3 KOTOphlX onpeaeÄHercH npeoöpa3yioiuHMH, a a p y r a n Harpy30HHbrMH Kane-

CTB3MH THÄP0TpaHC4)0pMaT0pa.X o th s t o t cn ocoö MeHee T p yaoe - mok, neM npeab iaym ne, h He HMeeT MeTOÄHHecKoro H eaoeraT- Ka TpeTbero cn oco6a, oh He pe- KOMeHÄyeTCH b KanecTBe MeToaa pacneTa SKOHOMHHecKHx xapaK- TepHCTHK, TaK KaK ohh M oryT paccHHTbiBaTbCH ÖOÄee npocTbiM MeTOÄOM.

JU.i z

P hc 3.

6. B topoh MeroÄ onpeÄGÄeHHH n i, M i (h nocÄeayiom ero noc-rpo-eHHH SKOHOMHHeCKOH XapaKTepHCTHKH) paÖOTbl [7] 33KÄIOHaeTCH B C Ä e Ä V io m e M .

n o ÄaHHbiM ÖeapaaMepHoft xapaKTepHCTHKH rHÄp0TpaHC(|)opm a -Xj • k X2

Topa erpoHTCH '(pnc. 3) xapaKTepucTHKa — —— • = ■ ^ ( i ) . 3 r a

XapaKTepHCTHKa MonceT T a K * e HaHocHTbCH npnMO Ha 6e3pa3Mep- Hyio xapaKTepHCTHKy.

M 2 «2H 3 ypaBHeHHH (3 ) c yneroM k — —— h I = ------- im o ä h o

M i n\inojiyHHTb

2 ± - = ____ ^ ____ r4\

P 7n * D5 'ü o BbiHHCÄeHHbiM n 2 h M 2 onpeÄCÄHeTCH SHaneHHe napaMerpa

M 2 ~ x2 h r . nepeH oc s t o t o 3H aneH H H H a KpHayio ~ r ~ = —~ (1 )

f/i| D5 P P

o n p e a e Ä H e T n ep eÄ aT O H H oe OTHOineHHe 1, h t o Ä a e T « i =«2

. On-

peÄCÄHB HO öeapasMepHOH x a p a K rep H e im e rHÄporpaHoiJiopiMaTo pa BeÄHHHHy KOSiJi^HHHeHTa TpaHoJiopMauHH k, cooTB excrB yiom e

Al2 ^r o HaHÄöHHOMy aHaneHHio i, inOÄiynaiOT M i = ~ . TaKHM oopa

3 0 M, TpyÄoeMKOCTb BcnoM oraTejiM ibix nocTpoeHHH MeTOÄa obo

„ X2 J^2_ ,AÄHTCH ÄHUIb iK HOCTpoeHHIO KpHlBOH ~ ~ = ^ [})•

3 t o t MeTOÄ HBÄHercH iiaHÖOÄee npHeMÄeMbiM h pck 0 m enävctchaBTopoM (paccM aTpHBaercH oh b KOHue CTaTbH).

7. B M eroÄe [8] Ha xapaKTepHCTHKy bxoä3 HapHÄy c xapaKTe- pHCTHKOH ÄBHraTeÄH Ha nOÄHOCTblO OTKpblTOM ÄpOOCeÄe HahOCHT- ch ähhhh Mi = M i(ä i), cooTBeTCTByioutHe nocTOHHHbiM pacxOÄaM TonÄHBa Qi. 3 t h ähhhh c tp o h tc h c noM om bio Harpy30HHHX xa- P3'KTepHCTHK ÄBHraTeÄH. rpaijlHHeCKH CTPOHTCH BH8IHHHH XapaKTepHCTHKa c KpHBOft P K = P K ( v ) , cooTBeTCTByiomeH p aöoT e ÄBHraTeÄH Ha nOÄHOCTblO OTKpblTOM ÄpooceÄe, h ähhhhmh P k — P k ( v ) , COOTBeTCTBylOIIXHMH nOCTOHHhWM paCXOÄaM TOIlÄHBa Q t [ähhhh P K = P K ( 0) SKBHBaÄeHTHbl ÄHHHHM M 2= M 2(n 2) — pa3HHU,a Älimb b M acu iTaöax nocTpoeHHH].

SKOHOMHHeoKan XapaKTepHCTHKa c tpo h tc h KaK b nepBOM Mero- Äß, nocÄe HaHeceHHH Ha BHeniHioio xapaKTepHCTHKy k p h b h x co- npOTHBÄCHHÖ ÄBHJKeHHIO aBTOMOÖHÄH.

PaccMaTpHBaeMbiH M eroÄ, KaK TperHÖ h neTBepTbift MeTiQÄbi, hib- ÄHeTCH BapnaihTOM nepßoro M erona. P a 3H «u a no cpasHeHHio c HerBepTbiM m ctoäom , b ko topom HcnoÄb3yiOTCH Te nee HarpyaoH- Hbie xapaKTepiHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH, 3aKÄi0HaeTCH b tom , h to Ha xaj- paicrepHCTHKy axon a HaHOCHTCH ähhhh Q (= c o n s t BM ecro ähhhh « i = c o n s t . nosTO M y ceÄbMOMy MeTOÄy npncym n Bce HeÄOcraTK« nepB oro h TpeTbero m ctoäob .

OxMenaH HeueÄecooÖpaaHOCTb HanoÄb30BaHHH ceÄbM oro Mero- Äa ääh pacn era SKOHOMHHecKHx XapaKTepHCTHK aBTOMOÖHÄH c th ä - ponepeHaneH, CÄeÄyer OTMerHTb e ro npHroÄHocTb ä ä h pacn era HaHBMroÄHeHiiiHX (mo TonÄHBiioft sKohOMHHHOcTH) poKHMOB jiep e- KÄioneHHH nepeaan h ääh nocrpoeHHH TaroBO-SKOHOMHnecKoft xapaKTepHCTHKH.

8. B oähom H3 MeTOÄOB, npHBeÄCHHbix b paöoT e [9], ääh on- peÄCÄeHHH «1 H M l no BbiHHCÄeHHbiM 3H3neHHHM rt2 H M 2 CTPOHTCH neTbipexKBaÄpaHTHan ÄHarpaMMa, TpyÄoeMKOCTb nocTpoe- HHH KOTOpoii BnOÄHe CpaBHHMa C TpyÄOeMKOCTblO nOCTpoeHHH xapaKTepHCTHKH BXOÄa h BHemHeö xapaKTepncTHKH. 3 to m y MeTOÄy npncym TaKH<e BTopoft HeÄOCTaTOK h. b 3HaHHTeÄbH0H CTeneHH, TpeTHft HeÄOCTaTOK nepB oro MeTOÄa. nosTO M y e ro Hcn0Äb30B3HHe He ÄaeT npeHMymecTB no cpaBHeHHio c nepBbiM MeTOÄOM.

9. Ä p y ro ft MeTOÄ, npHBeÄeHHbift b to h * e paöo T e [9], HBÄHeTCH BapHaHTOiM n epB oro M eron a . B hbm Ha xapaKTepHCTHKy BXOÄa HaHOCHTCH xapaKTepHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH M i = M i (/ l i ) , COOTBeTCTBy- KHH'He pa.TIIblM npOpeHTaM HCn0Äb30BahHH MOIIIHOCTH ÄBHraTeÄH. BbiHMCÄeHHeM noÄynaioT BHeuiHioio xapaKTepHCTHKy oh ä ob o to a r - peraT a b BHae KpHBbix P K — P K ( ^ ) . 3aTeM Ha an arp a M M y HaHOCHT KpHBbie paCXOÄOB TOnÄHBa, OTHOCHHIHeCH K tcm xapaKTepHCTHKaM ÄBHraTeÄH, KOTopbie HanocHÄHCb Ha xapaKTepHCTHKy B x o a a . n o c - a e SToro rpaiji'HHecKH c tp o h tc h sKOHOMKnecKan XapaKTepHCTHKa aBTOMOÖHÄH.

flaHHbiii MeToa HMeeT npHMepno ra x y io s ie rpyaoeM K ocTb, KaK rpeTHH h neTBepTbift MeTOÄbi, h oöaaÄ aeT o c e M « hBaocTaTKaiMH nepB oro h TpeTbero M eronoB.

B p a ö o re [9] yTBepniaaeTCfl, hto BocbMoft « ä o b h t h h M eroab i M oryr npHMeHHTbCH ä ä h HCCÄeÄOBaHHH h e y ct an ob h bu i hxch peiKH- mob paöoTbi. O a fla x o b naiiHbix M eroaax He conepHuiTCH h h k 3kh x OCOÖeHHOCTeH, nO3B0ÄHK)IHHX yHHTHBaTb S(J)(})eKT HeyCraHOBHBUie- rocH ÄBHHieHHH. nosTO M y ohh npHMeHHMbi k opehK e HeyCTaHOBHB- UIHXCH pe>KHMOB paÖOTbl TaK JKe, KaK H Bce OCTBÄbTIbie MeTOÄbi. AHaÄOTHHHoe 3aMenaHHe mojkho cnenaTb h oö ynpomeHHH n ocrpo- e'HHH H BbIHHCÄeHHH B CÄynae HCCÄeÄOBaHHH TOnÄHBHOft SKOHOMHHHOCTH aBTOMOÖHÄH C THÄpOMylJlTOH HÄH C rHÄpOTpaHC([)OpMa- t o p o m , paÖoraiomHM ha pe>KHMe raÄpoMy(J)Tbi.

H 3 npHBeaeiiHoro oÖ3opa caeÄ yeT , h to Bce cym ecrB yiom H e Me- t o ä h p a c ieT a (KpoM e in e c ro ro ) n ob to p h 10t HeaocTaiKH , npncy- m ne nepBOMy MeToay. TpeTHÜ, neTBepTbift, ceabM oft h ÄeBHTbift MeTOÄbi, KpoMe t o to . oÖÄanaiOT MeroaHneoKHM HeaocTaTKOM TpeTbero MeTOÄa, h to sa rp ya n aeT hx HonoÄb30BaHHe ääh npoeKTHbix h opabhhteabubix pacneroB SKOHOMHHecKHx xapa icrephcthk .

OneBHÄ'HO, h to peKOMeHayeMbift M eroa pacneTa SKOHOMinnecKH« XapaKTepHCTHK hibtom oö h ä h c rHÄponepenaneft ÄOÄKeH öbiTb obo- öoaeH o t nepenHCÄeBhbix HeaocTaTKOB. nocKOÄbicy Tanoft M eToa Ä0ÄJK6H CTaTb SÄeMÖHTOM BÄHHOft TeOpHH aBTOMOÖHÄH, pa3paÖ0T- Ka Koropoft b nacrn TpaHCMHCCHH rrpoBeaeHa, t ä abhbim oöpa30M , häh aBTOMOö’HÄH c MexaHHHecxoft KopoÖKoft nepeaan, t o nceÄa- TeÄbHo, HToöw peKOMeHayeMbift m btoä pacn era SKOHOMHHecKHx

JVb 7, 1962 r. AßTOMOÖHJIbHafl npOMblLUJieHHOCTb 15

xapaKTepHCTHK aiBTOMOÖHJiH c rHÄponepeÄaneft öliä 6ä H30k no CBoeft crpyicrype k MerojiaM, npniMenaeMbiM äjih aBTOMOÖHÄH c MaxannnecKOH KopoÖKoft nepeÄan.

PacneT 3K0H0MHH6CKHX XapaKTepHCTHK aBTOMOÖHÄH C MeX3HH- neoKoft KopoÖKOH nepeÄan coctoht H3 Tpex OTanoB:

I. BbWHQÄHeTCH pe>KHM paöoTbi BbixoÄhoro aana KopoÖKH ne- peman (t . e. BeÄHHHHbi n2 h M 2) no napaiMerpaM 3b to m o ö h ä h , eroCKOPOCTIH H 3aÄaHHbIM SHaneHHHM ÄOpO/KHOrO COnpOTHBJieHHH.PacneT ooymecTBÄHeTCH no cfiopMyÄaM (1 ) h (2 ).

I I . OnpeiaeÄHiOTCH pejKHMbi paöoTbi ÄBHraTeÄH ng = n ^ n M g = = M i no SHaneHHHM n2 h M 2 c yneTOM nepeÄaTOHHbix hhcbä ko- POökh nepeÄan.

I I I . OnpemeÄHioTCH pacxOÄbi TonAWBa, nepecnHTbmaeMbie na eÄ'HHHny rrpoftÄeHHoro asTOMOÖHÄeM nyTH, no HaftÄeBKbiM 3Hane- HHHM ng H M g C nOMOUIblO TOIIjTHBO-OKOHOM HHeGKOH XapaKTepHCTHKH ÄonraTeÄH.

OÖbWHO STanbl I H I I oßleÄHUSUOTCSI, T3K KaK BeÄHHHHbi ng H M g MoryT onpeaeÄHTbca no 4>opMyÄaM T «na (1 ) h (2 ), ecnn ynn- TbrBaTb ib hhx nepetÄaTOHHbie nHCÄa KopoÖKH nepeÄan.

Ä ä h onpeÄeÄeH'HH paoxoÄO® TonÄHiBa npn oämhx h Tex * e n2 h M 2 Ha pa3HHK nepeÄanax yÄOÖhee OHanana onpeÄeÄHTb n2 h M 2, a 3aT6M ’

n d = n 2

M 2n ,

M g =

rÄ e r> — K.n.Ä. KopoÖKH Ha t o h n epeÄ an e , ä ä h KOTopoft npo-

boähtch pacner.riosTOMy pacneT SKonoMHnecKHx x a p a k t ep hct hk 3 'Btom oöhäh c

MexaHHnecKOH KopoÖKoft nepeÄ an u eÄ ecoo öpasH o cnHTaTb co c to h - hihm H3 Tpex STanoB, TaK KaK 3 to Ä yn iue OTpajKaeT HÄeio MeTOÄa pacneTa.

H e TpyÄHO BHÄeTb, hto 3Tanbi I h I I I ne 33ibhcht o t Tana TpaHCMHCCHH.

ZleHCTBHTeÄbHO, B STaOe I OnpeÄeÄHKDTCH HIHCÄO OÖOpOTOB Bbl- xoÄHoro BaÄa TpancMHOCHH, xapa«TepH3yeMoe CKopocTbio aBTOMOÖHÄH h ero napaMeTpaMH, h m om oht conpoTHBÄeK'HH ÄBHjKe- hhio, xapaKTepHsyeMbift napaMerpaMH 3 btom o 6h äh h äo po jk h h m conpoTHBÄeHHeM. riosTOMy Tun TpaHCMHCCHH He OKa3biBaercH na BeÄHHHHaix n 2 h M 2.

B sTaine I I I onpeÄaÄHeTCH KOÄHnecTBO TonÄHBa. pacxoAyeworo ÄBHraTeÄeM, KorÄa pejKHM paöoTbi nocaeÄHero y>Ke H3BecTeH. XOTH THn TpaHOMHCCHH H BAHHeT Ha pejKHM paÖOTbl ÄBHraTeÄH, HO caMa onepaiiHH orrpeÄeÄeHHH paoxoÄa TonÄHBa no BHHHCÄeBHbiM pelKHMaM paÖOTbl, HlBÄHIOinaHCH eÄHhCTB0HH bIM coÄepwaHHeM 3Tana I I I , HmcaKoro OTHOineHHn k ran y TpaHCMHCCHH He HMeeT.

H osTO M y npn ä io ö o h rpanoMHCCHH b o o ee cneuH(})HKy h ocoöeH - h o cth u eÄ ecoo öpaaH o ynHTMBaTb TOÄbKO b STane II, onpeÄCÄHio- uieM ycÄOBHH paöoT bi Bxom Horo B aÄ a t p » hö m h cc h h ( t . e. Ä B H ra TeÄH) n o ycÄOBHHM paöoTbi BbixoÄH oro n a n a TpaHCMHCCHH, He H3- m 0hh h coBepm em -.o sT anoB I h I I I . 3 r o no3BOÄHeT paccnHTbiBaTb 3K0HQMHneCKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH aBTOMOÖHÄeft C pa3ÄHHHbIM'H TH- naiMH TpaHCMHCCHH OÄHHaKOBblMH ITpH0MaMH.

B npHMeHeHHH k 3 b to m o ö h äh ;M c rHÄponepeÄaneft 3Tan I I pac- nera aaKÄronaercH b onpg ä eÄehhh pejKHMOB paöoxbi ÄBHraTeÄH no ycÄOBHHM paöoTbi BbixoÄHoro Bana rHÄpoTpaHC(})opMaTopa. üpn stom äoäjkihm ynHTbfBaTbCH ttmi h pa3Mep rHÄpoTpaiHocjJopMaTopa, a TaKiKe ocoöeHHocTH ero xapaKTepHCTHKH. FIo3TOMiy 3aÄana' co3- ä3hhh bosm o ikho öoÄee npocToro MeTOÄa pacneTa 3K0H0MHnecKHX xapaKTepHCTHK aiBTOMoöhäh c rHÄponepeÄaneft o bo äh tch k o tm c- KaBHio na'HÖo.nee opocro ro cnocoöa onpeoieÄeHHH n , h M i no bm- nHCAeHHbiiM 3HaneHHHM n 2 h M 2.

H 3 oöaopa cyuiecTBiyioinHX MeroÄOB pacneTa b h ä h o , hto TpyÄO- eMKocTb inecToro MeTOÄa, peinaiomeno (KaK h ocTaÄbHbie M ero - ä h ) 3Ty 3aÄany, xapaKTepH3yeTCH HeoÖxoÄHMOCTbio nocTpoeHHH

w -2 ^2 ...JIHlüb OÄHOH KpHiBOH “ T“ = — — (/).

t*FIosTOMy uiecToft m cto ä CBoöoÄeH o t n e p a o ro HeAOCTaTKa nep-

b o to MeTOÄa.

Ecäh HMeeTCH OÄiia napa 3i.aneHHft n 2, M 2, t o BbinHCÄHeTCHM 2

TOÄbKO o ä h o 3naneHHe n a p a M e rp a r h onpeAeÄHencH■\n\ Z)5

OÄHa n a p a 3HaneHHft n u M i. X lp y ra x BbinHCÄeHHft h nocTpoem ift ns np o b o ä h tc h , h to Ä en a er m ecro ft MeTOÄ c b o ö o äh h m o t BToporo ueÄOcraTKa nepBoro MeTOÄa.

Ecäh TpeöyeTCH nocrpoH Tb 3K0H0MHnecKyio xapaKTepHCTHKy aBTOMOÖHÄH c rHÄpoTpaHciJiopMaTopoM T oro s ie THna, ho Äpyro-

ro pa3M«pa, to ÄOCTaTomHO BbinHCÄHTb Hosoe SHaneHHe napaMe-

2 a nepeÄaTOHHoe OTHOUieHHe (h aa jiee n , h M i ) on -

Ö63 npOB0ÄeHHH

TP3 ' ^ ^T«2 D5

peÄeÄHTb no npenm eft KpniBoft

woBbix bbmh cÄeiHh ä h nocTpoeHHft. 3 t o Ä eaaeT uiecToft m ctoä cbo- öoÄHbiw o t TpeTbero «eÄOCTaTKa nepBoro iMeTOÄa.

/laHHbift m c t o ä TaKJKe OBOÖOÄeH h o t MeTOÄHnecKoro HemocTaT- Ka TpeTbero MeTOÄa, TaK KaK ä ä h onpeÄeÄBHHH « i h M i ne Hyni- HO BMeTb xapaKTepHCTHKH ÄBHraTeÄH.

LLIecTOft MeTOÄ ä ä h yÄOÖCTBa HCn0Äb30BaHHH iieÄecooöpa3H o^2

necKOÄbKo H3MeHHTb. BeÄHnHHa — HBÄHerCH öe3pa3Mep«oft k o m -

ÖMHauHeft noKa3aTeÄeft pejKHMa n2 h M 2. C 3Toft to h k h 3peHHH oHa paBMonpaB'Ha c nepeÄaTOHHbiM OTHOiueHHeM, npeiacTaiBÄHioiiiHM coöoft öeapasM eph y io KOMÖHHaiiHio uoKa3aTeÄeft p e * H M a n { h n2. riosTO M y öe3pa3M epHyio xapaKTepHCTHKy rw Ä poTpaiiccjiopM aiopa m ojkho napecTpoHTb b bh ä€ 3aBHCHMocreü BeÄHnHH i j k h o t ap-

X2 ^ M 2 l 2ryM öH Ta— • T o rÄ a BbtnHCÄeHHe n a p a M e rp a — r------ , paB H oro— ,

i 2 t n l D 5 12

cp aay onpeÄeÄHeT neÄHnHHbi i , k h t], cooTBercTByioiiiHe 3TOMy n a -

pawerpiy.H jih npHÄaHHH TaKoft xapaKTepHCTBKe $opM bi, yÄOÖHoft ä ä h

BbinHCÄeHHbix BbiKÄaÄOK, HeoöxOÄHMO ynecTb, h to xapaKTepHCTHKa X j= X i ( i ) npHBOÄHTCH oöbinHO b BHÄe X iY • 104= X iY - 104 ( t ) ; äh- aM erp paöon efi nonocTH aBTOMOÖHÄbHbix rHÄpoTpaHciJiopMaTopoB BicerÄa Mebbine OÄHoro M erpa h nnTaa CTeneHb BeÄHnHH bi D upeÄ- CTBBÄHeT coöo ft HeyÄOÖHOe ÄÄH BbinHCÄeHHft HHCÄO C HeKOTOpUM KOÄHnecTBOM HyÄeft n ocÄ e 3anHToft; BeÄHHHHbi n 2 BbipaniaiOTCH Ä äh (JjHKCHpOBaiHHHX OKOpOCTeft ÄBHJKeHHH HeKpyrÄbiM ÄByX-, Tpex- h neTbipexsHanHbiMH nwcnaMH, k b h ä P aTbi KOTopbix HeyÄOÖHbi nO OBOeft rpOMOSÄKOCTH.

Ä ä h ycrpaKeHHH s t h x HeyAOÖCTB BBeweM HOByio xapaKTepHCTH-\2 }.2

Ky = (0. 3KBHBaÄeHTHyio xapaKTepncTHKe ~ = — (/).

Ü 3 ypaBHeHHH (3 ) c yneTOM kM 2

M t

ß

H / =_n2_

«1MOJKHO no-

ÄynHTb

M 2 =X ^ IO 4 * / n2 \ 2

ß 1000100 D5 = \r

\ 1000 /100 D =.

3Äecb BeÄHHHHa

I j , ——F X q i o 4 &

ß

(5)

(6 )

npeACTaBÄHer coöoft K03tJ)4)HHHeHT nponopiiHOHaÄbHOCTH b ypaB - H0HIHH mOÄOÖHH (5 ), CBH3bIBaiOIHeM M 2 C «2-

7-‘0.9

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.1

n >

n

//

H____

lVi V\ \ \V

200 ___ ___

K

22

1.8

1.9

1.0

0 90 80 120 160 200 2000 9000 6000 8000 T (k , )

P hc. 4.

BespaaM epH aH xapaKTepHCTHKa rH A p o rp aH a jjop M aT o p a nepe- cTpanBaeTCH b öeapaaM epH yio JKe xapaKTepHCTHKy p »c . 4, b kotopoft 3a apryMeHT npHHHTa BeÄHHHHa % t-

Ä ä h yÄOÖCTBa Ha pnc. 4 ä ä h BeÄHHHHbi % t npHHHTbi pa3Hbie MaouiTaöbi ä ä h 3oh Xr = 0-H200 h X r= 2 0 0 -M 0 0 0 0 . n e p ß a n 30Ha oxBaTbiBaeT nonra Bce npaKTHHeCKH B03M0jKiibie cÄynan ycxaHO- BHBUierocH ÄBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH c rH ÄponepeÄ aneft. BTOpan 30- Ha cooTBeTCTByeT npeoÄOÄeHHio eÄHHHHHbix npenHTCTBHft.


16 AßTOM OÖHJIbHan npOMbllUJieHHOCTb JVs 7, 1962 r.

Ilap aM eT p

T =M 2

V iooo /

(7)100D3

«iHCJieHho paseH , ksk s t o ca ea yeT H3 ypaiBHeHHH (5 ), KosijKjmnHeH- Ty Xt- 3 t o noaBcwiaer HenocpeacTBeHHo cmpeaeaHTb n o pnc. 4 3HaneHHH i h k (h a a a e e « i h A l]), cooTB ero iB y io iaH e npn ycraHO- »HBUieMCH ÄBHJKeHHH TOM «2 H A I2, JI'O KOTOpbIM 'BbIHHGaeHbl 3Ha- HeHHH n apaM erpa T — X r ■ n p n stom oaHOBpeMei-tHO onpeaeaaeTCH K.n.a. pejKHMa paöoTb i THapoTpaHCijiopMaTapa rp

H eTpyÄ 'H o BHÄCTb, hto npn 3tom ycaoBHH ycrpaF.eHbi nepennc-

7-2jieHHbie Bbim e H eyaoöcT Ba ncnoab30BaHHH xapaKTepHCTHKH —

ßM 2

h napaMeTpa ----- . B Beam iHHe X T Hcnoab3yeTCH xapaK -

7 «a D 3TepncTHKa X iY ■ 104= X i Y ' 104 (/ ) BM ecro Xi = Xi (/ ), a Bbipa>KeHHH

( lö o ö ) ' H ^ ^ 5 ,ß ™ CJIaBOM OTHOUieHHH VÄOÖHee, H6M tl\ H D-\

3 th H eyaoöcT B a T a K * e ö y a y r ycrpaH eH bi, ecan He CTpoHTb x a - paKTepncTHKy (p n c . 4 ) , a H an ecra na öe3pa3M epnyio xapaK TepH c- THKy rHÄporpaiHctJjoipMaTopa KpMByio (p » c . 3 ). B stom c ay n ae BMe-

X2 - Xn 104 kCTO KpHiBOH — caeayeT CTpOHTb KpHByiO H nepeHOCHTb

na Hee 3HaneHHH napaMerpa T, BbinH cae«H bie no ypaBHeHHio (7 ).Otmcthm, hto xapaKTepHCTHKH, npuBeÄeHHbie na phc. 4, He a o a -

jkkh CTpoHTbCa KajKÄbifi pa3 npn pacneTe 3kohomhh6ckhx x a p a K TepHCTHK. OHH HBJIHIOTCH T3KHMH )Ke nacnOpTHblMH 6e3pa3MepHbI- MH ÄaHHbIMH THna THÄpOTpaHC^OpMaTOpa, KaK H OßbIHHO npilBO- ÄHMbie xapaKTepHCTHKH. B ynoTpeöneH HH hx Ö yaeT am iib c ro a b - KO, CKOJIbKO HCnOJIb3yeTCH B aOTOMOÖHHbHOH Up OMbllHHeH H 0CTH pa3JiHHHbix THnoB rH apoTpaH CtjiopM aTapoB. X apaK TepucTH K a, npn - B eaanH an na pnc. 4, n o c rp o e H a n o 6e3pa3M epnoH xapaKTepncTHKe m a p o T p a H d | )o p m a t o p a THna 3 M J T -111.

Ec.th pacner 3kohomhh6ckhx xapaKTepHCTHK aBTOMOÖHJIH npo- boähtch a a a THapoTpaHC^opMaTopoB paaHbix thhob, to aan ks>k- a o ro THna öepercH oboh xapaKTepucraKa i = i ( X T ) , k = k ( X T ) -

XapaKTepncTHKa, npHBeaeHHan Ha pnc. 4, MoaceT Honojib30iBaTb- ch h a a a pacneTa aKOHOMHnecKHx xapaKTepHCTHK aiBTOMoönaH c

Xj7 • 104rnapoMyipTOH. B stom caynae k = 1 h Xt = XT (i ) = ------------------ .

p

TaKHM oöpa30M , peKOMeHayeMbift M eToa pacneTa CBoöoaen o t HeaocTaTKOB cym ecTByiom H x MeToaoB, aHaaoraneH no crp yK Type M eToay, npHMeKneMOMy aan pacneTa ,3K0H0MiinecKHx xapaKTepnc

THK aiBTOMoöHaH c MexaiHHnccKOH nepeaaneft, h aocraTonHO yao- öeH ,aan npaKTHnecKoro Honoab3oeaHHH.

PeKOMenayeTCH caeayiom w H n opn aoK pacneTa 3k o h o m nnecanx xapaKTepHCTHK:

1. ü o napaweTpaM aBTOMOÖHaH, ero c k o p o c th h 3aaanHbiM 3Ha- neHHHM K03t{)(j)Hii,HeHTa ao'poacHoro conpoTHBaeHHa BbinncaaiOTCa peaiHMbi paöoTbi BbiixoaHoiro Baaa rHapoTpaHocJiopMaTopa n% h M 2 — (Jiop'Myabi (1) h (2).

2. ü o «2 h M 2 BUHHCaniOTCH 3HaneK'HH n apaM erpa T — p o p - M yaa (7).

n o 6e3pa3MepHOH xapaKTepncTHKe riHapoTpaHCpopMaTopa, npea- CTaaaeHHOH Ha pnc. 4, HaxoaHT cooTBeTCTByiomHe s t h m T 3Ha- neHHH n epeaaT o n n o ro OTHOUieHHH i h KosppnmieHTa TpaHCpop- Mamtn k, hto on peaean eT peiKHMu paöoTbi aanraTeaH:

nd = nx =ni

M 2M d = M 1 = — f - .

k

3. n o ng h M g c noM om bio TonaH®o-3KOHOMHnecKoft xa p a K ie - P'hcthkh aBHraTeaH on peaean ioT p acxoab i TonaHBa h npHBoanT h x k eaHHHiie npoflaeH H oro aBTOMoönaeM nyTH.

JIHTEPATyPA

1. T o J i b f l E. B. M <J> a a b k e b h n E. C., T eopH H , k o h - CTpyHpoBaHine h pacn eT aBTOM OÖHaa, M a m rH 3 . 1957.

2. K l u g e H., K o h l H., S p a n h a k e W., U n r u h H., D e u ts c h e K ra ft fa lh r tfo ir s c h im 'g , « T e c h n is c h e r .F o r s c h u n g s b e - l i c h t » , Zw isoh 'en iberdidht, N ° 41.

3. r i p o K O t p b e B B. H ., CoBM ecTHan p a öoT a Tp aH cn op TH oro aBH raTean BHyTpeHHero cropaHHH c rHapoaHHaM HHecKoü n e p e - a a n e ii, H A T H , 1945.

4. r o a b a B. B ., IIpoeKTH poBaH H e aBTOMoöHaeft, M am rH 3, 1956,

5. < i e p e p a i e H K O IO . H ., «A B T O M O Ö H abH aa h TpaKTOp- Han npoM bim aeHHOCTb» JSfb 12, 1952.

6. JI a n h a y c B. 11. h I l e i p o B B. A . , FH apaBaH necKH e TpaHCMHCCHH aBTOM oöH aeft. M. nirH3, 1957.

7. B e p e a h h n e h k o IO. M., «A B T O M O Ö H ab H an n p o M b im - aeHHOCTb» ATs 9, 1958.

8. K y p 3 e a b H . A . . «A B TO M O Ö H abH an n poM bim aeH H O C T b» Aß 5, 1959.

9. K p a c H K O B C. M., H a a p H O H O B B. A ., « A b t o m o - ÖHabHan npoM bim aeHHOCTb» AT» 7. 1960.

T a r o B a n A w a r p a i v i M a a ß i O M O Ö n a a c y n e T O M K . n . A . B e ^ y i u n x K O J i e c

E. H. KJIOHKOB

BonrorpaflcHHH MexaHHnecKMH h h c tm tvt

/ A n b lT b l noKa3biBaiOT, h to aißnaceHHe aBTOMOÖHan, ocoöeHHo ^ no rpyHTOBbiM aoporaM , coepoBoacaaercH öyKCOBaHneM bs-

aym nx Koaec. BcaeacrBHe s t o t o noTepn Ha KaneHHe Beao'Mbix h BeayihHx Koaec öyayT OTannaTbCH h KanecrßeHHo h KoaHnecT- BeHHo. KpoMe Toro, öyKCOBaHHe pesxo cuniKaeT THroiBue KanecT- Ba aBTOMOÖHaH h yxyauiaeT ero TonaHBiryio sKOHO'MHHHOCTb.

OanaKo TnroiBbiH öaaawc (caeaoiBaTeabHo, h THroßan anarpaM- Ma), ncnoab3yeMbiH b coBpeMennoH TeopHH aBTOMOÖHan [1] ääh OUeHKH THTOBblX KaneCTiB, He ynHTblBaeT STHX paKTOipOB, H n03T0- My He MOjKeT b noaHoft Mepe xapaKTepHSOBaTb TnroBtix KanecTB aBTOMOÖHaa b pa3annHbix aopoiKHbix ycaoBHHX.

B nocaeaHee apeMH H. K. KyaHKOB [2] n oayn H a TflroiBbiH h m oiii- h o c th o h öaaaHCbi, b k o t o p h x noTepn Ha KaneHHe b BeaoMbix h Beaymmx K o a e c ax ynHTuBaioTCH o ra e a b H o h 3(}><j>eKTHBiHocTb Beay- mero K oaeca o n p e a e a a e r c a K.n.a.

Oh T a K *e paspaöoTaa MeToaHncy nocTpoeHHH t h t o b o h anarpaiM- m h c yneTOM öyKcoBanHH [3], h o npn s to m a eaaa aonymeHHe, h to noTepn Ha KaneHHe b BeaymHX Koaecax nocTOHHHbi h He 33 ibhch t OT CKOPOCTH.

PaccMOTpHM M eToanKy nocTpoeHHH t h t o b o h an arpaM M bi aBTO- M o ön aa c yneTOM K.n.a. B eaym n x Koaec. 3 t o no3iioaHT ynecTb Bce nepenHcaei-.'Hbie Bbirne (JiaKTopbi, a T a K * e o n peaean T b noT epn b B eay m n x h BeaoM bix K oaecax b 3aBHCHMoeni o t c k o p o c t h h Be- aiHHHHbi t h t o b o h cnabi.

K.n.a. Beaymero Koaeca [2]

r a e P K — aeHCTBHTeauHaH THroaaH c n aa , BoaHHKaiomaH b pe- ayabT aT e n peoöp a30 !BaHHH KpyTHm ero MOMeHTa Beay- mKMH KoaecaM n;

V K — aeHCTBHTeabHaH CKOpOCTb ÄBHJKeHHH # aiBTOMOÖHÄH (K o a e c a );

M K — «pyTHrnnft MoMeHT, noÄBoa'HiMHfl k BeayuieMy Koaecy; co K — yraoBan cKopocTb Beaymero Koaeca.

.Ns 7, 1962 ABToMoÖHJibHaH n ß oM b iiiljieh H octb 17

E c ä h öbi He ö h ä o n o re p b Ha KaneHHe b Beaym H x K oaecax , t o

KpyTHlHHH M0M6HT ypa ;BiFIOBeiHHBaJICH TeOpeTHHeCKOH THrOBOfl CH- ä o h P/c, npHjiojKeHHoft k KOJiecy Ha nnene r0, t . e.

M K = P o • ro, (2)

rae r 0 — oBoöoAhbiH pajiHyc Bejiymero Kojieca [1],

Peu iaa coB M ecriio yipaiBtHöHh h (1 ) h (2 ) , nojiywHM

% = ■ “ ( ! — o) . ( 3)r ’o

Vn — VK V Kr a e 6 = ------ = 1 — — K09(})(j)HH:HeHT ÖyKCOBaHHH

v 0 v 0Kojieca;

Do — TeOpeTHHeiOKafl CKOpOCTb Ä'BHIKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH (KO-.n eca ).

H 3 Bbipa/KeHHa (3 ) b h ä h o , h to K.n.Ä. B eÄ ym ero K oaeca yqHTbi-/ P , \

BaeT inorepH He tohm co Ha KaneHHe \~~p~J ’ H0 H noT0PH 33

CHeT ÖyiHCOBÄHHH (1 — ö ) .

IloTepH Ha K anem ie öyayT aaBHceTb o t c k o p o c t h 'A m ixem iH , aBeÄHHHHa ÖyiKCOIBaiHHH--- OT BeÄHHHHbi THTOBOH CHÄbl. C a eaO B a -TeÄbHo, ecÄH onpeaeanTb noTepn Ha KaneHHe b Beaymnx Koaecax c inoMombio Kjn.Ä., to im ow ho ynecrb ibähhihhc okopocth h thtoboh

CHÄbl.

TloTaDH « a « a Henne b BeÄym nx K o a e c a « MoryT 6biTb iipejcTaB- aeHbi KaK ipaaHOCTb

P n = P 0 - P K. (4)

CoBMecTHoe pemeHHe Bbipa*eHHH (3 ) h (4 ) ÄaeT ypaBHeHHe, KOTopoe T103BOÄHCT onpaaeÄHTb BeÄHHHHy noTepb P n c yneTOM k.h.ä. Koaeca, t . e.

' ■ » - ' ■ • ( ‘ - T Z i - ) - (5)

H on o Ä b 3 ya BbipaaceHHe (5 ) , imohcho n o c rp o n T b T H rosy io a n a - rpaMMy aBTOMOÖHÄH ä ä h P 3 3 ä h h h h x aopo>KHbix ycaoBHÜ h n o a y - HHTb pacHeaiHbiiM inyTOM aaBHCHMOcrb ÄeH'CTBHTeÄbHoft THroBoft ch - Äbl OT ÄCHCTIBHTeÄbHOH CKOpOCTH ÄBH/K6HHH.

Ä ä h HOCTpOÖHHH THTOBOH ÄHarpaiMMbl iHeOÖXOÄHMO HMeTb x a paKTepHCTHKy ÄBHraTeÄH — 3aiBHCHMOCTb «p y T H m e ro MOMeHTa M e o t y ra o B o fl c K o p o c r « coe. A o ä jk h h öbiTb 'H3BecTbbi nepeaaTOH - Hble HHCÄ3 i K , io, IMeXaHHneiCIKHH K.n.Ä. TpaiHCMHCCHH T|ra H CBOÖOÄ- Hbifl paÄHiyc K oaeca ro.

no 4>opMyÄaM

p M eiKiorm ^ <.v r0

onpeaeÄHiM 3aBhchm o c tb TeoperoH ecKoft th to b o h c h ä h Po o t reo- peTHqeoKOH o k o p o c th abh jkbihhh aBTOMOÖHÄH v 0. Fpai})HqecKH 3Ta 3aiBHCHMOCTb MO>KCT ÖbiTb HpeÄCTaBÄeHa B BHÄC KpHBOH ü ü nepBO- ro KBaÄpaHTa (pHc. 1 ).

K a K HaBecTiHO, Ä a e n a n aaiBHCHMOCTb x a p a K T e p H s y e T T y T H r o B y w

C H Ä y , K O T O p y iO M O JK eT paaB IH Tb 3© T0M O Ö HÄ b n p H yCÄO BH H O TC yT-

ctibhh n o r e p b H a K a w e H H e h öyK C O B a H H e .

B ÄCHCTiBHTeÄbHOCTH 3Ta B03MO>KHOCTb Orpab HHHBaeTCH HOTe- pHiMH H OnpeaeÄHeTCH (j)H3HHOCKHMH CBOHCTB3MH ÄOpOHCHOrO no- KpbiTHH (rpyH Ta). C uejibio yneTa Bcex norepb « nOÄyqeHHH aencT- BHTeÄb’HOH SaBIHCHMOCTH P K = f ( Vh) 'BO iBTOpOM KiBaApaHTe THrO- BOH ÄHarpaMMbl CTpOHT KpHBbie Tw = / ( P K) H 6 = f ( P K). ,

H a pHC. 1 3TH 33BHCHMOCTH B OÖmeM BHÄG npeACT3BÄeHbI KpH- BblMH Ob H Oc. Ä Ä H K O H K p eT H b lX yC ÄO B H H OHH MOryT Ö biTb nOÄy- q e H b i ähöo 3 K o n ep H M ö H T a Ä b H O , ähöo p a o n e T H b iM n y T e M [4], [5].

X a p a «T e p inpoTeKanhh KpBBbix ^ = / ( P K) h > = / ( P K) öyaeT pa3ÄHHeb ä ä h p a3 H u x a o p o K H b ix ycaoBHÜ. YKasaiHHoe o ö c t o h - TeabCTBO O O 3 B 0 Ä H T yHCCTb TBKÄte BÄHHHHe KaneCTBa ÄOpO/KIIOro noKpbiTHH Ha TflroBbie ciBOHcraa aBTOMOÖHan.

n o c r p o H B K p H B b ie r\K = f ( P K) h S = f ( P K), n o 3 a a a iH H O M y 3 n a -

q e H H io P K H a x o a H M i)K h V .

Hcnoabayn .bbipa>köhhh (3 ) h (5 ), onpeaeaneM TeopeTimecKyio

THroBiyio cnay P 0 h noTepn b 'BeÄymmx «o a e ca x P n. coot-

BeTCTBiyiomHe SHaneHHHM P K , t;k h V . n o BeaHqHHe TeapeTm e-

CKOÜ THTOBOH CHÄbl P g B flepBOM KB3ÄpaHTe (pH'C. 1, KpHBaH üü)

onpeÄeÄHeM TeapenmecKyio CKopocTb vQ. cooTBCTCTByiomyio bcbm

BeÄHAHHaM, iHaftÄebHbrM pamee. tto (JiopMyae

v * = v o ( ! — v )

onpeÄeÄHeM sHaneHHe ÄCHCTBHTeÄbHOH ckopocth äbhjkghhh aBro-MOÖHÄH.

npoaeaaiB t3mhm oöpaaoM pacmet bo :bc©m ÄHanaaoHe P K , Po « Vo, ctpohm KpHByio noTepb b BeaymHx KOÄecax Ok b nepBOM kb3- apaiHTe (pnc. 1). AHaaH3HpyH Bbipa»ceHHH (3) h (5), mojkho bh- aeTb, hto c yfteÄHqoBHeM öyKCOBaHHH ohh>kaencH 3HaqeiiHe k.h.ä. h, CÄeaoBaTCÄbHO, iBO3pacTai0T noTepH b BeaymHx Koaecax.

KpoMe roro , onuTa'MH ycraHOBÄeno [5], h to yBeaHneHHe THroBoft CHÄbl BbI3bI/3aeT CHH5K0HHe Kjn.Ä. H HapaCTaHHe ÖyKCOBaHHH. VBe- ÄHneHne ckopocth OHHacaer »KaneHHe THroBoft chäu, a BiMecre c 3thm yMeHbrnaercH k.o.ä. h BOBpacxaiOT noTepn Ha KaqeHae.

Ecäh b oÖÄacrH MaMCHMaÄbHbix snaqeHHH th toboh chäh P k noTepn oöycaoiBähbaiotch OMpyHinoft Äe^opMauneft uihhh, t o c yßeÄHqeHHeM ckopocth noTepn B03pacTai0T 3a cneT paanaabHofl Aei^op'MauHH h paaHaÄbHbix KOÄeöaKnft utH.Kbi npH Bbixoae noCÄea- Heö H3 30HbI KOHTaKTa.

CorÄaciHO CKa3aiHaoMy Bbime h BbipaaceHHio t(5), KpHBan noTepb P n = f { v o) ÄOÄHcHa npoTeKaTb täk , Kax inoKaaaHO Ha pnc. 1 (KpK- BaH Ok). noÄyqeHHbie KpHBbie P 0= f ( v 0) <n P n = f ( v 0) noaeoaHioT nepeÜTH k nocTpoeHHio pacneTHOH aeHCTBHTeÄUHOH 33bhchmocth PK —f ( Vk ) - r

H a pnc. 1 onpesoK v 0 d ' cooTBercTuyeT b onpeÄeÄeHHOM ;>iac-

mxaöe BeÄmiHne noTepb P n . CaeÄOBaTeÄbiHo, OTpeaoK d 'd ' HBÄHeT

CH aeftcTiBHTeÄBHOH THroBoft CHÄOH P lc ib tom sce M acuiTaöe, HTO

h P n 3 t o aaeT boqimohchocTb nocrpoHTb b KoopaHHaTax P K vK KpHByiO aefiCTBHTeÄbHOH 3 äB HC HM OCTH P K = f (VK).

Ha pnc. 2 3Ta 3aBHCHM0CTb npeacTaBÄena kphboh a 'a ' (inep.Bufl KBaapaHT). TaM ace ääh cpaBHeHHH HaneceHa nyHKTnpoM 3äbh- CHlMOCTb Po = f(V o ). K a « iBHÄHO H3 pHCyHKa, ÄeHCTBHTeÄbHaH 3a- BHCHMOCTb P K = f (V K) CMemeHS (B OÖÄaCTb MÖHbHIHX CKOpOCTeft H MeHbmMx SHaaeHHH THiroßofl chäh. 3 to oßtHCHHercH tbm, hto no- Tepn «a nepeKaTbisaiHHe yMOHbrnaiOT THrosyio cnjiy P K , a cko- pocrb ÄBHJKeih'HH aiBTOMOÖHÄH OHH5K3eTCH IBCHGÄCTlBHe ÖyKCOBaHHH.

K poM e t o to , MaKCHMaÄbHoe 3HaneHHe P K TaK*e öyÄ eT orpaHH- nHBaibCH öyKCOBaHHeM BeÄym nx k o ä cc , t. e. <j)H3HqecKHMH cboA - CTB3MH aopoiHCHoro noKpHTHH (rpy iH Ta ).

18 ÄBTOMOÖMJIbHail npOMbllllJleHHOCTb M 1, 1962 r.

noayueHiHaa ÄeHCTBHTeabHaa 3 anncHMOCTb P K = f ( v K ) h o 3b o - aaeT rpatjjHMecKH an a a h 3 np ob a t b nanpoc ncnoabBOBaiHHa aeflcT- BHTeJibHoft t h t o b o h CHjibi Ha epeoÄoaeHHe BiiemKiix conpoTHBae-HHH.

n p H paBHoanepHOM inph m o jihHefih o m flBMHiaHHH aBTOMOÖHaa no ropH30HTaabHOMy yn acn cy oyTH i,n,eHCTßHTeabiHßH TaroiBaa c n a a Be- aymnx K oaec ö y a e T pacxoaoBaTbca Ha npeoÄoaeH H e cn ab i conpo- THiBaeHHa KaneHHio seaoMbix Koaec h cnabi canpoTHBaeHHfl B03- ayxa, t . e.

(6 )P* = Pf + P » -BeaoMbix koaec 'm o k g t SbiTb

(7>

C n a a conpoTH BaeH na KaneHHio o n p eaeaeH a « a «

P f — f G K,rae / — KoscjxjMUHaHT conpoTHsaeHHa KaueHHio;

G k — iBec, u pH xoaam H H C a n a BeaoM bie K oaeca.

OnpeaeaKB KOscjjcJimiHeHT f ib aa«ncHMOCTH o t c k o p o c th (61 h H C noabsya BbipaineHHe (7,), a TaKJKe B b ip ax aH n e a a a onpeaeae- 'Hna cnabi conpoTH BaeH na iBoaayxa

P ... =K F v l ( 1 - 5 ) 2

3,62(8 )

N , =(p'n + p'f + p'a ) v 'K

270

Q =g e - N .f

i l » 1 0 i ; o ( l - V )

rae Q — pacxoa ropioaero ib kz ,hia 100 km nyTH; ge — yaeabHbift paoxoa TonaHBa.

n p o a a a a a T aK H M o ß p a a o M p a c n e T b o b c o m a n a n a 3 0 H e O K o p o -

CTefi, CrpOHM B TpeTbOM KBaapaHTe (pHC. 2) 3aiBHCHM3CTbQ = / ( f «)•

B pesyabTaTe moayqaeTCH Taroaaa aHarpaMMa, KOTopaa no3BO- aaeT onpeaeaHTb Taroßbie OBoftcTBia aiBTOMOÖHaa, cnay conpoTKB- aeHna a'BH*eHmo, atjxJiaKTHiBHbiH pe*HM asHHceHina He to h m c o no MaKCHMaabHO'My anaaeHHio K.n.a. Beaymnx Koaec, h o c yneTOM lon-aHlBlHOH 3KOHOMHHHOCTH.

O aH aK o K eoßxoaH M o OTMeTHTb, h to 'noayH eH Haa a n arp aM M a n oc i'poe iia c yiero.M K.n .a. h öyiKcoßaHHa a a a o äh o po THna a o p o * - Horo inoiKpbiTHa. E c a n iHCnoabsosaTb 33bhchm octh rjK = f ( P K) h 3 = f ( P K) a a a p a a a Han bix aopo>KHbix noKpbiTHH, t o m ojkho noay- aHTb ö o a e e oöm y io T a ro B y io aH arpaM M y .

Ha pnc. 3 npeacTaiBaeHa TaKaa aHarpaMMa. Kan b h a h o H3 pH- cyHKa, ona no3iBoaaeT onpeaeaaTb Taroßue oBoflcrBa, TonnHBiryio

b nepBOM «BaapaiHTe (pnc. 2) m o jk h o nodpoH Tb öaaaHe compo- THBAÖHIHH P f H P w («pHBbie Ob H O c ).

H oayneH 'H aa, t3ikhm oöpaaoiM , T a ro B a a a n a rp a M M a noaHOCTbio xapaK TepH 3yeT aeflcTBHTeabHbie a a ra B b ie KanecTBa aBTOMOÖHaa c yneTOM K .n .a. B eaym H x «o a e c . Ecan H an ecra b o b to p o m «B a a p a H - Te (pHC. 2) KpHBbie % = / ( P K) H 6 = / ( P K)< TO M0*110 He TOab- ko xapaK TepH 30BaTb T aroßb ie K a iecT B a aiBTOMOÖHaa, ho h b liö h - paT b n a iiö o a e e a^x^eKTHBHbiH p e * H M aiBHJKeBHa. KpoMe t o to , n o - ayneHHbie saBHCHMOCTH aa io T BoaMOKiHOCTb onpeaeaH T b TonaHB- hyio SKOHOMHHHOCTb aiBTOMOÖHaa.

yaHTbiBaa, h to 3<J)4)eKTHBHaa iMomsocTb aBHraTeaa pacxoayeT- ca Ha npeoaoaeHHe cna conpoTHBaeHna b TpaHCMHCCHH, Beaymnx K oaeca«, BeaoiMbix Koaecax h cnabi conpoTHBaeHna iBOsayxa, b neT- BepTOM KBaapaiHTe (p »c. 2) cnpoHM KpwByio oyMMapHux norepb P s = P n + P f + P m B 3a«WCHMOCTH OT OKOpOCTH. OpUHHaTa 3T0H

KpnBOH npeacTaßaaeT c o ö o h BeannHiHy cyMMapHUix noTept Ha KaneiiHe b coorBercxByiomeM MacniTaöe.

ü o aaaaHHOMy SKaneHHio CKopocTH vK onpeaeaaioT sean'iHHy

noTepb Ha KaneHae P a h ino (JiopMyae

(9 )

on p e a e a a io T MouiHocTb, 3arpanHiBaeiMyio Ha n peoaoaeH H e Bcex cn a conpoTH BaeH na.

3 n a a M oiHH ocrb N j h on peaeaH B n o (BeanaHHe vK cooTBeiCT-

Byiom ee 3HanenHe ö ', moacnnTbiBaeiM Tona«B.H yio 3kohom hhhoctb no 4>opMyne

SKOHOIMHHHOCTb H O^ljieKTHBHblH pe*H M HBH/KeKHa B pa3aHHHbIlX aopoaaibix ycaoBHaix: n o TBepaoft (/ ) h im hokoh (2 ) ranne h no neoKy ( 3 ) . 3 to ocoöeHHo neHHO ® aa oneuHaabHbix Mamnu.

B c e npHBeaeHHbie iBbirne BbipaiKSHHa cmpaiBenanBU ne xoabKO b c a v a a e ÄBHmeHHH aiBTOMOÖHaa c 'öyKCo.BaHHeM.

Ecan öyKCOBaHHe 6 = 0 , t o s t h Bbipa*eHH a ocTaioTca anpaßea- aHBbi'MK h yaiHTbiBaioT noTepn ToabKO n a nepeKaTbiBaHHe. Caeao- B a r e a b H o , h TaroBaa anarpaM M a b s t o m c a y n a e noaywHTca c y n e -

t o m noTepb ToabKO H a KaaeHHe.TaKHM oÖipa30M, Bce OKasaHHoe ßbirne no3BoaaeT nOÄTBepa.HTb

HeoöxoÄHiMOCTb pa3Aeabboro yneTa inoxepb Ha KaneiiHe b BeaoMbix h BeaymHx Koaecax h caeaaTb b u b o ä , h t o yneT KjnjÄ. BeayiHHx K o a e c n o 3 iB o a a e r noaynHTb pacnerHHM nyTeM 'ÄeHCTBHTeabHyio 3a- BHCHlMOCTb P k = { ( v k ) -

JW T E P A T V P A

(10)

1. M y j a x o b

2. K y a h k o ib Ns i i , 1958.

3. K y a h « o b Ns 9, 1959.

4. K a o H K o a Ns 7, 1961.

5. K a o n k o b Ns 4, 1961

6. T o a b fl B.

E. A., TeopHH aiBTOMOÖHaa, MamnH3, 1950.H. K., «M sBecTH H AK aaeM H H HayK C C C P»

H. K., « A b t o m oönabiHaa

B. H., «ABTOMOÖHabHiaa

B. H., «I43BeCTHH By30B.

B. h Ö a j i b K e s H S B.pyKHHH h pacneT aBTOMOÖHaa. Marnrna, 1957.

npoM bimaeiiHOCTb»

npOMbim aeHHOCTb»

M a ui HnocTpo eil h e »

C., TeopH H, KOHCT-

B H H M A H H K ) H H T A T E J I E f t !

20— 23 H onßpn c. z. e M o c K e e c o c to u tc h V I B cecoto3H an KoncpepenguH n o n o p o u iK o e o ä M eraA A ypzuu , co3bi8aeM an H T O M a tu n p o n a u H h c t u t ijto m MeraAAOKep ü m u k u u cnei^cnAü-

o o e Ä K u d eM uu h ü ijk y C C P .

TcM bi KOHcpepenmiu CAedyiom ue:

1. T e o p u n n p o u e c c o e n o p o u iK o e o ü M eraAAypzuu.

2. IIp o u 3 8 o d c T 8 o nopoM K O e u M eraAAOKepaMunecKux u3dcAuü ö a h oöu^ezo M a u iu m - c rp oe n u H u npu öopocrpoeH U H .

3. T e e p d b ie cnAaebi, ry z o n A a e m e u OKaponpoHHbie coed u n en u a u M arepuaAbi co cne - yuaAbHbiMu ceo ü cre a M u .

3 ü a b k u na y n a cru e e KOHibepeHyuu npocUM HanpasAHTb e H T O M a u in p o M a n o a d pecy :

M o c k b ü , E . le o K a c c K u ä nep., 7.O P T K O M H T E T

JVs 7, 1962 r. AßTOMo6HjibHan npoMbiuuieHHocTb 19

P a u H O H a j i b H o e H c n o j i b 3 0 B a H H e c i j e n H o r o B e c a n p H T O p M o a c e H H H

A. C. BPblKOB, K aH fl. TexH . H a y x B. r. P03A H 0B

HAMH

Ä E H C T B H E TOpMOäHOH CHCTeMbl aBTOMOÖHJIH ÄÖÄJKHO 0U6HH- «aTbCH 'no BejiHHMHe ’MajccHiMajibHoro aaiMeaaeHHH h no Be-

ÄHHHHe MHHHIMajIbHOro TC»piM03H0r0 nyTH.M aK CH M ajibH oe 3aM eAaeH He onpemejiHeT, «acK oabK O aijHjieKTHß-

Hbi TopM03Hbie MexaiiHTMbi, a TopMoaHofi nyTb o u eh u saeT 3({)cj)eK- THBHOCTb ÄeftCTBIHH K3IK T0pM03HbIX IMeXaftHSMOB, TaK H TOpM03- H oro inpHBO.ua BMeCTe B3HTHX.

Oanoft H3 aauan n o yayuuieHH io ipaöoTbi T0pM030B aBTOMoöHaeft n oöeaneneHHio paBHOMepHoro noTOKa ÄBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHJibHoro TpaiHonopTa hbähctch aocTHJKeHHe ajunaKOßbix m niiHMajibHbix T0pM03HbIX TiyTefi ÄJIH BC0X aBTOMOÖHÄeft H aßTOnOe3ÄOB IHe3aBH- CHMO OT IHX KOHCTlpyiKTHBHblX OCOÖOHKOCTeft H rpy3OnOÄbeMHOCTH.

BbrnojiHeHHH 3TOH a a aa n H mojkho ÄOCTHmyTb npH caeayiom Hix yCÄOBHHX: T0pM031Hble CHÄH Ha KajKAOH OCH aBTOMOÖHÄH HÄH aiB-x o n o e s a a iaoajkhh iMaKCMMaabHo npHÖÄH'KaTbCH k chäa m cuen - äöhhh KOÄec c ä o p o ro ft n p n cym ecTByiom eM 3HaneHHH K03t[)(j)nuH- eKTa onenÄeHHH; ®peMH cpaöaTbrBaHHH n pH B o aa k TopM03aM a o a - JKHO ÖbiTb IMHHHMaÄbHbUM, T. e. UpHiBOÄ Ä0ÄJK6H ÖbiTb ÖblCTpOÄeft- CTlByiOmHM ()KeÄaTeÄbHO, HTOÖbl BpeMH CpaÖaTblBaHHH ÖblÄO n pn - ÖÄH3HTeÄbiH0 paiBHO TOMmy «y a a p H o r o » uajKaTHH Ha nenaJib, t . e. 0,2 c e K ) .

ripHMeHeHHe T0pM03HblX M0XaKH3MOB, paCCHHTaHHblX n o MaKCH- MaÄbHOMy 3HaneH'Hio K03<Jx})HuneHTa cneriÄeiiHH, npHBeaeT k TOMy, HTO npH nOCTOHHHOM COOTHOUieHHH T0pM03'HbIX CHÄ ÖyaeT pa3H0- tpeM eHKaH ÖÄOKHpOBKa K0A6C n o OCHIM H3-3a HSMeHeH'HH CHÄ bl cuenÄeHHH Konec c äoporo ft. HaMeHaHHe chäh cuenÄeHHH nponc- xoäht npn H3MeHeHHH Harpy3KH bbtomoöhäh h ot AHHaMHnecKoro nepepaonpeaeaeuH H cn en n oro ß eca M e jxay ochmh npH TopMOJKe-HHH.

CxpeMÄeHHe noayuHTb BbicoKHe aaMeaaeHHH n p « nocTOHHHOM COOTHOIUeHHH TOp'M03HbIIX CHÄ MejKÄy OCHMH IipiHBOÄHT K' HeueaeCO- oöpaanoM y yBeÄHneHHio p a a M ep o « T0pMO3Hbix MexaHH3MOB.

3(})({)ÖKTHBHOCTb TopMOJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH H aBTOnOe3Äa B Ue-äom, häh OTÄCAbHbiix e ro oceft, y a o ö h e e ß cero oueHHoaTb KOSKjuJw-UHeHTÖM 3l|l(|)eKTHBiHOCTH TOpMO/KCIIHH q , paBHbiM ÄÄH OCH OTHO- UieHHK) nOJIHOft TOPM03HOÜ CHÄbl OCH, ffieftCTByiOIUeft iM ejKÄy KOÄe- caM H h ä o p o ro ft, k ß ecy , inpHxoaHiueMycH Ha a a H H y io ocb.

yCÄOBHe nOÄyHeKHH MaKCHMaÄbHOft 3(J)(J)eKTHBHOCTH TOpMOJKe- >HHH OÄHOBpeMeHHo IHa Bcex OCHX BbipajKaeTCH paBeHCTBOM

Pl PiGl ÖUH g 2 ÖUH

rae Pi\ P 2; P iG/ duH

= q\ = qi = ■■■= qi = ? . 0 )

G l duHt G 2 qu h \ G i g Un~

q r, q i , q%

Gl düH — G l cm + qG‘■g

1 cm

rae G i cm h G 2 cm — aec cooTBeTCTBeHHo Ha mepeÄHeft h 3aÄHefl OCH IB CTaTHHeCKO'M coctohhhh;

a, b — KoopÄHHaTbi peHTpa THjKecTH cooxBercT- bchho äo nepepHeft h saaneft oceft;

h g — ßbicoTa HeHxpa THacecTH. y aBTOMoöHaeft THna 3HJI-164 b ripyaceHOM coctohhhh npn Bbi

coTe ueHTpa THJKecTH /ig = 1200 mm h 3aMeaÄeHHH / = 6 M /ceK2 (<7=0,6) ouenHoft eec Ha 3a'Ä‘Heft och yMeHbiuaeTCH c 6015 äo 4550 Ke (Ha 2 4 % ). a Ha mepeaneft och y ß eahhhbaexcn c 2110 äo 3575 Ke (n a 7 0% ).

PaortpeaeaeHHe cuenHoro ßeca no ochm b cTaTHnecKOM coctohhhh cocTaiBÄneT nipn nojihoft Harpy3Ke 26 h 74%, a npn TopMO/Ke- hhh c 3aMeaÄeHHeM 6 M/CeK2 — 44 h 56%. Taxoe H3MeHeHHe Ha- npy30K no ochm äoääho oÖH3aTeabH0 ynHTbiBaTbCH npn ßbiöope COOTHOHleHHÜ TOPM03HHX CHÄ.

n p H pa3ÄHHiHbIX 3HaneHHHX BbICOTbl ueH Tpa THJKeCTH T3KJKe H3Mei-JHIOTCH COOTHOUieHHH 'HOpMaÄblHblX peaKUHÜ B SaBHCHMOCTH OT HHTeHCHiBHOCTH TOp'MOJKeHHH, HO He TaK 3HaUHTeÄbH0, KaK npH H3MeH6HHH Haupy3KH aBTOMOÖHÄH.

Be3 HanpysKH ipaonpeaeaeHue cuenHoro Beca no ochim opu Top- M0JK6HHH HSMeKueTCH b MeHbiueft CTeneHH, new rpy jK eH oro aBTO- moöhäh. HanpHMep, Ha nepeaHeft och cuenHoft Bec npH 3aMeaae- hhh 6 m/cpk2 yBeaHUHBaeTCH ToabKo ua 30%.

Em e b öoabiueft CTeneHH HSMeHHeTCH oec Ha ochix mpu TOpMO«e- hhh a®yxocHoro npuuena THina JIA3-729.

npH TOpMOJKeHHH C 3<(3(})eKTHBHOCTbIO <7 = 0,6 B TpyJKeHOM COCTOHHHH ua napeanioio ocb npitxoAHTCH 75% oöiuero Beca, a « a 3aa- hkuo 25%, t . e. nepeaHHe TapM03a äoäjkhh ÖbiTb b 3 pa3a cHÄb- nee 3aaHHx. Bes rpy3a paonpeaeaeHHe Beca npH TopMouteuHH c 3aMeaaeHHeM 6 m/cpk2 cooTBeTCTayeT 67,5% oöiuero Beca Ha ue- peaHioio ocb h 32,5% na 3aaHK3io.

A äh AByxocHbix npnuenoB c noaoÖHbiM pacnpeaeaeHHeM Beca xapaKTepbbiM hbähctch to , hto cooTHOiueHHe iBecoB Ha ochx npn TopMo>KeHHH msäo HSMCHHeTCH ääh rpyiKenoro h ,Herpyu<eHoro coctohhhh.

EopM03HHe chäh Ha Koaecax mepeaneft och P\ h saaneft och P 2 onpeaeÄHioTCH H3 Bbipa/Keimfi:

T o p M 0 3 i ib ie chäh, a e H C T B y io m H e M e m a y

a o p c r o f t h iK o a e c a M H c o o T B e T C T B y io u iH x

o c e f t ;

iHopiMaabHbie peaiKunn, aeftcTByioiuHe Ha K oaeca cooTBeTCTByioiuHx oceft, c yneTOM ÄH'HamhhecKoro n epepacn peaeaeu H H Beca HpH TOpMOJKeHHH;

■ K03(J)(J>HUHeHTbI 34>4>eKTHBHOCTH TO pM O /Ke-

ihhh oTaeabHHix oceft;<p — Koa^HjiHUHeHT cpenÄeuHH, cooTBeTCTByio-

iuhh ö ao K H p o b a hhoMy K oaecy.

Ecäh 3to y c a o B H e c o Ö Ä io a a e T C H a a n a c e x sH a n eH H ft kosiJhJihuh- e H T a c u e n a e H H H cp, to a o c T f t r a e T C H oähobpcme u H a h ö a o K H p o B K a

K o a e c © c e x o c e f t H a a i o ö b i x a o p o r a ix , uto o ö e o n e n H B a e T noayueHHe 3 a M e a a e H H H , M a K C H M a a b H o bo3mojkihoto n o y c a o B H H M cu e n a e H H H .

yCTOHHHIBOCTb aBTOlMOÖHÄH npH TOpMOHCeHHH B CÄynae BbinOÄ- HeHHH ycÄOBHH OÄHOBpeMeHlHOCTH ÖÄOKHpOBKH Koaec Bcex oceft nOBhimaerCH TOM, uro BOÄHTeab MOHCeT 33TOpM03HTb aBTOMOÖHÄb c öoaee bbicokhm aaMeuaeKHeM a o Hauaaa öäokhpobkh Koaec Ka- KOÜ-ÄHÖO OCH.

J.Iäh onpeaeaeiiH H HeoöixOÄHMbix T0pMO3Hbix chä npn pa3ÄHn- Hbix aHaneHHHx KoacJi^HUHeHTa cuenaeHHH u eoöxoaH M o yuHTbiBaTb HBMeHeiiHe c u e n n o ro Beca Ha ochx npn TopMoueeuHH.

HopM aabH bie peaKUHH npu t o p mo>k©khh ääh ÄByxocH ofi noBOSK.i onpeaeuHioTCH U3 ypaBiieHHft;

h .

8P\ — q • Gi Cm-\- q2 Gi cm —— ;

Pi = q • Gicm — qiGi,

(3)

(3')

G l dun — G ie r n — q G i c:n >

(2 )

(2 ')

H a pnc. 1 npHiBeaeHbi jiapaöoÄHneoKHe KpHBue onTHMaabiioro H3MeHCHHH TopMosibbix chä Ha K o aeca x nepeaHeft P\ h 3aaHeft P 2 OCH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT 3(J)(j)eKTHBHOCTH TOpMOHCeHHH q ÄÄH ÄByX-ooH oro npHuena THna JlA3-7£>9 c noaHoft Hanpy3Koft.

KpHBbie HaeaabHbtx Top.M03Hbix chä P i h P2 onpeaeaniOT rpaHH- Ubl ÖÄOKHpOBKH KOÄeC HpH TOpMOHieHHH, ÄO KOTOpbIM MOJKHO Onpe- aeaHTb iMaKOHiMaabHbie TopM03Hbie chäu h HeoöxoÄHMbie xapaKTe- pHCTHKH TOpM03'hbIX CHCTeM.

KpHBbie onTHMaÄbHoro HSMeHeHHH MaKCHIMaabHblX TOpM03HbIX CHÄ no OCHM MOJKHO HOCTpOHTb KaK no ypaBHeHHHM (3) H (3 '), TaK i! rpatjwuecKH.

noayneHHe oa«OBipeMeHHoft öäokhpobkh Koaec nepeaHeft h 3aa- ueft oceft npu TopMOJKeHHH ua aoiporaix c pa3ÄH>iHbiMH 3HaueHHHMH K034>4>HUHeHTa cuenaeHHH bosmojkho b caynae, ecau cooTHOiueHHe T0PM03HHX CHÄ, pa3BH!BaeMbIX T0plM03HbIMH 'Mexa«H3MaMH, B 3aiBH- CHMOCTH OT «HTeHCHBHOCTH TOpMOJKeHHH ÖVÄeT H3MeHHTbCH npO- nopuHouaabHO cooxHouieHHio uaeaabiibix TopM03Hbrx chä.

CoBpeMeHHbie aBTOMOÖHÄH, «a x npaßnao, HMeiOT nocTOHHHoe co- OTHomeHHe TopM03Hbix chä Ha ochx, KOTopoe He peryaHpyeTCH npn H3MeneHHH uarpy3KH Ha ochx.

COOTHOUieHHH TOpM03HbIX CHÄ OÖbMHO BblÖHpaiOTCH HO CÄeÄyiO- meft MeTOÄHxe.

n o 3 aa a «H o ft BeaHUHHe M axcH M aabH oro 3aM eaaeHHH ääh n o a - HOCTbio npyjK eH oro aBTOMOÖHÄH c yneTOM inepepacnpeaeaeH H H Bec a npH TopMOJKeHHH OHpeiaeaHIOT HeOÖlXOÄHMbie TapM03Hbie CHÄbl Ha ochx. H n o r a a ääh HCKaioneitHH npejKaeBpeMeHHoft öäokhpobkh ynpaBÄHeMbix K oaec ucKyccTBeHHO chhjk3K)t TOpMosHbie chäh n a nepeaH H x K oaecax .

H a rpaijiHKe HaeaabH biK KpiiBbix T0pM03Hbix chä (pnc. 1) Ton- kh A h ß onpeaeaniOT 3HaneiiHH topmo3hhx chä, KOTopbie oöeone-

20 A BTO M oO n jibH äa npoM b iu ijieH H O C tt ■N» 1 , 1962 r.

q»BaiOT 3aMeaaeHHe 7 mjcen2. Hpn stom inocTOHHHce cooTHomeHHe

TOP'MOSHbliX CHJI n ep e fflH H X IH 3aaH.HX TO piM 030B -----— = 3 ,6 7 .Pq

üpHM bie OA h OB noKa3biBaioT H3MeHenne TopMoaHbiix ch ji b 3a®HCiHM0CTH o t ycnaHH, npH jiaraeM oro k topm oshoh netaaaH, inpHHöM npsiMaa OA paonojio jK eH a Bbiuie HaeaabHOM kphboh Top- M03HbIX CHJI inepeÄHHX TOpiMO30B, a npSTMaa OB — HHIKe HÄeaJIb- HOH KpH'BOH T0pM03HbIX CHJI ßa/IHWX TOpM030B. ÜpH TaKOM HOCTO-

P, P2KZ

3200

2800

2000

2000

1600

1200

800

000

— iA

4i

J

i/ Pi

P<\8

0,1 02 0.3 0.0 0,5 0.6 q

20 00 60 80 Q %

P h c . 1. HaMOHeiiHH TopMoaHbtx chji Ha Koaecax nepeaH efi h 3aAHefl oceii B 33.BHCH'MOCTH OT 3 (JhJ)6KTIHB H 0 CT H TOpMOJKeHHH.

HHHOM COOTHOHieHHH TOpM03HbIX CHJI H JIIößOM 3'HaHeHHH K03(J)4>H- HHOHTa cuenjieH'Hii nepBbiMH ö y a y T öaoK n poB aT bca K ojieca n e p a a - Heft OCH.

M t o ö h inojiyqHTb 3aiMeauieHHe, cooTBeTCTByiomee aioöoMy 3Ha- « chmo K03(t)i})HHHeHTa ctienaeHHH ( t . e. noaHoe Honoab30BaHHe cuenHoro ßeca ao Hanaaa öaoKHpoBKH K oaec), iHeoöxoaHiMO Top- M03Hbie cnabi Ha Koaeca.x 3aiaHeft och noaHHTb ao 3Ha«eiiHH nae-

P\ o c - SSÜ&3aabHbtx T0ipiMO3Hbiix cna. B 3toim caynae npn —— = 3,0/ Top-

PqMoaHbie cnabi Ha K o a e c ax inepeaeeii och HaiMHoro mpeBbicHT 3Hane- h h h «a e a a b H b ix TQpMOSHbix c h j i, h to npHBeaeT k öaoacHipoBKe Koaec nepeaH eft och 3 H a «H T e ab «o p an bu ie , neM ö yaeT aocTnnHyTO MaKCHMaabHO B03M0>KH0e no ycaoBHHM ciienaeHHH 3aM eaaeHHe.

H a pnc. 1 noKa3aHa 30Ha öao- k h p obk h nepeaHHx Koaec (3a- niTpHXOBaHa), onpeaeaeHHan aan caynan, Koraa TopM03Hbie cnabi Ha Koaecax 3aaHeft och H3MeHa- io tch no HaeaabHoft k phboh .

K po M e t o to , npn nocTOsiHHOM COOTHOHieHHH T0PM03HHX CHa He oöecnenH BaeTca n p o n o p u H o n aab - HocTb M e * a y ycnaneM Ha m a m a ■aa TopM oanyio n a a a a b Q h eeaa - HHHOÜ 3aM eaaeHHH j .

H a pnc. 2 KpHBaa a noKa3H- BaeT 3aBHCHM0CTb Mescay ycnan- eM iia>KaTHn h BeaHHHHoft 3aMea- aeHHH npn nOCTOHHHOM COOTHO- ineHHH TopM03Hbix cna, a npa- Man 6 — npn HaeaabHOM c o o t - HomeHHH. TaK, HanpHMep, npn HaeaabHOM cooTHomeHHH 3aMea- aeHHe 3 M/cen2 Ha aopore c ko - 3(Ji4)HUHeHTOM cnenaeHHH qp=0,3

aocTnraeTCH npn 43% ycnana Ha/Karan Ha neaaab, a c h o c to h h -HblM COOTHOUieHHÖM --- inpH 74% .

PaooMaTpMBaH rpa^nnKH, H3o6pa>KeH,Hbie Ha pnc. 1 h 2, mojkiio oTMeTHTb, h to MaKCHMaabHO B03M0>KHbie 3aMeaaeHHH 5; 6 H 7 M fcen2 'aocTHra.ioTcsi nipn cooTBencTByiomnx K03(J)4»mHeHTax cuenaemiH opn oaHOM h tom » e imhkchimaabHom ycnaHH Ha Top- M03H0Ö ineaaan. PaaHHiia ;b topm o ik öh hh x 3aKaK>Haerca b tom , h to Ha aoporax c KoatJnjiHUHeHTOM ciienaeHHH <p=0,5 h 0,6, öaoKnpy-

5 j M/ce/c

0 0,1 0.2 02 0.0 Q.S 0,6 cp

P h c . 2. MsMeHeHHe 3aM eaaehhh aiBTöMOÖHan o t ycnaHH Ha inewaan npH h octohhhom ( a ) h nepeMeHHOM (6 ) c o o t- HO'HieHHH TOpM03HbIX CHJI Ha

OCHX.

iotch mepfibiMH nepeaHne Koaeca, a na aopore c cp = 0,7 nponcxo- anT oaHOBpeMeHHan öaoKHipoBKa scex Koaec.

HenpanoipuHOHaabHoe H3MöHeHHe E^aHHHHbi 3aMeaaeHHH no yciia'Hio Ha neaaaH CHHiKaeT HiyiBCTBHTeabHOCTb b ympaiBaeHHH Top- MOBäMH HlpH fflßHJKeHHH HO aOPOraM C pa3aHHHbIM HOKpblTHÖM, HTOnpHBoanT « npejKaeBpeMeHHOH öaoKHpoBKe xoaec aBTOMOÖHaa h noTepe ycTOHHHBocTH h ynpaBaaeiMOCTH.

O pn nOCTOHHHOM COOTHOHieHHH TOpM03HbIX OHa Heab3H JlOay- HHTb IMaKCWMaablHO B03M0HCHyi0 3(})(J)eiKTHBHOCTb TOp'MOHieHHfl Öe3 öaoKiipoBKH Koaec KaKOH-anöo och, KpoMe Toro, HapyinaeTCH npo- nopuHOHaabiiocTb Meaiay ycnaneM HamaTHa Ha TopiM03Hyio neaaab H HHTeHCHBHOCTbK) TOipMOHCeHHH.

n pn peryanipoBaHHH topmoshoh cnabi aBTOMOÖHan b 3aBHCitMO- CTH OT H3IMeHeHHH CTaTHHÖCKOTO BeCa aBTOMOÖHaa OTHOHieHHe Top- mo3hoh cnabi Ha Bcex Koaecax aBTOMOÖHaa k MaKCHMaabHofi Top- MQ3Hoii CHae aoaiKHo H3MeHHTbca ib npeaeaax

, , . ®cm min6 = I -T- _ ,

r a e G cm min h G cm max — noaH bie o e ca n op oa tn ero h noa-

HOCTbio rpya teH oro aBTOMOÖHaa.

C taT.H'HecKoe perya»poBaHHe TopMoanofi cnabi b yKaaaiHHbix npeaeaax ibosmoikho anöo c noMouibio peryaaTopa, ynpaBaaeMo- ro BoaiHTeaeM, aHöo c noMouibio aBTOMaTHHecKoro peryaaTopa.

nocKoabKy op n H3MeHe»HH narpy3KH aBTOMOÖHaa MeHaioTCa b 3'HaHHTeabHOH CTeneHH TaiOKe COOTHOHieHHH secoB Mexsay ochmh, to oaHOBpeMeHHo TpeßyeTca peryanpoBaTb cooTHomeHHH TopM03- Hbix cna M e*ay nepeaHeft h saaneft oohmh aaa pa3awH,Horo cocto- HHHa rpyaceHOCTH aiBTOMOÖnaa.

Oa'HOBpeMeHHyio öaoKHpOBKy Koaec ucex oceö aBTOMOÖHaa na nioÖHx aoporax imohcho inoayHUTb b tom caynae, Koraa TopiM03HHe cnahi Ha ocax peryaHpyiOTca He ToabKo npn H3iMeHeHHH CTaTHne- cKoii Harpy3KH, ho h b 3aBHCHiM0CTH ot aHHaMHHecKoro nepepac- npeaeaeHHa Beca, t . e. Koraa BunoaHaeTCH ycaoBHe

y = h u H , (4 )

rae X' — aeiicTBHTenbHoe cooTHouieHHe T0pM03Hbix c n a ;XguH — H eoöxoaH M oe aHHaMHHeaKoe cooTHouieHHe TopM 03Hux

cna.

3aBHCHMOCTb X gUH = f ( q ) o n p e a e a ae T c a H3 COOTHOHieHHH Hae- aabHbix TopM03'Hbiix cna na ocax

Kdunb -\ -qh g

a — qhg(5)

H3 (})opMyabi (5 ) BHano, « t o X g UH HSMeHaeTCa Toraa, Koraa MeHaiOTca KoopanHaTbi ueHTpa Taacec™ n0BO3KH, KOTopbie T a K *e h3>meHaioTCa b 3anHC«MOCTH o t pacnpeaeaeHHa CTaTHnecKOH Ha- rpy3KH npn pa3aH«Hbix coctohhhhx rpyaieHOCTH h hhtöhohib.hocth TOP'MOJKeHHH.

TaKHM 0lÖpa30M, B aHHaiMHHeCKOIM peryaHpOßaHHH TOplMOBHHX c n a HMeiOTCH Ta«>Ke saeMOHTbi CTaTHnecKoro peryanpoBaHHa, a HiMeHHo c noMombio CTaTHnecKoro peryanpoiBaHHa mohcho noay- HHTb yaoBaeTBopHTeabHyio npHcnocoöaaeMOCTb TopMOSHoft cncTe- MH K H3MeH0HHK) HaTpy3KH, OCOÖeHHO y H0B030K C aaHHHOH Öa- 30H H HH3KHM IieHTpOM THJKeCTH.

Ocym ecTBHTb a»Ha'M H«ec!Koe peryaH poB aH H e mpaKTHHecKH Tpya- Hee, neiM CTaTHneaKoe, tb k KaK awHaMHHecKHe p e ry a a T o p w aoa/KHbi aBTOM3THHeCKH H3'M0HaTb TopMOSHble CHabl Ha OCHX B 3aiBHCHMO- cth o t H3MeH6HHH Beca Han 3aMeaaeHHH.

I lo c K o a b K y CTaTH necK oe p e r y a n p o B a «H e y jr y H in a e T m ipoueec T o p - MOJKÖHHH mpH aHlHaiMHHeOKOM H3lMeHe,HHH H a rp y3 0 K IHa OCHX, TO a a a nonyneH H H x o ip o m e ro K a n ecrB a peryanpoB aiH H H oneH b bhikho, HTOÖbl nOCTOHHHbie COOTHOHieHHH T0pM03'HbIX CHJI RJIH CTaTHHe- C K oro p e rya H T O p a BbtÖHpaaHCb npaBHabHO.

O cH aBH oe T p e ö o B a .H H e k B b iö o p y X c m s a x a io H a e T C H b tom, hto- ö b i a a a o n p e a e a e H iH o r o a H a m a 3 0 ® a H 3 M eH eH H H H a r p y s K H n ipn T o p -

M O/KeiiHH n a a o p o r a x c a io ö b rM H O K p b iT H eM a o H a n a a a ö a o K H p o B -

kh K o a e c K a K O H -a w ö o och n o a y n H T b B ea H H H H y a a iM e a a e H H a , ö a H 3 -

K y io k B eaH H H H e 3 a iM e a a e iiH H n p n n o a H O M H c n o a b 3 0 B a H H H c a ie n - H o r o B e c a .

f la a SToro onpeaeaaeTCH MaKCHMaabHO B03M05KHaa BeaHHHHa K034>(j)HHHeHTa 3$(j)eKTHBHOCTH TOipMOMceHHH q aBTOMOÖHaa a o Ha- naaa ö a okhpoibkh K oaec KaiKofi-aHöo och npn Ka/KaoM 3Ha«eHHH (p, c Hcnoab30BaiHHeM ypaBHeHHH (2 ) , (2 ') h Bbipa>KeHHH oöm ei* T0PM03H0H cn au .

JV» 7, 1962 r. ABTOMOÖHJlbHaH npOMbllUJieHHOCTb 21

MaKCHMajIbHO B03MOJKHa.H IBejIHHHHa K03(|x})HHHeHTa StflcfieKTH'B- HOCTH TDDMOKeHHa ÄJIH 3Haq0HHH f f< (p o , T. e. KOrÄa nepBhIMH ÖAOKiipyioTCH KOJieca inepejineü o c h , ,

tpb( 1 + h m )

(6)

äjih 3HaHeHHfi cp>cpo, t . e. K orÄ a inepßbiMH önoKsipyiorcH Ko.ieca 3aÄHeft o c h ,

q =<fd (1 - f - \Cm)

L + 9 h g (1 + h m )(6 ')

rÄ e (po — KoaffxJiHUHCHT ciienAeHHH, n pn k o to pom ÖAOKirpyiOTCH KOJieca B c e x oceft.

Ä A H OIieHKH TOPMO3H0H CHCTeMbi aBTOMOÖHÄH C TÖ4KH 3peHHH ITipaBHÄbHOCTiH IBblÖOpa COOTHOHieHHH T0pM03IHbIK CHÄ X cm HpHlMe- HHeM K03t))<}>HIlHeHT K , paBHblft OTHOUieHHIO M3KCHMaÄbH0 B03M0JK- HÖTO 3HaHeHHH K03(j>(j5HlI1HeHTa 3Cj)Cj)eKTHBHOCTH TOpMOJKeHHH q, B3HTOTO ÄO Haqa.'ia ÖACMCHpOBÄHUH K0Ä6C KaKOH-ÄHÖO OCH, K COOT- BercTByiomeMy 3HaqeHHio K03<Jx}>HUHeHTa cueiuienHH cp, t. e.

K9

(7)

Ko3(J>(j)HHHeHT K MOJKHO HaSBaTb K03(J)C|)HUH6HTOM npHCnOCOÖAH- 0MOCTH TOpMOOHOH CHCTeMbi K HBMeHeHHK) B0Ca Ha OCHX, TaK KaK oh onpeAeÄHCT cren eH b nonoab3oiba'HHh c iienH oro Beca a o öaokh - pOBKH KOÄec aiBTOMOÖHÄH ITpH CTO TOpMOJKeHHH.

Koo4)'4)HHHeHT npBCinocaÖÄHeMocrH K onpeAeÄHeTCH H3 Bbipa- JKeHHH (6 ) H ( 6 ' ) .

Ä A H 3HaneHHH <Po

K " =

(1+ 1 « » )

' - T‘ a ( 1 + ~ d r )

a (1 + ^cm)

L - ( - f h g (1 h m )

(8 )

(8 ')

H a pnc. 3 HpHiBeAeHa 3aiBHCHiMOCTb cooTHomeHHH HAeaAbHbix TOpM03HHX CHÄ XgnH <>T #4>eKTHlBHOCTiH TOpMOJKeHHH ÄÄH aBTOMOÖHÄH THna 3HJI-164 mpn pa3AHqHoft rpyjKeHocrH. nocTOHHHbie

COOTHOHieHHH T0pM03HbIX CHÄ

1.1

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

om

Q

'///w v

77A 1 1 3 .

------------ m

V A 6

i

\11

1,11

0,73

7 0.1 0,2 OJ OM 0,5 0,6 q

P h c . 3. 3aBHCHM0CTb c o o th o - UieHHH HAeaAbHbix T0pM03HbIX CHÄ h u H OT 3(J)4)eKTHBH0CTH

TOpMOJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH:/ — HerpyaceHoro; 2 — 1 Hanojio- BHHy rpyxceHoro; 3 — noJiHOCTbio rpyjKeHoro; <x — ÖJiOKHpoBKa ne- peAHHx KOJiec; 6 — ÖJioKHpOBKa

33AHHX KOJieC.

^■öuh — f ( q ) h npHMoft Xcm «axoAHAacb, npHMepHo, nocepeAHHe AHainaaoHa BO3M0j»Hbix SHaqeHHft q.

r ip n >MaKChmaabHo bo3mojkhom saiMeÄAeHHH 6 M/cetc2, iieAeco- oöpa3Hoe cooTHouieHHe TopMoaiibix chä ä ah noAHOCTbio rpyjKeHo- ro aBTOMOÖHAH X cm =0,54.

n p H 3TOM CHeniHOH [Bec npH OA'HOBpeMeHHOH ÖÄOKHpOBKe Bcex KOAec aiBTOMOÖHÄH noAHOCTbio HcnoÄb3yencH Ha A o p o re C cp=0 ,3 .

3aiHTpHxoBaHHbie 30Hbi Ha pnc. 3 noKa3MBaiOT oÖAacTH npejK- AeBIpeMeHHOH ÖäOKHPOBKH KOÄec toh häh hhoh och.

Ä ä h inopojKHero aBTOMOÖHAH BeÄHHHHa Xcm AOÄ*H a oocraB- AHTb 1,11, a y HanoAOBHiHy rpyjKeHoro — X cm =0,73.

3eaH :3Ha.qeHHe AHHaMHqecKoro COOTHOHieHHH TopM03Hbix chä b HanaAe AHaina30Ha H3MeH6HHH K03(j)(j)HiiiHeHTa cuenAeiiHH XdUHf ,

h b KOHiie AHanaaoHa h u w f " > mojkho anaAHTHHCCKH nOÄcqHTaTb

HaaöoAee HeAecoo6pa3noe nocTOAHHoe cooTHouieHHe

*1 t , , h u H 9 duH 9h m = h u H 9 i ----------------------2 ------------------• ^

npaBHÄbHOCTb IBblÖpaHHblX COOTHOHieHHH ÄÄH pa3AHHHOrO CO- CTOHHiHH PpyJKeHOCTH aBTOMOÖHÄH 3H Ä-164 IMOHCHO OHOHIITb KOS^I- (JlHHHeHTOM npHCnOCOÖAHeMOCTH K .

HaHeceHbi Ha rpaiJiHKe b BHAe npnMbix, napaÄÄeÄb-HblX OCH. aÖCHHCC.

ÄBTOMOÖHÄb THna 3H Ä-164 HMeeT nocTOHHHoe cooTHom e- HHe T0pM03HbIX CHÄ X Cm = = 0,67, npH KOTOPOM OÄHO- BpeMeHH3H ÖÄOKHpOBKa KO-

6,67 Aec nepeAHeii h 3aAHeii oceft 0,5q noAHOCTbio r p y * e H o r o aBTO-

MOÖHAH npOHCXOAHT Ha ÄOpO-re TOÄbKO c cp0=0,48; s t o cooTBeTCTByeT TOHKe nepece- HeHHH «PHBOÜ X guH c npH- Moft X cm =0 ,67 . H a Aoporax c K03$4>HHHeHT0M cuenÄe- hhh, MeHbiUHM 0,48, nepBbi- mh ÖÄOKHpyiOTCH KOÄeca ne- peAHeft och, a y nopo*H ero aBTOMOÖHÄH Ha Bcex Äopo- rax — KOÄeca 3aAHeft OCH.

H a rpacfiHKe X qaH = f ( q ) b h äh o , h to ä a h BCex CAyqaeB

Harpy3KH aBTOMOÖHAH 3H Ä-164 BeÄHHHHa X q UH W3MeHHeTCH B ÄH- anaaoH e o t 0,35 a o 1,6. n p n TaKOM öoAbuioM H3MeHeHHH 3Haqe- HHft X QtlH HeB03'MOJKHO BblÖpaTb OÄHO nOCTOHHHOe COOTHOHieHHe T0pMO3Hhix chä, pauHOHaÄbHoe ä ä h Bcex CÄyqaeB Harpy3KH h peiKHMOB TOpMOJKeHHH.

Ä ä h BbinoÄHeHHH yKa3aHHoro iBbiuie TpeöoBaHHH mo Bbiöopy on- THIMaÄbHOTO COOTHOHieHHH T0pM03HbIX CHÄ H3ÄO BeÄHHHHy Xcm BbiönpaTb TaKHM oöpa30M , qTOÖu TOHKa nepeceqeHHH Kp»Boft

COOTHO-uieHHe

TOpMOSHblXCHJI XÄcm

0,670,54

0,671,11

3aMeÄJieHHe äo HaqaÄa Öjiokhpob- KH KOJieC ÄHDÖOft OCH nßH MaKCH- Ma.lbHO B03M0ÄVH0M 33MeÄJlCHHH

no cuenJieHHio b Mjcetc2

2,0 3,0 4,0 | 5,o] 6,0

K09(J)4)Huhcht npHcnoccßÄH- eMOCTH npH MaKCHMSAbHO

B03M0JKH0M 3aMeAJieHHH ÜOcuenAeHHH) b M ’c e K 2

2,0 | 3,0 |4,0 jö.O |6,0

I l O ^ H O C T b l O r p y J K e H b l f t a B T O M O Ö H J I b

1,51,8

1,641,92

2,53,0

3,73,9

(4,951 5,71 0,76 [4,7 I 5,5) 0,9

0,86 10,9210,9910,95 0,99 |0,97|0,93|0,91

H e r p y a t e H b i ä a B T O U o ö H i t

2,43,0

3,13,8

>3,751 4,3| 0,82 [4,6 I 5,4| 0,96

0,8 |0,78|0,75|0,720,99 |0,95[0,92|0,‘

B TaöAHiie epHBeAeHbi 3HaqeHHH MaKCHMaÄbHbix 3aMeAÄeHHft ao HaqaAa ö ä o k h p o b k h KOÄec KaKofl-AHÖo o ch h 3HaqeHHH k o 3(Jh} ) h - UHeHTa npHcnocoÖAfleMocTH, noACHHTaHHbie no ypaBHeHHHM (6 ), (6 ') , (8 ), (8 ') ä a h cymecTByiouiero h o c t o h h h o t o coorHoiueHHH TOpM03HbIX yCHÄHft H BUÖpaiHHblX COOTHOHieHHÜ ÄÄH CTaTHHeCKOTO peryAHpoßaHHH Ha och oib3Hh h rpacfiHKa XgUH = f ( q ) (pnc. 3 ).

H3 TaÖÄHiibi b h ä h o , h t o npn h m = 0 ,6 7 KosijHjiHiiHeHT npn- cnocoÖAHeMOCTH p aß eH 0,76 ä ä h r p y jK e H o ro 3 b t o m o ö h ä h Ha CKOAb3Koft A o p o r e (< p = 0 ,2 ) h 0,72 ä ä h n o p o jK H ero aBTOMOÖHÄH Ha c y x o M m o c c e (< p = 0 ,6 ) .CAeAOBaTeAbHo, npn TopMoiKe- HHH B 3THX yCÄOBHHX B MOMeHT HaqaAa öäokhpobkh KOAec Ka- KOH-ÄHÖO OCH OCTaiOTCH HeHC-noAb30B3HHbiMH 24— 28% BecaaBTOMOÖHÄH, KOTOpblft MOJKHO ÖblÄO Öbl HCnOÄb30BaTb ÄÄH C03Ä3HHH MaKCHMaAbHO B03MOJK-hoto 3aMeAAeHHH.

n PH H3MeHeHHH X cm B COOT- BeTCTBHH c cocTOHHHeM rpyjKe-HOCTH aBTOMOÖHÄH K03 (j>(}HmHeHT npHonoicoÖÄHeM ocTH K He n a A a eT HHjKe 0,9,

3 t o 3iiaqHT, h t o npn t o p m o j k c h h h « a Aoporax c AioöbiM 3Haqe- HHeM cp HonoAb30BaHHe ciienHoro Beca aBTOMOÖHAH yjryqiHaeTCH h cocTaBAHeT 90— 100%.

Ha pHC. 4 n p H o e A e « n p a ^ H K 3 3 b h ch m o c th KoacjHjiHiiHeHTa n pn - cnocoÖAHeMOCTH K o t K03(})(l)H iiH eH Ta ciienAeH H H <p, n ocT p oeH H u ft n o AaHHblM TaÖ ÄH iib i. n p H 100% -H O M HCnOÄb30BaHHH CIienHOTO B eca KoaiJiiJiiHiiHeHT npHonocoÖÄHeM OCTH p a a eH 1.

npHBCAeM HecKOAbKO mpHMepoB npaKTHqecKoro npHMeHeHHH pe- ryÄiipoiBawHH t o p m o 3Hm x c h ä no o c h m .

Bbröap anocoöa tperyAHpotBaHHH, a cjieAO BaTeAbH O , TH na h k o h - CTpyKHHH peryÄ H T O p a 3 3 b h c h t o t THina aBTOMOÖHÄH h x ap aK T ep H - CTHKH e r o TOpMOSHOft CHCTCMbl, T. e. 3a®HCHT ® OCHOBHOM OT XB-paKTepa npoTeKaHHH KpHBbix Xquh —f ( q ) npn pasÄHAHbix c o c t o h -HHHX rpyjKeHOCTH aBTOMOÖHÄH.

Ha aßTOMOÖHAHix THna 3H Ä-164 iieÄecooöpaaHO npHMeHHTb CTa- THHeCKHÜ peryÄHTOp, KOTopbift n03B0AHÄ ÖU H3MeHHTb COOTHOUie-

0,2 0,3 0M 0,5. 0,6 HIlHeH-

Ta ciienAeHHH:/ — noAHOCTbio rpyjKeHbift aBTO- MOÖHÄb; 2 — HerpyaceHbift aBTO-

MOÖHÄb.

22 AßTOMOSHJIbHafl npOMbllUJieHHOCTb JVs 7, 1962 r.

HHe Tap'MoaHbix chji ouih Tipex c jiynaeB Ha,npy3KH aBTOMOÖHJIH (OM. PHC. 3) 3a OHCT H3M0HeHHH MpHiBOÄHOrO ÄaBÄeHiHH B03ayixa, • noÄBO'ÄHMoro k s b ä h m m TopM oaaM . TaiKoe pery jm poB aR H e an paB - ÄblBaeTCH TOM, HTO C H3MeH0HH0M Harpy3KH aBTOMOÖHJIH IBeC IHa nepeÄH H x K o jiecax MeHHeTca HeaHaHHTejibHO, a Ha 3aÄHHx — ö o jiee neM ib 3 p a a a .

n p M M eH H T e jIb 'H O K aBTOMOÖHJIIO 3HJ1-164 C inpoeKTH pO IBaH 3 H A M H C TaTiH H ecKH Ö p e r y j iH T a p (pnc. 5 ), oö ea n eM H 'B a io in H H c o o t -

HOUI0HHH T 0 p M 0 3 H b IX CHJI X cm =0 ,5 4 ; 0,73 H 1,11.

P hc. 5. CTaTHnecKHÖ peryjiHTap.

P ery jiH T o p coctoh t h3 K o p n y ca 1 c npeMu nHÄHHÄpHuecKHMH mo- BepXHOCTHMH pa3H0T0 ÄHaM eTpa, B KOTopbie BXOÄHT CTyneHHaTblH nopiueH b 2. ynjiOTHeHHe opHM eHeHo ib BHae peaHHOBMX »o jie u . n o p iu eH b 2 HöceT äbohhoh KJia'na« 3; hhjkhhh K aanaH CÄyjKMT ÄJIH pa306m eHHH T0P'M03HbIX K3Möp OT aTMOC(J).epbI, a iBBpXHHH nepeK pbiBaeT M arn cT p aab o t TopM oaH oro «p a H a k TopMoaHbiM « a - MapaM .

T p a ö y aM o e coo rao in eH H e topm obh m x c h ä X cm aocn iraeT C H aa cneT cooTBeTCTByiom ero n o a ß o p a Ä H aM erpoa CTyneH uaToro u h äh h - Ä p a . BKÄioHaiiHe peryÄ H T opa irapoHCxoaHT ripn nocÄeÄOBaTeÄbHOM coeÄHHeHHH x p a x noÄOCTefl e ry n eH n aT o ro nHÄHHapa k T0pM03H0- My x p aH y c noM om bio K paH a, ycTaHOBÄeHHoro b KaÖHHe BOÄHTeÄH.

n p n HerpyiKeHOM c o c to h h h h ( X c m = l , l l ) nepe3 K p a « p e ry ÄHTopa IB03ÄyX eOÄBOÄHTCH K KaiMepaM H0pe3 nOÄO'CTb UHÄHHÄpa

M aÄ oro ÄHaM eTpa. XIäh aBTOMO- 6häh , rpy>KeHoro HanoÄOBHHy, BOÄHTeÄb ycTaHaBÄHBaeT noÄO- jneHHe KpaHa, npn k oto pom B03- Ä y x nOÄBOÄHTCH K nOÄOCTHM UHÄHHÄPOB M aÄ oro h cpeÄH ero ÄHaM eTpoß (X cm = 0 ,7 3 ). n p n rpy jK enoM aBTOMOÖHae Bce Tpn h o ä o c th penyuiHTopa m oaKaio- HaiOTCH K MarHCTpaÄH T0pM03II0- t o Kipana (X cm = 0,54).

P eryÄ H T op n oaoÖ H oro pOÄa oßecneHHBaeT n pon op n uo H aabH oe H3MeHeHHe ÄaBÄeHHH B03Äyxa, noÄBOÄHMoro k t o p m o 3h h m Ka- M epaM, OTHOCHTeÄbHO ÄaBÄeHHH, n oÄ aB aeM oro t o p m o 3Hh m K pa- h o m .

ripHMeHeHHe npHHUHna p e ry - ÄHpOBaHHH T0P'MO3HbIX CHÄ HJ

ÄByixocHbix aiBTOMoÖHÄHx h inpHnenax, HMeiomHix paanipaaeÄehHe Beca, ÖÄH3Koe k 50% no ochm, paccMOTpHM Ha npHM epe npn uen a THna J1A3-729, aaBHCHMOCTb X g UH = f ( q ) ääh KOToporo npn - BeaeH a Ha pnc. 6.

CooTHOiueHHe TOpMOSHbllX CHÄ %dUH B 33BHCHMOCT.H OT HHT0H- CHBHOCTH TOplMOHCeHHH 3HaUHTeÄbH0 H3iMeHHeTlCH, a BMeHHO B rp y -HceHOM c o c t o h h h h o t 1 ä o 2,87 ( ä o 3aMeÄÄ6HHH 6 M jcen 2) .

H ä h H0B030K c noÄOÖHbiM pacnpeAeÄeHH eM Beca n eaeco o 6 p a3 - Hee npHMeHHTb ÄHHaM nuecKoe h ä h M H oroeryneH uaToe CTaTHnecKoe peryÄHpoBaH H e.

YÄOBÄeTBopH TeÄbHoe yÄym neHHe T0ipM03Hbix K aueera ä o c t « - rae rcH , HanpwM ep, npn ä 'b y x c ry n e h n a t o m peryÄH Tope, KOTopbift npH H3MeHeHHH HHT6HCHBHOCTH TOpMOJKeHHH CTyneHUaTO M CH HeT cooTHouieHHH T0ipMO3Hbix c h ä . B ä h h h o m c a y n ae (p u c . 6 ) n p u 9(j)-

(JieiKTOBHOCTH TOplM'OJKeHHH </ = 0,35 BeÄHHWHa X ÄOÄJKHa HBMCHHTb- ch iperyÄHTDpoM o t 1,37 ä o 2,3 (ähhhh 1) .

T a x o e p e ryÄ H ip o iB a H H e m o *h o o ö e c n e n H T b , H a n p H M e p , b TopM 03- HOH CHCTGMe C r Hi^jp3‘B Ä HU 0OKH1M OpH 'BOÄOM C nOMOLUblO C n p O eK T H -

ipoBaiiHoro b H A M H peryÄH Topa ÄaBÄeHHH (pnc. 7 ) .P e r y Ä H T o p y c T a H a B Ä H B a e T C H b rH Ä p a B Ä H u ecK H H n p H B O Ä M e * -

Äy TÄaBHbllM T0P 'M 03H bIM U 'HÄHHÄpOM H 33ÄHHIMH TO p iM 03aM H HoöeoiieHMBaeT OTHOCHTeÄbHoe OHHJKeHHe ähbächh ä hchäkocth k 33 ÄH HM T0pM03aM inOCÄe ÄOCTHJKeHHH ÄaBÄeHHH IB CHCTeMe, KOTO- p o e cooTBeTCTByeT aapaHHOH 3 ^ )(| )g k t h b h o c t h TopMOHceHiiH. H a pHC. 6 HOKa3a'HO, HTO MOMeHT BKÄIOHeHHH peryÄHTOipa COOTB6TCT-B y e T iB eÄH H iiH e q = 0,35.

B K opnyce peryÄH Topa (p nc . 7 ) ipacnoÄOJKeHbi nopiueH b 1, p a3 - ÄeÄHKDLlIHH HOÄOCTb, OBH3aiHHyK> C rÄaBHbl'M T0pM03HbIM UHÄHHÄ' poM, h noÄOCTb, H Äym yio k sbähhim TOpM03aM, h nopiueH b 2, noÄO- jKCHHe KOToporo onpeaeÄH ercH HaTHJKeHHeM npyiKHHbi 3. ü o p - uieHb 2 HMeeT huth4>t, k o to p m ä b x o ä h t b nopiueH b 1 h peryÄHipy- eT noÄOJKeHHe KÄainaHa 4.

n pyjK H H a 3 ypaiBHaBeuiHBaeT ÄaBÄeuH e »h ä k o c t h , HaxotÄHmeii- ch b noiÄOCTH iMejKÄy nopuiHHiMH 1 h 2 , B peayÄbT aTe u ero KÄa- n a « 4 ocTaercH OTKpbiTbiM h AaBÄeHHe jk h äk octh , n ocT ynaiom ee k nepeÄHHM h sbähhim TopM03aM, öyÄ eT OÄHHaKOBO.

K o rÄ a Äa'BÄeHHe jk h äk oc th ÄOCTurHeT iBeÄBHHHbi, npH KOTopoft ÄOÄ>KeH öbiTb B'KÄKJHeH peryÄH Top, nopiueHb 2 nepeMecTHTcn h sa- KpoeTCH KÄanaH 4. B täkom moÄOJKeHHH ÄaBÄeHue ;jkhäkocth o Äe- BOH HOÄOCTH OT 'nOpUIHH 1 ypaiBHOIBeiUHBaeTCH ÄaiBÄeHHCM 3KHÄKO- CTM B inOÄOCTH IM 6 »Ä y inopiUlHHlMH 1 H 2 H yCHÄHHMH npyjKHH 5 H 3. CooTHOiueHHe M e *Ä y ÄaBÄeHHBM jk h äk octh nepeÄHHX h aauHHix T0p!MO3OB 33BHCHT OT HÄ0IU3ÄH CeTCHHH UHÄHHÄpa H yCHÄHH npy- JK'HH 5 H 3.

PeryÄH TOpbi moÄOÖHoro pOÄa ueiÄecoo6pa3'Ho ycTaHaBÄHiBaTb Ha aiBTOMOÖHÄH, y KOTOpblX OÖUXHH B6C npH H3IMeHeHHH .Harpy3KH Me-

1 5 2 3

HneTCH He3HaiHHTeÄbeo, t . e. Ha ÄeriKQBbie 3 b t o m o 6 h ä h h aiBTOMO- 6 h ä h cneuH aÄ bH oro Ha3iianeHHH.

H a lÄByxocHbiix np»uenax , y k o t o p h x b nopoJKHeM h rpyaceHOMCOCTOHHHH BeC H3lM8HHCTiCH B Ä ® a C ÄHUIHHlM p a 3 a , HeOÖXOÄH'MO inpHMÖHHTb iperyÄHpOBa'HHe T0ipM03H0H CHÄbl B 3 aBHCHMOCTH OT 3anpy3iKH npuuena.

B H A M H inpoBeÄeHbi HcnbiTaHHH npnuena JIA3-729, oßopyÄ'O-BaHHOrO TOpMOBaiMH C SÄeKTpOM'arHHTHbIM npHBOÄO'M, KOTopbift HMeji CTaTHueoKHÜ peryÄ H Top , BbiinOÄHeHHbiö b BHfle peocT aT a Ha ueTbipe CTyineHH c h ä b i TopMOJKeHHH.

CooTHOiueHHe T0PM03HMX CHÄ BblÖpaHO nOCTOHHHbIM, paBHbiM Xcm =2 ,3 7 (o m . pn c . 6, ä h h h k ) 2 ) , inipu KOTopoM nepeÄH H e KOÄeca ÖÄOKupyioTCH ipaHbiue 33ä h h x h oöeoneuHBaeTCH afJujieKTHBHoe TopiMoiKeHHe npH uen a 6e3 3aH oca. Bw oK apoBK a nepeaH H x k o ä c c npH TopMOJKeHHH He H apy u iaÄ a ycToftaHiBoro ÄBHJKeHHH 'a(BTcmoe3- Äa, T3K KaK iBO BpeMH TOpMOJKÖHHH IB CU0nKe B03HHKaÄ0 yCHÄHe paCTHJK6HHH.

HanbiTaHHH nOKaaaÄH, h t o npn pa3ÄHHHbix c o c t o h h h h x rpy jK e- h o cth npnuena peryÄH Top oßecneHHiBaa cHHxpoHHoe 3 a T o p M a *H - Banne n pn u en a h THrana.

H a ocHoeaHHH npoBeaeHHoft paöoTbi m o jk h o peiKOMeHÄOBaTb:1. O aH o-aByxcnyineH uaToe peryÄH poBaH H e T0pM03Hbix c h ä MejK-

ay o c h m h Ha aBTOMOÖHÄHX, y K oropu ix M aao MeHHeTCH pacn pe - aeaeH H e a e ca no o ch m h o ö iu h ü s e c ib aaiBHCHMoc™ o t Harpy3KH.

2. MHorocTyneHnaToe peryÄHpoBaHHe Ha aoTOMOÖHÄHX, y k o t o -pb ix 3HaUHTeÄbH0 H3IMeHHIOTCH COOTHOineHHH TOP'M03HbLX CHÄ ;B 3a- bhioh 'Mo ct h ot CTeneHH rpyjKeHOCTH, a Bec na nepeaiHeii o c h Me- HH6TCH HeSHaUHTeabHO.

3. H a ncex 3btom o6hähix h npHiienax, y KOTOpbix 3HanHTeÄbH0 MeHneTCH cooTHomeHHe ibbcob b rpyjKeHOM h HenpyHieHO'M c o c to h - HHHX, a TaiKJKe ÄHHaMH'ieCKOe COOTHOUieHHe TOpM03HbHX CHJI MeJK- Äy ochm h, neaecoofipasHO inpHMeHHTb « a n peryanpoBaHHe, MeHHio- ipee oßinyio T0piM03Hyio cnjiy npn H3MeHeHHH Harpy3KH aBTOMOÖH- äh , T a « h peryanpoBaHHe, H3MeHHioinee cooTHouieHHH TopM03HUX CHÄ IB 33BHCHMOCTH OT HHTeHCHBHOCTH TOpMOJKeHHH.

A 3m

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.00 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,0 0,5 0.6 q

Phc. 6. 3aiBHCHM0CTb X gUH = — f ( q ) ä ä h npanena THina

JIA3-729:a — rp y iK eH o ro : 6 — H erpy jK e-

H oro.

As 7, 1962 r. ABTOMOÖHJlbHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 23

O ( J j a K T O p a X , B J IH 5 1 I0 1 U H X H a y C T O H H H B O C T b a B T O M O Ö H J l b H O r O n o e 3 A a

60JIbUI0H rpy30fI0A'beMH0CTH

3. JI. C H PO TKH H , M. fl. K YX A PM H KBenopyccKHM aBT03aBOfl, Mhhckhh aBT03aeoA

B O J l b U I H M HeÄOCTaTKOM aBTOMOÖHÄbHoro n oe3aa öoabiuo ft rpySOnOÄteMHOCTH, OTpaHHUHBaiOlUHM B03M0JKH0CTb noßbi-

IIieHHH CKopocTeft ÄBHJKeHHH, HBÄHeTCH HapyUieHHe yCTOfiHHBOCTH, 3aKJiK>qaiomeecH b noHBJieHHH bh äh h h h n pnuena .

E c jih pacnojio jK H Tb H an aao KoopAHHaT b ueHTpe th jk b c th npn - u en a 0 (p n c . 1) h ocb X X HanpaBHTb no npoaoabH O ft och npnue- n a , a ocb YY nepneHÄHKyjm pHO npoÄOÄbHoft och , t o bhähhh6 npeÄCTaBJineT coöo ii ropH30HTaJibHoe KoaeÖaHHc npoaojibH oft och n p n u en a n o och YY n pn ÄBHJKeHHH aBTonoe3Äa.

BHÄHHHe n peacT aB un eT coöo ii K oaeöaH H e n poaoabH o ft o ch p a Mbi n p n u en a OTHOCHTeÄbHO npofloabH oft o ch THrana, t . e. HMeeTCH necooTBeTCTBHe TpaeK Topnn ÄBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄH-THrana.

ho H3MeHHiouiHMHCH paÄH ycaM H o t öecKOHenHOCTH ä o o n p eaeaeH - hoh KOHenHOH BeÄHnnHbi. Ä ä h onpeueÄeHHH p a a n y c o B saeM eHTa aB- Tonoe3aa R i, R 2 h R 3 npn ÄBHJKeHHH npoH3BeaeM KHHeMaTHnecKHft pacneT ÄBHJKeHHH aB T on oe3aa no KpHBoaHHeftHoft TpaeK Topnn h bhhchhm npn 3tom 3aBHCHMOCTb paÄH ycoB o t y ra o B HaKÄOHa n po - ÄOÄbHbix oceft T a ran a h n pnuena .

IIIapH H p b Tonne D (coeanH eH H e T H roßo-cuenH oro ycTpoflcTBa

0

P hc. 1. CxeMa npnuena öOÄbuioftnoateMHocrH.

rpy30-

BeÄH nnH a CMemeHHH n p n u en a o t 3 aaaH H oro HanpaBÄeHHH ä b h - jKeHHH cocTaBÄHeT aM n aH T yay non epen H oro KoaeöaHHH, h ä h aM n- Ä H T yay b h ä h h h h .

I ly T b , npoftaeH H uft npnuenoM 3a npoMeJKyTOK BpeMeHH o t Ha- n a a a e ro oTKÄOHeHHH a o BOCCTaHOBaeHHH 3aaaH H o ro HanpaBaeHHH, COCTaBÄHeT aaH H y b o ä h u KoaeöaHHH.

BnaH H H e n p n u en a co3 aaeT onacHOCTb 3aH oca ä ä h aB T onoe3aa h onacH ocTb c t o ä k h o b 6h h h co BCTpenHbiM TpaHcnopTOM, yßeaHnH- BaeT H eoöxoaH M yio uiHpnHy raö ap H T H oro K op n aop a , 3aipyÄH H eT ynpaB aeH H e TnranoM , yBeaHHHBaeT H3H0C u ih h , co3aaeT anHaM H- necKyio H arpy3K y Ha bcio CHCTeMy aBTonoe3Äa.

B pe3yabT aT e HcnuTaHHft onbiTHbix oöpa3UOB npnuenoB rpy30 - noa 'beM H ocTbio 60 t b cuen e c TnranoM 5IA3-214 npn cko pocth 40 k m /hüc oÖHapyjKeHO BHÄHHHe n p n u en a , t . e. n pn u en aßH raacH n o BoaH ooöpa3H ofi TpaeKTopHH, npnneM aaH H a b o ä h h cocT aB an aa 50— 60 m , a aM n aH T yaa KoaeöaHHH paBH H aacb 60— 70 c m .

n p n ncnbiTaHHHX n poH 3om aa aB apu n , npHnHHoft KOTopoft hbh- a o c b BHÄHHHe n p n u en a . BHÄHHHe n p n u en a c o 3 a a a o to ä h o k , Bbi- 3BaB iunä nepBOHanaabHO 3aHoc, a 3aTeM CKaaabiBaHHe aBTonoe3aa Ha ÖOÄbUIOÖ CKOpOCTH npH ÄBHJKeHHH eTO Ha npHMOÄHHeftHOM ynacTKe acfJjaabTOBoft iuocceftHoft a o p o rn . B stom ca y n ae 3aHoc n p n u en a ycyryÖ H acn npoH3BeaeHHbiM TopMOJKeHneM aBTonoe3aa.

B oK O B ue c h ä h , BU3biBaiom He BHÄHHHe n pn u en a b o BpeMH ä b h - JKeHHH, 33BHCHT OT MHOrOOÖpa3HbIX, p33ÄHnHO CBH33HHbIX MeJKÄy coöoft npHnHH.

3 t h c h ä m M oryT B03HHKHyTb o t n on epeuH oro H anaoH a npoi}>H- ä h a o p o rn , o t caynaftH bix ö o k o b h x y a a p o B o aopoJKHbie HepoB- h o c t h , ot pa3H oro conpoTHBÄeHHH KaneHHio pa3annH bix Koaec, ot c h ä h HHepuHH npn ÄBHJKeHHH no KpHBoanHeftHoft TpaeKTopHH, n pn B b ixoae n pn u en a H3 KpHBOÄHHeftHoft TpaeKTopHH Ha npHMyio, o t aaacTHnHOCTH u ih h , o t ö o K o o o ro BeTpa, o t 3a3opa b öyK cnp- HOM yCTpoftCTBe H T. fl.

U e a b npH B eaeH H oro aH aaH 3a bh äh h h h aBTOMOÖHÄbHoro noe3fla ÖOÄbUIOft rpy30nOflljeMHOCTH COCTOHT B TOM, UTOÖbl BbIHCHHTb npn - nHHy bh ähh h h , cpaBHHTb flaHHbie TeopeTHuecKoro aH aaH 3a c bm- BoaaM H , noayneHHhiMH b n pou ecce n poö eroB b ix HcnuTaHHft, h Ha- MeTHTb KOHKpeTHbie MeponpHHTHH no yMeHbUieHHIO BHÄHHHH b cy-m ecTByroiUHx KOHCTpyKUHHx, a TaKJKe a a T b peKOMeHflauHH noyCTpaHeHHIO BHÄHHHH aBTOMOÖHÄbHblX nOe3flOB ÖOÄbuioft rpy30 - noflijeMHOCTH npn npoeKTHpoßaHHH.

Mt o ö m He öb iao b h ä h h h h n pn u en a , HyjKHO n p n aaT b aB Tonoe3ay TaKHe KanecTBa, K OTopue oöecnenHÄH öbi eM y B03MO>KHOCTb ö h c t - po CTaÖHÄH3HpOBaTb CBOe nPHMOÄHHefiHOe flBHJKeHHe.

ÄBHJKeHHe aBTOnoe3fla b npou ecce bh ähh h h no CBoeMy x a p a x - Tepy aHauornnHo ABHxeHHio aBTonoe3fla Ha noBopoTe c nocTOHH-

Phc. 2. CxeMa KHHeMaTHKH ÄBHJKeHHH aBTonoe3fla, cocTonmero H3 Tnrana 3A3-214 h npnuena MA3-5212 (60 m) no kphboäh-

Hefi’Hoft TpaeKTopHH.

aBTOMOÖHÄH-THrana co cuenHoft neTaeft Äbirnaa n p n u e n a ) h m a p - Hup b Tonne E (onopHO-uiKBopHeBoe ycTpoftcTBO, coeflHHHiom ee noßopoTH yio TeaejKKy c paM ofi n p n u en a ) co3flaiOT h3äom n po - ÄoabHoft och aBTonoe3fla npn noBopoTe, b pe3yabTaTe n e ro ähhhh oceft BpameHHH Bcex K oaec n p o ftay r nepe3 Tonuy O (p nc . 2).

3HaH BHeuiHHft pa a n yc R\ noßopoTa 3b tom oöhäh-Taran a, m ojkho onpeaeaHTb y ro a a no (jjopM yae

Ls in a = — --------- ,R i — a

ru e L — öa3a T H ran a ;a — AÄHHa noBopoTHoft uan<{)bi (paccTOHHHe ot TonKH nepe-

ceneHHH oceft noBopoTHoft uanijjbi h u ik b o p h h ä o nep- neHÄHKyaapa, BoccTaHOBaeHHoro H3 ueHTpa onopHoft naoiuaÄKH K o a eca ).

H 3 TpeyroabHHKa A O C ' HMeeM

O C ' = — .tg n

Hmch OC', HafiaeM 3HaneHHe OC:M L M

O C = O C ' — — = ------— — ,2 tg a 2

rue M — paccTOHHHe M ejK ay toukhm h nepeceneHHH oceft aeßoft h npaBoft noßopoTH bix uan<}> h oceft uiKBopHeft.

H a pnc. 2 cnaouiHMMH ä h h h h m h noKa3aH npnuen c HopMaab-HblM ÄblUIÄOM, a IUTpHXOBblMH ÄHHHHMH — C yÄÄHHeHHbIM flblUI- ÄOM.

3aTeM nyTeM nocaeflOBaTeabHoro peuieHHH TpeyroabHHKOB COD, D O E h E O K onpeaeaHM p a a n yc R 2 TpaeKTopHH ÄBHJKeHHH ueHTpa noBopoTHoft TeaejKKn h p a a n yc R 3 TpaeKTopHH ÄBHJKeHHH ueHTpa 3aAHeft TeaejKKH npnuena, a TaKJKe hx 33BHCHMOCTb o t y ra a no- BopoTa flb im aa OTHOCHTeÄbHO npofloabHoft och paMbi npnuena.

TaKHM oöpa30M , 3aaaBaH Cb BeannKHoft OTKÄOHeHHH neTÄH flbirn- a a (Tonna D Ha pnc. 2) o t npofloabHoft och paMbi, mojkho onpe-

24 ÄBTOM OÖHJIbHafl npOM blWJieHHOCTb 7, 1962 r.

ÄeJiHTb y ro ji noßopoT a ÄUiujia OTHOCHTejibHO npoROAbHoö och pa - Mbl. n o c j ie 3TOTO MOHCHO OnpeReAHTb paRHyCbl TpaeKTOpHH RBH- *eH H H Ru R 2 h R 3 yKa3aHHbix SAeMeHTOB aBTonoe3Ra.

Pe3yjibTaTbi n p oö ero ß b ix HcnbiTaHHÜ noKa3ajiH , m o n pn c k o p o c t h R B H *eH H fl 40 m/hüc neTAH Rbllii.na c u en u o ro ycrpoftcTBa n p n u en a MA3-5212 rpysonoR ieM H O C Tbio 60 t o t k a o h h 6tch ot npOROJibHOH o c h paM bi Ha 30— 40 cm.

OnpeReJiHB paR uychi R u R 2 h R 3, hcxorh H3 BejinmiHbi otkjio - hchhh neTAH Rbiiujia, mojkho onpeReAHTb ycnnne, Heoßxo/iuMoe rah Ä B H *eH H H aBTOnoe3Ra no 3aMKHyToft kphboahhchhoh TpaeK- TOPHH.

3 to ycHjine P g HaxoRHM H3 cjieRyiouieH 4>opMyjibi:

P d = P m + Pn>

rae P m — ycH jine, H eoöxoRH M oe rah RBHureHHH 3btomo6hah - T H rana no KpHBOAHHeftHoft TpaeKTOpHH;

P n — ycHJine, HeoßxoRHMoe rah rb h ä c h h « npnuena no Kpu- BOAHHeHHOH TpaeKTOpHH.

BeAHHHHa P m RAH ynpomeHHH H3X0RHTCH H3 <J)OpMyAbI

P rn — G mf\,

rae Gm — Bec THrana;f l — K03(J)(j)HUHeHT COnpOTHBJieHHH KaieH H lO .

Mtoöm ynecTb Bce HeyuTeHHhie b (jjopMyjie bh r h conpoTHBAeHHH, KOTopHe BCTpenaiOT KOJieca aBTOMoÖHAH npn noBopoie, npHHH-

H 3 pnc. 3 HMeeM

P 3

= tg «b

c c

~2~ ~2~— = sin a OTKyaa /?, = ------- •R 3 s in “

2 3TaKHM 06pa30M , HMeeM B03M0)KH0CTb onpeaeAH Tb R s , R 3 , ....

,H,jih onpeR eAeH H H MOMeHTa conpoTH BAeH H H n o ß o p o T y KO Aeca n pn RBHWeHHH n o KpHBOAHHeÖHOH TpaeKTO pH H HeOÖXORHMbl p a 3 - M epbi oTn eu aT K a u ih h « n o a H a rp y3 K o ft (p n c . 4).

P a3M ep d onpeReAneTCH H3 BeAHUHHH om eu aT K a uiHHbi noR Harpy3KOÜ.

FIpeRnoAo>KHM, h to Ka>KRoe KOAeco 3aRHefi Te.neTKKH n pn u en a CTpeMHTCH noBepnyTbCH BoK pyr t o u k h O . T o rR a B03HHKaeT m o - MeHT conpoTHBAeHHH nOBOpOTy, OnpeReAHLOIUHHCH H3 CAeRyiOme- l'o ypaßneHHH:

1 d 1 d l

a i = T * T’

rR e Q k — H arp y3 K a Ha KO Aeco;(p — K03({)tt)HUHeiIT CU,enAeHHH ROpOTH C KOAeCOMJ d — RAHHa O TnenaTKa.

Ü.AH npeOROAeHHH MOMeHTa M HeOÖXORHMO npHAOHCHTb K KO-

AecHOM y x o a y n o K acaT eA b H o ft k paR H ycaM R \ i R%. . ■ . R% CHAy

P a.m = P ].m + P L n + - ’ ' + P l.m'

CllAbl p \ m , p \ m ■ ■ ■ p \ . m HaXOAHM H3 (|)OpMyAbl

A ' = P im S b

rae S i — n y tb n e p ß o io KOAeca, S i = i? 3<p (? — y roA noßopoT a

riepBoro K O A eca ); A 1 — p a ö o T a , c o B ep m a eM a n nepßbiM KO AecoM n p n noBOpOTe.

rio flC TaBAH H b n ep B y io (J )opM yA y 3HaueHHe Si, HMeeM

A i ~P\ .m P 3? 1 ■

TaKH M o öp a 3 0 M , M ow eM n o a y - MHTb BeAHHHHy paÖOTbl RAH BCeX KOAec, r a e • <pi, y2» — ?8 — y roA n oB op oT a K a * R o f t n apb i KOAeca

p a R n y c a R \ , R \ , R\\

P l m P f a

Phc. 3. CxeMa pacnoAOjKOHHH KOAec 3aRHeft TeAe>KKH npn- nena,

MaeM BeAHHHHy f 1 HeCKOAbKO 3aBbIUieHHOH, HeM 3TO peKOMeHRyeT- CH RAH RaHHOFO THna ROPOTH.

BeAHMHHa P n onpeReAneTCH m CAeRyiomero ypaBHeHHH:

Pn — Pn.K “H P P a . m ’rRe P n.K = G nf — ycHAHe, Heo6xoRHMoe r a h npeOROAeHHH co

npoTHBAeHHH KaneHHio npnuena (G n — noA- Hbift Bec npnuena, f — K03<J)(}>HUHeHT conpoTHBAeHHH KaneHHio);

Pn .m — RonoAHHTeAbHoe ycHAHe, HeoöxoRH M oe r a h ABH>KeHHH noBopoTHoft T eA e *K H n pn u en a no OKpyjKHOCTH paRHycoM R 2,

P 3.n1 — RonoAHHTeAbHoe ycHAHe, HeoöxoRH M oe r a h R B H K eHHH 3aRHeft TeAejKKH npn iiena no OKpy>KIHOCTH paRHyCOIM R 3.

M toöm onpeReAHTb RonoAHHTeAbHoe ycHAHe, HyxcHoe r a h r b h - >KeHHH 3aRHefl TeAejKKH npnuena, HeoöxoRHMo onpeReAHTb paRHyc noßopoTa Ka>KRoro KOAeca. 3Han 6a3y 3aRHeft TeAe*KH h pacno- AOJKeHHe Ka*Roro KOAeca no OTHomeHHio k npoROAbHofl och npnuena, a TaKiue R 3, HMeeM B03M0*H0CTb onpeueAHTb paRHyc noBO- poTa KaiKRoro KOAeca (pnc. 3).

= P l.m R h s -

C R p y ro ß CTopoHbi, HMeeM

A i = Afcpi;

A i = ATf2; ’

/I3 — ■

npupaBHHBaH paßoTbi, noAyuaeM

M = P \ .m P l

M = P \ . m R l ;

Phc. 4. OraeuaTOK inuHbi noa iiarpy3K0H h ReHCTByioiuHe

yCHAHH.

M a.m Bä | .

JV» 7, 1962 r. AßTOMOÖHJibHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 25

CKuaabman aeBbie h npaBue iacTH noayueHHbix ypaBHeHHö, HMeeM

2 n M = P a.m { P * + R \ + . . . + /?38) ,

rae n — KOJimecTBo nap Koaec Ha paanycax /?!>; R y R y H3 nojiyneHHux BbipauceHHÜ HaxoaHM

2 n M

^ 3 + ^ 3 + - • • + ^ 3

Phc. 5. CxeM a ipacnoao:>KeHHHKOJieC IIOBOPOTHOH TejIOKKH.

M i = 4 - ^ r < t R i ;

Mo = 4 <p/?2;ID

^ 3 = 4 - ^ v ' / ? 3;

Q kM 4 = 4 — - <?Rit

lb

r a eQ k_

16— Harpy3Ka, npHxoaHiuaHCH Ha oäho Koaeco no-

BOPOTHOH TejTOKKH;(p — K03<j)(j)HHHeHT cuenaeHHH KOJieca c aoporoß;

Ri. R2, Ra, R* — paflHycbi neTbipex CHMMeTpnuHbix ihhh othoch- TejibHO neHTpa hikbophh (pnc. 5).

Tan Kax n oß op or n poncxoau T BOKpyr p a a n yca R 3, HMeeM

Pn.m R 2 — M ,OTKyaa

P n.ttM

R 2

q = - T ’

r a e Q m — Harpy3Ka Ha noßopoTHyio T eae*K y ;

F — n a o m a a b noBopoTHoro Kpyra;R — p a fln y c noBopoTHoro K py ra .

M oM eHT M 2, HeOÖXOÄHMblH AJIH nOBOpOTa nOBOpOTHOH TejiejKKH n pn uen a BOKpyr och hikbophh, o n peaean M no (JiopMyae

M 2 = P nrv-,

rae r — paauyc hikbophh CyMMapHblH MOMeHT

M,cyM

ZIjih onpeaeaeHHH aonoaiiHTeabHoro ycnjiHH P n.m> Heoßxoau- Moro äJih noßopoTa noBopoTHoft TeaeiKKH, Bocnojib3yeMCH cxeMoä pacnojioHceHHH Koaec noBopoTHoft TeaeaucH (pnc. 5 ).

OnpeaeanM MOMeHT noßopoTa noBopoTHoft TeaeacKH, Heoöxoau- MblH ÄJIH npeOÄÖJieHHH COnpOTHBaeHHH nOBOpOTy IHHH OTHOCH- TeAbHo ueHTpa h ikbo ph h :

M = M x- f M2 f M3 + M 4,

rae Mi , M 2, M 3, M4 — mo-MeHTbl COnpOTHBJieHHH nOBO- poTy neTbipex cHMMeTpumibix IHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO UeHTpa UIKBOpHH:

ZIjih npeoaoaeHHH cyM M apHoro MOMeHTa COnpOTHBJieHHH^ noß o - poTHofi TejieKKH M cyx HeoßxoAHMO Ha KpioKe Tnrana co3aaTb MOMeHT OT OCTaTOHHOH CHJIbl:

M,cyM

rae Poem = P m ~ P d - AHajiH3Hpyn nojiyneHHoe BbipaaceHHe, MO>KeM caeJiaTb 3aKJiio-

qeiine, HTO B03HHKai0IHHe ÖOKOBbie CHAbl B npouecce ABUJKeHHH co- 3aaiOT KOJie6aHHH npoaoabHOH och npnuena oTHocHTejibHO npo- aojibHoft och Tnrana, b pe3yjibTaTe nero nepeMemeHHe npoaojibHoft och npnuena He cooTBeTCTByeT nepeMemeHHio npoaojibHoft och thraua ao to t o noaoiKeHHH, noxa He C03aaeTCH npoTHBoaeöcTByio- ihhh MOMeHT o t ocTajibHoro ycnjiHH Ha Kpioxe THrana, cnocoÖHHfl ypaBHOBecHTb cyMMapHbifi MOMeHT COnpOTHBJieHHH noBopoTy no- BopoTHofi Tejie>KKH npnuena. K oraa MOMeHT o t oeraTOHHoro yen- jihh Ha Kpioxe THrana aocTHmeT BeanqHHbi, paBHoft MOMeHTy co- npoTHBjieHHH noBopoTy noßopoTHOH TeaeiKKH npnuena, t o npo- H30ÖaeT nOBOpOT TCJie>KKH.

ripHuen ÄBHJKeTCH b oany CTopoHy, a Tnrau b apyry io CTopoHy ao Toro noJiosceHHH, noxa He cq3A3ctch npoTHBoaeöcTByioiuHH MOMeHT ot ocTaTOHHoro ycnjiHH Ha KpioKe THrana h naeua h (pnc. 6 ), cnocoÖHbifi ypaBHOBecHTb cyMMapHbift MOMeiiT conpoTHB- jieHHH noBopoTy noBopoTHoft TejieacKH npnuena.

E cjih npoaojibHan oeb npnuena noßepHeTCH OTHocHTejibHO npo- ÄOJibHofl och T flra ia Ha BecbMa Maawö yroji, t o aJiHHa bojihh no- jiyuHTCH öojibiHoft, TaK KaK B03pacTaHne h no Mepe aBHuceHun aBTonoe3aa ßyaeT BecbMa MajibiM h HeoöxoaHMO 6yaeT npoexaTb 3HaHHTejIbHbIH 0Tpe30K nyTH, HTOÖbl C03aajICH npOTHBOaeÜCTByiO- iuhh MOMeHT o t ocTaTOHHoro ycnjiHH Ha KpioKe THraua, enoeoö- HbiH ypaiBHOBecHTb cyMMapHbift M0M6HT coinpoTHBJieHHH noBopory noßopoTHOH TejieiKKH npnuena npu iioctohhhoh ckopocth.

T ukhm o6pa30M, MO*eM onpeaeJiHTb ycHJine, HeoßxoanMoe äjih UBH>KeHHH aBTonoe3aa no 3aMKHyTbiM 0Kpy>KH0CTHM c paanyca- MH OTaeJIbHblX SJieMeHTOB R u R i H R 3, paCCHHTaHHblX H3JIO*eH- HblM MeTOÄOM, KOTOpbie MoryT HMeTb BejIHHHHH OT ÖeCKOHeHHOCTH ao KOHKpeTHOrO MHHHMaJIbHOTO 3HaHeHHH.

OKOHHaHHeM UHKJia KOJieÖaHHH MOXKHO CHHTaTb BblBOa aBTO- nO e3aa H3 aBHJKeHHH no 3aMKHyTOH KpHBOJIHHeflHOH TpaeKTopnn Ha aBHHieHHe no npHMOJiHHeflHOH TpaeKTopnH. ä j ih s t o t o H eoöxo - ÄHMO npeOÄOJieTb MOMeHT COnpOTHBaeHHH noB opoT y B nOBOpOTHblX K p y ra x h b uiKBopHe Tejie>KKH n pn u en a .

M oM eHT M i, Heo6xoaHMbift äjih npeoaojieHHH TpeHHH Ha noBO- poTHbix K p y ra x noßopoTHOH TejieiKKH, HaxoaHM H3 ca ea y io iu ero ypaBHeHHH:

R R

M i = J Q 2 n r d r r = J 2Q % r 2 d r = - j - nR?Q,

0 0

ra e Q — c u a a TpeHHH o t yaeJibH oro aaBJieHHH, Q = q \ i ( q — — yae jibH oe aaßaeH H e, p — KosijxJiHuHeHT TpeHHH).

3HaeM, u to

P h c . 6. CxeMa ona, aeficTByioiUHx Ha h o b o - poTHyio TeaeucKy npn B b m o a e aBTonoe3aa c

KpHBOaHHeHHOÖ TpaeKTOpHH Ha TrpHMOaHHeft- Hyio:

/ — noBopOTHaa T eaea tK a ; 2 — paM a n pn u en a ;3 — UIKBOpeHb.

K o r a a MOMeHT, co3aaBaeM bifi ocTaTOHHbiM TnroBbiM ycnaneM Ha abiuiJie n pnuena , ypaBHOBecHT MOMeHT conpoTHBaeiiHH noBopoTy noBopoTHoft T e a e *K H , aBHuceHne aB T on oe3aa BbipaBHHBaeTCH.

Bbia npoßeaeH cpaBHHTeabHbift pacneT a ß y x pa3Hbix KOHCTpyKUHH npnuenoB, HarpyuceHHbix oähhm h TeM x e rpy30M h öyKCH- pyeM bix oahhm h TeM >Ke THranoM.

O a h h h 3 y K a 3 a H H b ix n p n u e n o B H M eeT n o ß o p o T H y io T e a e > K K y c O A H o p n a H b iM p a c n o a o u c e H H e M K o a e c (M A3-5208 ), B T o p o ft — c A ß y x p H A H b iM p a c n o a o iK e H H e M K o a e c (M A3-5212 ). H a B T o p o M

n p n u e n e n o ß o p o T H b ie K p y r n h m c io t r o p a 3 a o 6 o a b u iH H a n a M e T p

Tpeu iH H , n e M ib m epB oiM ra p w u en e .

P e 3 y a b T a T b i H cn b iT aH H H b o a u H a K O B b ix y c a o B H H X n o K a 3 a a H , h to n ep B b ift n p n u e n n p a K T H u e c K H H e B H a n e T (3a<J )H K C H poB aTb B H a n -

H n e HM eBuiH M H CH c p e a c T B a M H H e n p e a c T a B n a o c b b o s m o h c h u m ) , B T o p o f i a a e T a M n a n T y a y K o a e ß a H H H n o p n a K a a o 700 m m .

Pe3yabTaTb i pacneTOB noaTBepauan onbiTHbie aaHHbie, TaK KaK BeanuHHa naeua h a u h npnuena, KOToptift npaKTHuecKH He BHaneT, b HecKoabKO pa3 MeHbine BeaHHHHbi h a a n npnuena, k otopm h HMeeT n on ep e iH y io HeycToöuHBOCTb.

OTCioaa caeayeT, hto Bce npnuenu 6oabiuofl rpy3onoa,beMHocTH b KaKofl-TO Mepe npn ab h äc h h h bhahiot, ho TaK xaK b npnuenax

26 ABTOMOÖHJIbHaSI npOMbllUJieHHOCTb JV® 7, 1962 r.

c oaaopaaH biM pacnojio>KeHHeM KOJiec noßopoTH oä TejieiKKH h Ma- jihm h p a 3MepaMH noßopoTHbix KpyroB conpoTHBaeHae noBopoTy noBopoTHoft TeJiejKKV BecbMa M ajioe, He.iHawHTeabiioa ö ya eT TaK- »c e BeaawaHa naewa h h BaaaHHe npa ABHiKeHaa npaKTHwecKa He ö y a e T 3aMeTHbiM.

C yB eaaw enaeM a a a b >i a b iin a a B aaaH ae yMeHbuiHTCa, TaK KaK a a s r e n p a He3HawaTeabHOM y r jie OTKaoHeHaa n p o a o a b H o ä oca n p a a e n a OTHocaTejibHo n p o a o a b H o ä o c a T araw a co3 aacT ca Heoö- x o a a M o e naew o h a n a npoT H B oaeäcT B y iom ero MOMeHTa o t ocT a - TowHoro y c a jia a Ha K pioae T araw a , aocTaTOWHoe aaa n p e o a o a e H a a cyM M apH oro MOMeHTa conpoTHBJieHaa n oB opoTy n oßopoT H oä Te- jieauca n p a a e n a (H a pac . 2 naew o h\ — n p a HopMajibHOM a u m a e a naew o h2 — npn yaaH H eH H O M ). V aaH H eH H oe ä h iu jio coBM em eHo Ha cxeM e c HopMaJibHbiM ä h u ijio m c a eab io ö o a e e Bbipam eHHoro cpaB H eH aa BeanwaH h\ a h2 n p a oahom h tom » e y r jie noßopoT a oca Äbim jia OTHocaTejibHo o c a paM H n p a a e n a .

P a c . 7. TpaiJiHK TpaeK Topaa aea>KeHHn aBTonoc3aa H3 Tarawa H A 3 -2 1 4 a n p aaena M A 3 -5 2 1 2

npa 0 = 3 0 -7 -3 2 km/h:

1 — nepeflHHH q a c n » paMbi n p n u en a : 2 — noßopOTHan Te.ne>KKa npw uena;3 — nepeAHHH q a c n » aBTOM odm ia; 4 — 3äAHHH qacT b 3 b tom o6h ah .

3KcnepaMeHTajibHbie paöoTbi, npoBeaeHHbie Ha Mhhckom aBTO- MoöajibHOM 3aBoae c aejibio BbiacHeHHa npawaH bhjihhhh, noa-HOCTblO nOflTBepÄHJIH H3JIOKeHHbIH aHajIH3.

H a BJieMeHTax aBTonoe3aa b H aaöoaee xapaKTepHbix TOHKax ycTaHaBJiHBajica n p aöop a an 3anaca TpaeK Topaa a x ABaaceHaa. 3 a n a cb TpaeK Topaa ABaiKeHaa npoa3B oaa jiacb caeayiom H M oöp a- 30M. B repMeTHwecKa 3aKpbiTbiä 6aK, co aep jK am aä noAKpameH- Hyio yjibTpaMapaHOM B oay, n oaaB aaca B03ayx H3 topmo3hoh ch- CTeMbi aBTonoe3aa. B o 3 a y x aaB aa Ha jkhakoctl, KOTopaa no Tpyö- KaM n epeT exa jia b con jia , ycTaHOBJieHHbie b xapaKTepHbix TOWKax 3JieMeHT0B aBTonoe3aa, H3 k o top h x OHa tohkoh C Tpyäxoä bhjih- Bajiacb Ha aajiaabTO Boe n oK pu Tae A op ora . C aeab i TpaeKTopaa ÄBHiKeHHH ajieMeHTOB aBTonoe3aa nepeH oca jiacb Ha rpaijiHK.

H a pac. 7 noKa3aHbi TpaeK Topaa HBHiKeHaa saeMeHTOB aBTono- e3Äa. H 3 rpacfiHKa bhaho, wto TpaeK Topaa ABaaceHHa noßopoTHoä Tejie>KKH n p aaen a , nepeaH eä w aera paMbi n p aaen a a saaH eä wa- cth Taraw a b HeKOTopoa CTeneHH coßnaaaiOT, T o raa KaK TpaeK- Topaa nepeaH eä w acra Tarawa pe3Ko oTaaw aeTca o t hhx. 3 to o6a>acHaeTca TeM, wto noßopoTH aa TeaejKKa npaaena , nepeaH aa waCTb paMbi n p aaen a a 3aaH aa wacTb Tarawa A B a x y T c a b oaHy CTOpOHy (b a e ß y io ), b to BpeMa KaK nepeaH aa wacTb Tarawa — b npoTHBonoao>KHyio (Ha pac. 7 nyTb o t 150 a o 140 m ) . 3 to H aöa ioaaeTca a o Tex nop, noxa M e w a y npoaoabH oä ocbio Tarawa a uiKBopHeBbiM ycrpoäcTBOM co3aaeTca HeoQ xoaaM oe naewo h a MOMeHT o t ocTaTOWHoro y ca a n a Ha KpioKe ypaBHOBecaT momcht conpoTHBaeHHa noB opoTy noßopoTH oä T ea e *K H . B pe3yabTaTe SToro npoH 3oaaeT noßopoT noBopoTHoft TeaeaiKH a aBTonoe3a aBH w eTca c coßnaaeHHeM TpaeKTopaa Bcex saeMeHTOB a o T o ro MOMeHTa, noaa He OTKaoHHTCa o t H eoöxoaaM oro HanpaBaeHaa (Ha pac. 7 nyTb o t 140 a o 120 m ) . B aaHHOM cayw ae aBTonoe3a OTKaoHHTCa BnpaBo o t H eoöxoaaM oro HanpaBaeHaa ABaareHaa. 3aTeM BoaaTeab Tarawa HawHHaeT noBopawaBaTb p ya eß oe K oaeco b CTopoHy HanpaBaeHaa ABHateHaa a TeM caMUM C03aaBaTb HeoÖ- xoa a M oe naewo M e * a y npoaoabH oä ocbio Tarawa a UiKBopHeBbiM ycTpoacTBOM (Ha pac. 7 nyTb o t 120 a o 110 m) . TaK aa TpaeKTO- pna ÄBHjKeHaa OTaeabHbix saeMeHTOB aBTOnoe3aa HaöaioAaeTCH Ha n poTaa ieH aa Bcero nyTH HeycToawaBoro ÄBH*eHHa.

C ueabio BbiacHeHaa npawHH BHaaHaa Öbiaa 3anacaHbi Ha no- aoTHe aopora a H3MepeHbi TpaeKTopaa ABHJKeHaa saeMeHTOB aB- Tonoe3aa npa caeayiouiHx ycaoBaax acnbiTaHaa (pac. 8 ): ! — npa 6e33a3opHoä cnenae Tarawa c npauenoM; 2 — npa HopMaab-hom cocToaHaa npnuena coraacHO TexHawecKHM ycaoBaaM; 3 __npa noHHJKeHHOM aaßaeH aa b iuaHax nepeaHHx K oaec npauena

Ha 1 Kijcs?\ 4 — npa oTcyTCTBaa CMa3KH b noßopoTHOM Kpyre npaaena; 5 — npa pacnpeaeaeHaa Harpy3KH Ha npaaen coraacHO nponopaan 1 : 8 c yMeHbineHHeM Ha noßopoTHyio TeaeKKy; 6 — b caywae, ecaa abirnao npaaena BbinoaHeHo paBHbiM 4 m bmccto 1,8 M.

H3 pac. 8 b h ah o , wto HaaMeHbinee noKa3aHae aM naaTya Baaii- hhh (npaKTHwecKa He omyTHMux) HMeeTca b caywae, Koraa Ha- rpy3Ka pacnpeaeaeHa coraacHO nponopaaa 1 : 8 c yMeHbineHHeM

fh/rn aßmomada

Pac. 8. rpaijiHK aMnaaTya a aah h boah, npaBeae«Hbix k och a&caacc.

Ha noßopoTHyio TeaeiKKy (pac. 8, Kpaßaa 5 ). B abhhom caywae conpoTHBaeHae noBopoTy noBopoTHoft Teae*K H 3HawHTeabHÖ yMeHbiaeHO, TaK KaK Harpy3Ka Ha noBopoTHyio Teae>KKy BecbMa M aaaa no cpaBHeHHio c Harpy3Koä no TexHHwecKOMy ycaoBHio npaaena.

n p a aaaHHOM abiinae HMeeTca TaKace BecbMa Maaaa, npaKTawe- ckh ne oiayTHMaa, aMnaaTyaa BHaaHaa, TaK KaK TpeöyeTca He- 3HawHTeabHbia yroa OTKaoHeHaa npoaoabHoä oca npaaena otho-

Pac. 9, MexaHawecKaa 6e33a3opHaa caenaa:1 — neTJia flb iiiu ia ; 2 — T oan aT e jib ; 3 — M acaeH Ka; 4 — r H e 3 a o neTJiH ab iu u ia ; 5 — ra fiK a neTAH a w u ia a ; 6 — o t - Ta jiK H B aiom as n p y *H H a ; 7 — ocHOBHaa n o y iK H H a , c>KaTaa a o ycHÄHH 2200 Ke; 8 — ynopH bifl b h h t ; 9 — ra ftK a yn o p -

Hau; 10 — K a p xa c Äb im .ia .

CHTeabHO n p o a o a b H o ä och T araw a aaa c o3 aaH aa H eo ö x o aaM o ro

naew a h (p a c . 8, K paB aa 6 ).n p a 6e33a3opH oä cuen ae (p ac . 9) 3 a$ aK capoB aH O He3Hawa-

TeabH oe yM eH bineHae a M n a a T y a u B H aaH aa (p a c . 8, K paB aa / ). T o a w k h co CTopoHbi n p a a e n a Ha Taraw npaKTHwecKa oTcyTCTBO- B aaa .

AMnaaTyaa BaaaHaa HecKoabKo yMeHbinaeTca npa BBeaeHaa CMa3Ka Meacay noBopoTHbiMH KpyraMa, TaK KaK CMa3Ka cnocoß- CTByeT yMeHbineHHio conpoTHBaeHHa noBopoTy b noßopoTHbix Kpy- rax (pac. 8, KpaBaa 2 ).

OcTaabHbie nyHKTbi ycaoBaä acnbiTaHaa He aaaa noaoatHTeab- Horo 3(})(tieKTa.

C a e ab io BbiacHeHaa B a a a H a a Ha ycToawaBOCTb n p a a e n a T an a T aro B o ä MauiHHbi ö b ia a npoßeaeH bi n poö eroB b ie acnb iT aH aa n p a - a e n a MA3-5212 r p y 3onoa'beMHOCTbio 60 t c ö o a e e m oihhhm ko- aecHbiM TarawoM no cpaBHeHHio c Taraw oM HA3-214. 3 t h acnbiTa- H aa noK a3aaa , w to B aaaH ae n p a a e n a b stom cayw ae n o aß aaeT ca n p a 3HawHTeabHO ö o a b iu e ä ck o p o c th ABHHieHaa, weM c TarawoM HA3-214. I lo c a e a H e e o ö b acH aeT ca TeM, w to ö o a e e m ouihhh T a raw HMeeT ö o a b ia y io ocraTow H yio c a a y Ha KpiOKe a no3TOMy eMy HyiKHO MeHbiaee naew o h n u n co3 aaH aa H e o ö x o aa M o ro MOMeHTa a a a n peoaoaeH H a MOMeHTa conpoTH BaeHHa n oB op oT y noBopoTHoft

TeaeacKH.


JV» 7, 1962 r. ABTOMOÖHJIbHa« npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 27

BblBOAbl1. CpaBHHTe^bHbifi TeopeTim ecKHÜ aHajiH3 ÄBHJKeiiHH npnuenoß

M A3-5212 c .HByxpHÄHbiM pacnoÄOJKeHHeM Kojiec Ha noBopoTHoii T e jieÄ K e h M A3-5208 c o ä h o p h ä h h m pacnoÄOJKeHHeM KOJiec Ha noBopoTHDH TejieacKe, npoBeÄeBHbix c o ä h o h h Aon * e HarpySKOH h TaraHOM, noK a3aji, h to H eoßxoÄH M oe n jieno h ä ä h npn uen a M A3-5212 b 2,5 pa3 a 6oÄbiue, ueM ä ä h n p n u en a MA3-5208, Tau K au nocueÄHHÜ HMeeT ropa3AO MeHbinnn m o m c h t TpeHHH b o n op - HO-nOBOpOTHOM yCTpOHCTBe H B KOJieCaX nOBOpOTHOH t c ä o k k h , HTO H nOÄTBepjKUaeTCH MeiKBeÄOMCTBeHHbIMH HCnblTaHHHMH yK a- 3an H oro aBTOnoe3ua, r a e BHJiHHne n p n u en a He 3aperncTpnpoBaHO.

HcnbiTaHHH n pn u en a M A3-5212 c T aranoM , HMeioiuHM öoÄ biuyio M oujHocTb Ä B n raT e jia , noK a3ajin , h to He3HauHTeÄbHbie b h ä h h h h n p n u en a H anaun <J)HKcnpoBaTbca n pn c k o p o c t h 60 km/wc, b t o BpeM a KaK n pn H cnbrraH nax c cepnnHbiM TaranoM HA3-214 b h ä h - HHe oÖHapyHCHBauocb n pn c k o p o c t h 40 k m / h ü c h aM nuHTyua k o - jieöaH n a ÄOxoÄHUa ä o 60— 70 cm .

2. C uejibio yMeHbuieHua BeÄHHHHbi nonepenHbix KOÄeßaHHß npnuena HeoöxoAHMO paunoHaubHO n KOMnjieKcno npnMeHHTb npn npoeKTHpoßaHHH aBTonoe3ÄOB ßoAbiunx rpy3onoA'beMHOCTeft cue- Ayiomne peKOMeHuauHH:

a) TpeHne CKOAbJKeHHH b onopHO-noßopoTHOM ycTpoficTBe no B03M0JKH0CTH 33MeHHTb TpeHHeM KaHeHHHJ

6) oöecnenHTb He3aBHcnMbift noßopoT nepBoro h BToporo paua Konec noBopoTHon TeueH<KH (npn ÄByxpauHOM pacnouojKeHHH k o - uec Teae^KH) OTHOCHTeAbHO ueHTpa noßopoTa;

b ) yMeHbuiHTb Harpy3Ky Ha noBopoTHyio TeuexcKy;r ) npnMeHHT'- no b o 3m o jk h o ct h OÄHOpauHoe pacnoÄOJKeHne k o -

jiec noBopoTHon TeuescKH;ä ) o6ecneHHBaTb onTH M aubH ue pa3M epbi Äbirnua;e ) yMeHbuiHTb 3a3opbi b coeÄHHHTeubHbix 3BeHbax aBTonoe3Äa;

5k) npHMeHHTb TaroBbie MauiHHbi 6oÄbuieft m oiuhocth ;

3 ) Ha T a ra n a x ä a h noe3ÄOB ßoAbiuoft rpy3onoAT>eMHOCTH no B03M0JKH0CTH CTpeMHTbCa yMeHbuiHTb BbiaeT ÖyKCHpHOTO KpiOKa.

C w c T e M a O T o n j i e H H f l M H K p o j i H T p a a t H o r o a B T O M O Ö H J i H « 3 a n o p O Ä e u »

B. B. K E S E P H H K

3anopo>KCKHM aBT03aBOfl «K oM M yH ap »

O T O n H T E / Ib H A H cn c ieM a aBTOMoßnjiH «3 an op o>K eu » oßec- ne*mßaeT OTonjieHHe nacca>KHpCKoro caJioHa Ky30Ba, o ö ^ y s

jioß o ß o ro cTeKJia b ueJiax ycTpaHeHHH 3anoTeBaHHH hjih 3aMep3a- h h h ero , a TaKxte nporpeB jxBHraTejiH n epea nycKOM n p « h h 3k h x Tew n epaTyp ax oK pyjK a iom efi cpeAU .

ÄBTOMOÖHJib «3 a n o p o > K e u » HMeeT B03,ayiiiHyio CHCTeMy OTonjie- h h h , t . e. b KanecTBe TenjioHocHTejia Hcnojib3yeTcn B03Äyx, no,ao- rpeBaeM bifi b cneunaJibHOM a n n a p a ie — OTonHTeJie,

CncTeMa OTOiuieiiHn 3btom o6h jih c o c t o h t H3 cjie/uyiomHx caiM0CT0HTejib.Hbix ajieMeHToiB:BiCßÄyxan'poBaAa nowanH tBoajiyxa « OTOtiTHTe- jiio äjih HarpeBa, B03A'yixoinpOBOizi,a no,n.aqH ‘H arpeT oro B03m yxa b « 730® h jih k Ä BnraTejno, ycTpoftcTB ßJiH peryjiHipoBaHHH HanpaBJieHHeM noTOKOB iH arp ero ro B03inyixa h h x paonpejieJ ie- HHeM (saoiOHiKH, coinjia h t . n . ) , a rp e ra T a ä jih Hanpeoa ©os^yxa (oTonHTejibHOH ycTaHOBKH).

C x e M a noÄaHH H a rp e ro ro B03jtyxa c o c to h t H3 R B yX CaMOCTOHTeJIbHblX KOHTypOB: 1) o6o~ rp e ß a n a c c a ^ H p c x o ro noMemeHHH ny30Ba h o ß ^ y B a BeT poßoro CTexjia, 2) npeAnycK O Boro n o A o rp eß a ^BHraTeJia. K oH Typ o ö o rp e ß a n ac - ca>KHpcKoro noMemeHHH Ky30Ba h o ß ^ y s a BeT- p o ß o ro CTeKJia HBJiaeTca 3aMKHyTMM. B HeM UH pxyjiH pyeT B03/iyx, ynacTByiom HH b OTonJie- h h h : h 3 Ky30Ba b OTonHTejib, 3aTeM CHOBa b Ky30BHoe npocTpaHCTBO. 3 r a UHpKyjiHUHH ocym ecTBJiHeTca no KaHajiaM B03AyxonpoBO Aa no^anH B 0 3^y xa k OTonHTejiio h H arpe- T oro B03A yxa B Ky30B aBTOMOßHJIH (PHC, 1 ).

B o 3 Ä y x o n p o B O Ä n o u a n n b o 3 ä y- x a ä ä h H a r p e B a . H 3 naccasiH pcK oro noMeiueHHH Ky30Ba nepe3 iueub 1 M e * Ä y BHyTpeHHen oöh bkoh Ky30Ba h noÄyuiKOft 3aÄHero CHÄBHbH B03Äyx 3acacbiBaeTCH BeHTH- ÄHTOPOM OTOnHTeÄH 2 B nOÄOCTb 3, KOTOpaH o6pa3yeTCH M e * Ä y CTeHKaMH ueßoft 6okobh- h h h BHyTpeHHen oöh bkoh 4. f la u e e B03Äyx ABHiraeTCH no s to h t io ä o c th k n p o crp a k c tb y 5, o6pa30BaHH0M y 6pbi3roBHKOM 6, ueßoft 6o- KOBOH CTeHKOH OTCeKa ÄÄH ÄBHTaTeÄH H BHyT- peHHeft noßepxHOCTbio ÄeBoft 6 okob h h h Ky- 30Ba.

B 3aÄHefl nacTH ÄeBon CTeHKH OTceKa ä ä h ÄBHTaTeÄH HMeeTCH OTBepCTHe, C nOMOIUblO K O Toporo 3a6opH biö naT pyßoK OTOnHTeÄH (nepeÄHHH KpbiuiKa 7) cooöm aeTCH c npocT- paHCTBOM 5.

B o3 Ä yx ä ä h HarpeBa b OTonnTeÄb h Ä aaee no KaHaaaM b Ky30B noÄaeTCH oceßbiM BeHTHÄHTOpOM CaMOTO PTOnHTpÄH,

B o 3 ä y x o n p o b o ä n o Ä a n n H a r p e T o r o B 0 3 Ä y x a b K y 3 o b. H 3 OTOnHTeÄH 2 HarpeTbiit B03Äyx noÄaeTCH no Tpy- 6e 8 b ÄeBbift ÄOHHtepoH 9, a o r r y Ä a no B03ÄyxonpoBOÄHOM y n a - TpyÖKy /(?, npoxoÄ H iueM y CKB03b n on epe iH H y I I , no B 03Ä yxon po - b o äh o h KopoöKe 12 h uepe3 okh o 13 — b TOHHeÄb nojia 14. O t 3aÄHeü nacTH no CBOÖOÄHOMy npocTpaHCTBy, o6pa3yiom eM ycH Me>KÄy 3ÄeMeHT3MH opraHOB ynpaBÄeHHH aBTOMOÖHÄeM, KOTopbie BMOHTHpOBaHbl BHyTpH TOHHeAH nOÄa, B03ÄyUIHUH nOTOK ÄBH-

19 15 14 12 10 1 11 4 9 3 8 23 2 5 7

6)

P h c . 1. CncTeMa OTonÄeHHa 3 btom o 6h äh «3 a n o p o *e u » ; a — b h a cöoK y ; 6 — b h a cB epxy .

28 ABTOMOÖHJIbHail npOMMIIIJieHHOCTb M 7, 1962 r.

raeT ca b n epeaH io io nacTb TOHHeaa n o a a , r a e nepe3 m ejießbie 3a- cjiohk h 15 h 16 n o n a aa e T b Ky30B, npn s t o m b nepßyio on epeab oÖ orpeß aeT h o th B oaH T eaa h n a cc a w H p a Ha nepeaHeM cnaeHbe.

H p o x o a a n o t o h h ö iu o n o a a , d o t o k H arpeT oro B o s ay x a OTaaeT qacT b T en aa CTeHKaM TOHHeaa, b pe3yabTaTe n ero ocym ecTB aaeT - c a aonoJiHHTejibHbift n po rpeB B 0 3 ay xa Ky30Ba 3a cneT T en ao o T aa - hh H apy jK H oä noßepxHocTH TOHHeaa, H a x o a a m e ä c a BHyTpn Ky30- e a , h pacnojioaceH H bix Ha HeM saeMeHTOB opraHOB ynpaBJieHHH aBTOMOÖHJleM (pyKOHTKH, KpOHIIITeHHbl).

ripn oTKpbiTbix 3acjioHKax 15 h 16 HarpeTbiä B03ayx npoxoaHT nacTHHHo aajibine Bnepea no TOHHejno nojia h aocTHraeT oTpa- JKaTeJiH 17, KOTopbift HanpaBJiaeT noTOK b tpohhhk B03ayxonpoBoaa 18 oöaysa BeTpoBoro CTeKjia, pac- npeaejiaiomHH B03ayx no nijiaHraM 19 « 20. H o bthm injiaHraM B03ayx noaaeTca aaaee k conjiaM 21 h 22.B h x o ä h nepe3 m e a n con e ji b BHae naocK H x CTpyä,B 0 3 ay x OMblBaeT BHyTpeHHIOIO noßepxHOCTb BeTpO- B o ro CTeKjia.

E can 3acaoHKH 15 h 16 3aKpbiTbi, HarpeTbiä B03- a y x noTOKOM noaaeTCH ToabKo k conaaM oöa yß a BeTpoBoro CTexaa, a 3aTeM CTpyäKaMH — Ha BeT- poBoe CTeKao h b Ky30B, npn s to m oh HMeeT ööab- iu y io CKopocTb Ha Bbixoae H3 m ea eä con ea oöo rp e - BaTeaa. 3 t o co3aaeT B03M0>KH0CTb ycnaeHHa o ö a y - Ba BeTpoBoro CTexaa b cayn ae HeoöxoanM ocTH, ho yM eHbinaeT oöo rp eB Hör BoaHTeaa h naccajKHpa Ha nepeaHeM cnaeHbe.

H a rp e T b iä B 03ayx , n o n a a a a b Ky30B, cMeuiHBaeTca c B 03ayxoM . H axoaam H M ca b HeM, h CHOBa 3 acacbm aeT ca b OTonnTeab.

K oH Typ npeanycK O B oro n o a o rp e ß a aß H raT eaa aBTOMOÖHaa «3 a - n o p o * e n » pa30MKHyT. B HeM oTcyTCTByeT n,HpKyaanHa B 03ayxa . B 3t o m KOHType n o a a n a B 0 3 ayxa a a a H arpeB a ocym ecT B aaeT ca no TOMiy x<e 303aiyx.oin'paBoay, h t o h b KOHType o ö o rp eB a e a o c a - » n p c K o r o noM em eHHa ny30Ba, a n o a a n a H arpeT oro B 0 3 ay xa n po - H3BoaHTca no cnennaabH biM K aH aaaM , cooöinaiom H M BbixoaH oä T p y ö o n p o B o a OTonHTeaa c n oaorpeßaeM biM H aaeM eH Tam h a ß H ra - T e a a (M acaaH biM paan aT o p o M h n n aH H apaM H ).

B B03ayxonpoBoa noaann HarpeToro B03ayxa k aßnraTeaio aaa npeanycKOBoro noaorpeBa BxoaaT rnÖKHä MeTaaaHnecKHä py- KaB 23 h TpyßonpoBoa 24 oöorpeBa aßHraTeaa. Tpy6onpoßoa 24 npeacTaBaaeT coöoä H3orHyTyio noa yraoM pa3Baaa nnaHHapoB Tpyöy aaMeTpoM 34 m m co meaaMH npaMoyroabHoro ceneHHa, Ha- npaßaaiomHMH noTOK HarpeToro B03ayxa Ha npaßyio h aeßyio napbi unaHHapoB, a TaK>xe Ha MacaaHbiä paanaTop aBHraTeaa. TpyöonpoBoa HecrbeMHbiä, oh MOHTHpyeTca noa KO*yxoM BeH- TnaaTopa aBHraTeaa, Haa nnaHHapaMH. üpHcoeaHHHTeabHbiä naTpyöoK TpyßonpoBoaa BbixoaHT H3-noa KOJKyxa BeHTHaaTopa aßH- raTeaa c aeßoä CTopoHu (no xoay aBH*eHHa aBTOMOÖHaa) b OTceK aaa aßHraTeaa. B ycaoBHax SKcnayaTannn aBHraTeaa Bxoa- Hoä xaHaa 3Toro naTpyöxa 3aKpbiT cnenHaabHoä cbeMHoä Kpbirn- Koä.

THÖKHä MeTaaaHHecKHä pyKaB 23 cneM Hbiä h Ha BpeM a n p e a - nycK O Boro n o a o rp e B a aß H ra T e a a H aaeB aeTca oaHHM k o h h o m Ha n aT pyöoK 25 ^ T py öon po B oaa OTonHTeaa, a apyrH M — Ha npn co - eaHHHTeabHbiä naT pyöoK T p y ö o n p o B o a a 24 o ö o rp eB a aß H raT eaa . r ie p e a H anaaoM paöoTbi OTonHTeaa 3acaoH K y 1 OTonHTeaa (pnc . 2) B pyaH yio ycTaH aßaH BaioT TaK, h t o ö m H arpeTbiä B 03ayx n p o x o a n a ToabKO nepe3 naT pyöoK 2 OTÖopa B 0 3 a y x a '(3 a c a o H K y 3aKpbiBaiOT), CHHMaioT 3 aray u iK y 3 c n a T p y ö x a 2 h n a T p y ö x a T p y ö o n p o B o a a 24 (p n c . 1) o ö o rp eB a aß H ra T e a a h Ha OTKpbiTbie naTpyÖKH H aaeßa - io t rnÖKHä M eTaaaHnecKHä py x aB 23, K aH aa KOToporo cooöinaeT oTonH Teab c T py öon po B oaaM H n peanycK O B oro n o a o rp e B a aB H ra T eaa.

B o3 ayu iH b iä noTOK b KOHType o ö o rp eB a aB H raT eaa npoxoaH T n o caeay iom H M K aH aaaM : H3 Ky30Ba aBTOMOÖHaa BeHTHaaTopoM OTonHTeaa B 03ayx 3acacbraaeTca b OTonHTeab, n o c a e n ero no - a a eT c a nepe3 naT pyöoK 25 no K aH aay p y x aB a 23 b K aH aa T py ö o n p o B o a a 24 n o a o rp e B a aß H ra T e a a ; 3aTeM nepe3 neTbipe m ean b CTeHKax 9Toro T p y ö o n p o B o a a CTpyn H arpeT oro B 0 3 ay xa H anpaB - aaiO Tca Ha nnaH H apbi h Ha M acaaH biä p a a n a T o p aßH raT eaa .

Y n p a B a e H H e C H C T e M o ä O T o n a e H H a . H an paB aeH H - eM noTOKa H arpeT oro B 0 3ayxa y n p a ß a ae T Boan T eab BpyHHyio c noM oinbio M exaH H aecK oro n pH B oaa cooTBeTCTByioinHx 3acnoHOK, KaK ö b iao yK a3aH o Bbirne (3acaoH KH 15 h 16 Ha pnc. 1 h 3acaoH - Ka 1 Ha pnc. 2).

YnpaBaeHHe paöoToä OTonHTeaa (BKaioneHHe h BbixaioneHHe) ocymecTBaaeTca BoanTeaeM npn noMomn nepeKaionaTeaa THna n -7ö aan n-300, KOTOpbiä cMOHTHpoßaH Ha naHean npnöopoB. JXsia KOHTpoaa 3a paöoToä OTonHTeabHoä ycTaHOBKH cay>KHT KOHTpoabRaa aaMnoHKa, taKxce pacnoaoaceHHaa Ha naHean npn-Öopoe.

Y npaB aeH H e pe *H M aM H paöoTbi OTonHTeaa (n e p e x o a H3 p e * H - Ma p o 3 * H r a Ha pe>KHM ycTaHOBHBineroca ropeHHH h H3 pea<HMa ropeH H a Ha pea<HM npoayßK H n ocae BbiKaioaeHHa h npexpaineH H a nponeccOB ropeH H a) ocym ecTB aaeTca aBTOMaTHnecKH.

V c T p o ä c T B o o T o n m e a b H o ä y c i a H O B K H . O T on n - T eabH aa ycTaHOBKa c o c to h t H3 K a a o p n ^ e p H o ro a rp e ra T a (o t o - n n T e a a ), ch ctcm h miTaHHa TonaHBOM, CHCTeMbl a aeK T p o o ö o p y ao - BaH'na h a-BTOMaTHKH y n p a B a e »K a , B oaayxam p oB oaa Ha ropenne a ra3 ooT B oaa O TpaöoTaB m nx ra30B (ÄH(J)(l)y3op B u n y c K a ).

5GH3UH hj öav/<a Ha/ ßoidyx.

26 |' zopenue

HanpaSnenuedSu/KeHua

f 16 >s :v

r

1 rajti i amMoc0 epy

Phc. 2. CxeMa ycTpoäCTBa O T on m eaa .

O TonH Teab aBTOMOÖHaa (p nc . 2) c o c to h t h3 caeay iom H X och ob - Hbix a a e r e ä : TenaooöMeHHHKa 4, nnaH HÄPHaecKoro x o a c y x a 5 c nepenH eä KpbiniKoä 6 h 38ähhm T py öon po B oaoM 7; aaeKTponBH - ra T e a a 8 b cöo p e c BeHTHaaTopoM 9 h HarHeTaTeaeM 10\ CBenH HaKaaHBaHna 11 h TeM nepaTypH oro n epeK aionaT eaa 12.

Ha K om yxe OTonHTeaa Ha KpoHurreäHe 3aKpenaeH p e ry a a T o p n on ann öeH3HHa 13 b K aM epy ropeH H a OTonHTeaa.

TenaooÖMeHHHK 4 n pen cT aßaaeT c o ö o ä nByxcreH H biä n oab iä u h - aHHnp, HMeioinHä no TopnaM KoabneBbie ÄHHina, BHyTpb nnaH H a- p a BCTaBaeHa » a p o B a a T py öa 14, KOTopaa cxpen aeH a c TenaooÖ - MeHHHKOM c noM oinbio Tpex npHBapeHHbix naTpyöKOB 15. TaKHM oöpa30M , BHyTpeHHee npocTpaHCTBO » a p o ß o ä Tpyöbi h K oabn e - B aa noaocT b UHaH Hapa TenaooöMeHHHKa M e * n y c o ö o ä co o ö in a - io t c h . B TenaooÖMeHHHK BB apeH u BbinycKHaa T p y ö a 16, TpyÖKa a a a n o aan n öeH3HHa b K aM epy ropeH H a BMecTe c 4>yTopKoä Kpen- aeH na CBenH, a T a K * e n iTynep aaa KpenaeHHa TeM nepaTypH oro nepeK aionaTeaa.

^C a p o B a a T py öa p a3 aeaeH a Ha Tpn nacTH an<))(J)y3opHbiM K oab - UOM 17 h KoabnoM O T p a n o T e a a 18, BBapeHHUMH BHyTpn Hee. B n ep ean eä nacTH H<apoBoä Tpyöbi pacnoaoiK eH KOH(})y3op 19 c HanpaBaaioinHM H aonaTKaM H 3aBHxpHTeaa. Ha T o ä * e nacTH >KapoBoä Tpyöbi KpenHTca K O * y x saeK T poaß H raT eaa 20. K o * y x aaeK T poaB H raT eaa HBaaeTca oaHOBpeMeHHO nacTbio H araeT aT eaa c KaM epoä n o a ß o a a B 03ayxa k KpbiabnaTKe H a m eT aT eaa 10 h BcacbiBaioinHM naTpyÖKOM 21. npocTpaHCTBO H<apoBOä Tpyöbi, 3a- KaioneHHoe M em ay K oabnoM oT p a in aT eaa 18 h aniJn^yaopHbiM KoabnoM 17, a ß aaeT ca K aM epoä ropeHHa. B K aM epy ropeH H a 22 no nnTaTeabH oä T pyön e 23 noaßoaH TCa öeH3HH H3 p e ry a a T o p a no- a a n n TonaH Ba 13. BocnaaM eH eH H e öeH3HHa ocym ecT B aaeT ca cnnpa a b io CBenH H axaaHBaHHa 11. npocTpaHCTBO, r a e pa3Mem eH nexoa -H cnapH T eab cßenn h b KOTopoe n o aß eaeH a nK Taioinaa T py ö - x a , BbinoaHaeT p o ab npeaK aM epbi. B o 3 a y x b s t o npocTpaHCTBO n o n aaaeT H3 KaMepbi ropeHHa. O c T a ab H aa nacTb >KapoBoä Tpyöbi n peacT aB aaeT c o ö o ä KaM epy a o rop aH H a 24, r a e a o ro p a e T p a ö o - n aa CMecb. Haannne aH(|>4)y3opHoro x o a b n a 17 oöecnenH BaeT neTKHä 4>anea naaMeHH ropeHHa. Ha rpaH H ne conpHKOCHOBeHHa aH<}K}>y3opHoro K oabna 17 co CTeHKOä w a p o ß o ä Tpyöbi b H H *H eä nacTH b K oabne 17 HMeeTca OTBepcTHe, KOTopoe c a y * H T aaa can - Ba H ecropeB inero öeH3HHa H3 K aM epu ropeHHa.

Ha BcacbiBaioinHH naTpyöoK 21 OTonHTeaa HaaeT yaan H H T eab - Hbiä naTpyöoK 25, Ha KOTOpbiä H aaeBaeTca pe3HHOBbiä in aaH r 26 3 aö o p a B 03ayxa , H eoöxoaH M oro a a a ropeH Ha TonjjHBa.

K pbiabnaTK a H am eT aT eaa B 03ayxa 10 ancK O Baa, c npaMbiMH paanaabH biM H aonaTKaM H, BbinoaHeHa H3 aaioM HHHeßoro c n aaß a AJI-2 3aoaH O c 3aöopTOBaHHbiM b Hee TenaoßbiM 0Tpa>KaTeaeM H3 » a p o y n o p H o ä e ra a n 1X18H9T. O T p a a o T e a b BbinoaHaeT TaK K e p o ab oÖ TexaTeaa B 0 3ayxa , n o aaB aeM o ro b K aM epy ropeHHa. K pbiabnaTK a K pen n tca Ha o ä h o m KOHpe a^Jia ^ a ^ p o a B H r a t e a a 8

& 7, 1962 r. ÄBTOMOÖHJlbHafl npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 29

h nojiyqaeT o t nero BpameHHe, HeoöxoÄHMoe ä jih ee pa6oTbi no HameTaHHio B03Äyxa b KaMepy ropeHHH. H a ÄpyroM KOHue Bajia sjieKTpoÄBnraTejiH 3aKpenjieH nHTHÄonacTHbift oceBofl BeiiTHÄH- Top 9, K'OTopbin npn BpameHHH noÄaer B03ayx b oTonnTejib. H ä h HarpeBa B03Äyx HarHeTaeTCH b KOJibueBoe npocTpaHCTBO 27 M e*- ay KOJKyxoM OTonHTeÄH 5 h HapyjKHofi CTeHKoii TenjiooÖMeHHHKa 4 h b KOJibueBoe npocTpaHCTBO M e*Ä y »apoBOft Tpyöoft h BHyT- peHHeft CTeHKofi TenjiooöMeHHHKa 4. H a phc. 2 mTpHxoBbiMH CTpejiKaMH noKa3aHo ÄBHxeHHe B03Äyxa ä jih HarpeBa h ÄBHJKeHHe yjKe HarpeToro B03Äyxa, a ch äo iu h um h CTpeÄKaMH •— nepeMeme- HHe B03Äyxa Ha ropeHHe h ÄBHxeHHe OTpaöoTaBuiHx ra30B.

nepeÄHHH KpbiiuKa 6 oTonHTeÄH CÄeaana b b h ä c KO.iena c (jiÄaHneM ä ä h KpenÄeHHH OTonHTeÄH k ö o k o b o ö CTeHKe OTcexa ä ä h ÄBHraTeÄH.

3aÄHHft Tpy6onpoBOÄ 7 CÄyiKHT ä ä h cöopa b oömHft noTOK Ha- rpeToro b OTonHTeÄe B03Äyxa h ä ä h HanpaBÄeHHH b t o to noToxa b KaHaÄ noÄaHH B03Äyxa b Ky30B qepe3 ropÄOBHHy TpyöonpoBO- Äa 7 (npn OTKpbiToä 3acÄOHKe 1) h äh qepe3 naTpyöoK 2 b k3H 3ä CHCTeMbi oöorpeBa ÄBHraTeÄH (npn 3aKpbiToft 3acÄOHKe 1 h o t - KpbiToft 3arÄyuiKe 3 ) . r o p ä o b h h o h 3aÄHHft TpyöonpoBOÄ b x o ä h t b K3H3Ä TpyÖU 8 (pnc. 1) nOÄÄHH B03Äyxa B Ky30B H KpenHTCH Ha Heft cneiiHaÄbHbiM xoMyTOM c ynÄOTHHTeÄbHHMH npoKÄaÄKaMH.

-m to .5

6 munnepy

P hc. 3. CmrreMa nHTaHHH OTonHTeÄH TonÄH-BOM,

Phc. 4. CxeMa SÄeKTpooöopyÄO- B3HHH OTOnHTeÄbHOÖ yCT3H0BKH.

H a KOJKyxe 5 (pnc. 2) o t o h h t c ä h 3aKpenÄeHa KÄeMMHan k o ä o ä - Ka (Ha pncyHKax He noK a3aH a), k k o t o p o ö noÄBeÄeHbi npoBOÄa OTonHTeÄH. Z Iä h ynpaBÄeHHH noÄOJKeHHeM 33c ä o h k h 1 HMeeTCH pyqHoft npHBOÄ, c o c t o h u ih ö H3 k h o h k h h t h t h , c noM om bio k o t o - pbix 33CÄ0HK3 noBopanHBaeTCH Ha och h ycTaHaBÄHBaeTCH b HyjK- HOM nOÄOJKeHHH: «O TKpb lTO » HÄH «3aK pbITO ».

CncTeM a nHTaHHH OTonHTeÄH noKa3aHa Ha pnc. 3. ÜHa pac- CHHTaHa Ha n oÄ a qy 6eH3HHa b KaM epy ropeHHH OTonHTeÄH caMO- TeKOM C nOCTOHHHbIM paCXOÄOM, paBHbIM 0,25 ä/h. ÄIOpHTOBblft uiÄaHr 6eH3onpoBOÄa cooöm aeT nonaaBKOByio KaM epy Kapöiopa- Topa c 6eH3o6aHKOM 1 OTonHTeÄH qepe3 3anopHbift KpaHHK 2. IÜ Ä aH r CÄy>KHT ä ä h HanoÄHeHHH öanKa 6eH3HHOM c noM om bio öeH- 30Hacoca ÄBHraTeÄH (pyqHbiM nOÄKaqHBaHneM h ä h ÄBHraTeÄeM npn p a öoT e Ha x o ä o c t h x o ö o p o T a x ). n o c Ä e HanoÄHeHHH öaqna, b MOMeHT nOHBÄeHHH 6eH3HHa H3 ÄpeHaHCHOft TpyÖKH 3 (a B MO- ÄopHH3HpoBaHHbix öaqK ax nocÄe noHBÄeHHH yKa3aTeÄH npeÄßÄb- Horo ypoBHH b öa qn e ) KpaHHK 2 nepeKpbiBaeTcn. B aqoK OTonHTeÄH 3aKpenÄeH Ha Ä ß yx KpoHinTeftHax 4 b noÄBemeHHOM co c to h h h h BHyTpn OTCena ä ä h ÄBHraTeÄeft.

H3 öaqna 1 b KaMepy ropeHHH OTonHTeÄH 6eH3HH noÄaeTCH qe- pe3 3a6opHbift HiTyuep 5, ÄiopHTOBbift HiÄaHr 6, peryÄHTop noÄa- hh TonÄHBa 7 h nHTaiomyro TpyÖKy 8. PeryÄHTop nOÄann öeH3H- Ha 7 3aKpenÄeH Ha Kopnyce OTonHTeÄH nonÄaBKOBOro THna c hch- KÄepoM b BbixoÄHOM KaHaÄe. H a Kopnyce peryÄHTopa HMeeTCH 9ÄeKTpoMarHHTHbift KÄanaH 9, aannpaiomHft k3H3ä nOÄann öeH3H-

*na k ÄHKÄepy H3 nonÄaBKOBoft KaMepw peryÄHTopa. B cnereMy

nHTaHHH BXOÄHT TaKJKe CÄH'BIIoft ÄKUpHTOBblft H1Ä 3 H'T 10, KOTOpblft c ä v ik h t ä ä h coo6meiH«H ■KaiwnonÄaBKOBoro npocTpa«CTBa peryna- Topa c aTMOcifiepoH h ä ä h CÄWBa ÄHUtiiero 6eH3H«a H3 manÄaaKO- Boft KaMepbi peryÄHTopa.

CncTesja 3ÄeKTpooöopyÄO- B3HHH OTOnHTeÄH (pHC. 4 )OÄHOnpOBOÄHaH C MHHyCOBbIM noÄiocoM Ha Macce. B cocTaB ee b x o ä h t 3ÄeKTpnqecKHe npoBOÄa, yÄOJKeHHbie b nyq- K e o t n ep eK Ä K H ia T C Ä H 1 o to - n m e jis t k käömmihoh n a n e jin 2OTonHTeÄH, KOHTpOÄbH3H Ä8M-noHKa 3, cnnpaÄb 4 k o h tp o ä h HaKaÄa CBenn, CBeqa 5, Ka- TyniKa 3ÄeKTpoMarHHTHoro KÄanaHa 6 h TeMnepaTypHbift nepeKÄioHaTeÄb 7. TeMnepaTypHbift nepeKÄKwaTeÄbBKÄIOHeH B SÄeKTpHMeCKyiOpenb nHTaHHH SÄeKTpoÄBHra- TeÄH 8 OTonHTeÄH h CBeqn HaKaÄHBaHHH KaK SÄeMeHT aBTOMaTHnecKoro ynpaBÄeHHH pe>KHMaMH paöoTbi OTonHTeÄH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT TaMnepaTypbi B 0 3 Ä yx a Ha Bbi- xOÄe «3 OTonHTeÄH. TeMnepa- TypHbift yipoßeHb cpafiaTbrna- HHH HyBCTBHTeÄb'HOrO 3Äe- MeHTa TeMinepaTypHoro nepe- KÄKwaTeÄH peryÄHpyeTCH npH noMom« BHiHTa Ha 3aÄaHHiyio BeÄHHHHy.

TpyÖ K a 28 (p nc . 2) TeM nepaTypH oro nepeKÄioqaTeÄH b m oh th p o - BaHa b OTonHTeÄb b 30He ÄeftcTBHH to p h h h x ra30B h H arpeT oro B 03Ä yxa h KpenHTCH k (^y ropK e Ten.TooÖMeHHHKa OTonHTeÄH c noM om bio HaKHÄHoft raftKH. TeM nepaTypH bift nepeKÄioqaTeÄb BKÄioqeH b nenb SÄeKTpoÄßHraTeÄH 8 (p nc . 4 ) h CBenn HaKaÄHBaHHH 5 OTOnHTeÄH C nOMOmblO npOBOÄOB, KOTOpue COeÄHHHHDT KÄeMMbl H 3 (HOpMaÄbHO 33MKHyTO), H P (H0pM 3ÄbH0 pa30M KHy- t o ) h O TeM nepaTypH oro nepeKÄioqaTeÄH c cooTBeTCTByiomHMH KÄeMMaMH KÄeMMHofi k o ä o ä k h OTonHTeÄH: H (qep H H ft), K (K p ac - Hbift) h C (c h h h ü ). B SÄeKTpnqecKoß uenn OTonHTeÄH ycTaHOB- ÄeH pa3MbiKaiomHftcH npeÄOxpaHHTeÄb TenÄOBora ä c h c tb h h Ha 20 a, KOTopbift BbinoÄiieH 3aoÄHO c nepeKÄioqaTeÄeM ü-76. IT po - b o ä n a iocoB oro nOÄioca nepeKÄioqaTeÄH ü-76 noÄKÄioqaeTCH k KÄeMMe AM 3aMKa 3a?KHraHHH.

Bo3ÄyxonpoBOÄ, nOÄaiomHft BOSÄyx Ka ropeHHe, c o c to h t H3

roijipHpoBaHHoro apMnpyiomeft npoBOÄOKoft pe3HHOBoro h iäh h - ra 26 (pnc. 1) h CTaÄbHoft TpyÖKH 27. CTaÄbHaH TpyöKa 27 BBa- peHa b Ky30B c TaKHM pacqeTOM, h to O h 3aöopHbift KOHeu ee pa3- MeutaÄCH noÄ 33ähhm nOÄOM Ky30Ba b npocTpaHCTBe h h ä Kopo6- Koft nepenaq, htoOm OTonHTeÄb He 3aÄyßaÄO B03ÄyuiHbiMH noTO- KaMH qepe3 BnycKHyio Tpy6y, a Äpyroft KOHep TpyÖKH 27 b u x o ä h t qepe3 nonepeqHyio CTeHKy b o tc ck ä ä h ÄBHraTeÄH.

H a 3 to t Konen TpyÖKH h Ha yÄÄHHHTeÄb BcacbiBaiom ero naT - pyÖKa 28 OTonHTeÄH HaÄeT pe3HHOBbift u iÄaH r 26 B03ÄyxonpoBO Äa n oÄ aqn B 03Ä yxa Ha ropeHHe, b pe3yÄbTaTe q e ro K a n a n BcacbiBaio- m ero naTpyöK a OTonHTeÄH H30ÄHpoBaH o t OTCeKa ä ä h ÄBHraTeÄH, HTO BbI3B3HO CneUHlJlHKOH 3KCnÄyaT3HHH OTOnHTeÄH Ha aBTOMOÖH- n e «3 an o p o 5 K eu ». .UHijKjiyaop Bbinycna 29 BbinoÄHeH b b h ä c T py - 6 bi c qauiKoft, pacum paiom eft KaHaÄ 3 to ö Tpyöbi HeaaÄeKO o t Me- CTa BxoÄ a b KaHaÄ Tpyöbi OTpaöoTaBuiHx ra30B. T(H4)(})y3op b u - nycKa npeÄHa3HaqeH ä ä h o tb o ä 3 ra30B H3 K aM epu cropaHHH o to - nHTeÄH b npocTpaHCTBO noÄ oTceK ä ä h ÄBHraTeÄH.

Hnace npHBeÄeHa TexHHqecKan xapaKTepncTHKa OTonHTeÄH (nacnopTHbie ÄaHHbie npHBeÄeHbi ä ä h CÄyqan p a ö o T b i ö e 3 conpo- THBÄeHHH Ha BbIXOÄe H3 TpyÖOnpOBOÄa OTonHTeÄH).

Ten^onpoH3BoaHTejibHOCTb B K K Ü A j H ........................................................... 1500KojiHMecTBO noAorpeßaeM O ro B 0 3 iyxa b m 3)h .................................. 65CieneHb HarpeBa B03Ayxa b ° C ....................................................................... 80PacxOA Ton jiH Ba b a \ h .............................................................................. 0,25HanpfljKeHne HCTOMHHKa nmaHHA 9aeKTp03Heprneft B e ..................... 12T O K ....................................................................................................nOCTOHH-

HblHMouiHOCTb Ha BaAy BJieKTpoABHraiejifl b a m .......................................... 5H hcjio oöopoTOB Baaa aAeKTpoABHraTejia b M H H yTy • . . 4800B ec OTOtiHTe^a (6e3 OaqKa h AH(})4)y3opa Bbinycna) b k z ....................... 5Pa3Mepbi b m m :

AAHHa............................................................................................................ 484uinpHKa . ................................................................................................. 238 ............................................................................................ 253


30 ÄBTOMoOHJibHaa npoMbJWJieHHocTb JVä 7 , 1962 r.

P a ß o T a O T o n H T e J i H h e r o a r p e r s t o b , OTonHTePb MOJKeT ßblTb nylli,eH B paÖOTy BO BpeMH CTOHHKH hjih npn ÄBHÄe- hhh aBTOMOÖHJia He3aBHCHMo o t paßon ero COCTOHHHH ÄBHraTeJIH « p p y ra x arperaTOB a.BTOMo6hjih .

OTOITHTejIb ÜHTaeTCH SPeiKTipH'HeOKHM TO-K OM OT aKKiyiMyJIHTOpHOfl ßaT apen .

B eC b UHKJI paÖOTbl OTOnHTejIbHOfl yCTaHOBKH CKJiaflblBaeTCH H3 T pex n epn opo B : p o 3 * H r (nycK yCTaHOBKH), aBTOMaTHHecKoe ro - peHne h H arpeB B 03pyxa , n popyB K a (n o c jie BUKPiOHeHHH).

I lp n n y cx e OTonHTePbHOH yCTaHOBKH KHonKa nepeKJHOHaTePH 1 (pHC. 4 ) H3 nOJIOH<eHHH 0 BHBOPHTCH.B nOJIOHCeHHe /. ü p H STOM BKjHoiaeTCH ajieK TpoÄBH raTejib 8 , cßena HaKajiHBaHHH 5 , CHrHaJib- Han jiaM noHKa 3 h KOHTpojibHan cnH pajib 4. T a x KaK TeM nepaTypa, ÄeftcTByioiii.aH Ha T p y ß x y 28 (p nc . 2) T eM nepaTypH oro nepeK jnona- TejiH, H H * e 3apaH Hofl, to k b 3JieKTpHHecK0H nenn, B KOTOpyro BKJiioqeHa CBena h KOHTpojibHan cnnpaJib, npoxopH T ie p e 3 KJieMMy H P T eM nepaTypH oro nepeKjnonaTejiH 7 (p n c . 4 ). B CBH3H c TeM, hto KOHTpojibHaa cn n p a jib h CBena HaKajiHBaHHH noTpeßpnioT tok ßojib inofi CHJibi (okojio 18 a), bo Bceft penn n apaeT HanpniKeHHe, h nosTOM y 3JieKTpopBHraTejib pa3BHBaeT HenojiHoe hhcjio oßopo-1 TOB, a BOJIOCOK KOHTpOJIbHOH JiaMnOHKH He HaKaJIHBaeTCH ÄO Hp- K oro CBeneHHH h bhähmocth ropeHHH paMnoHKH HeT. BM ecTe c TeM KOHTpoÄbHaa c n n p a ab 4 h HHTb H ax ap a Cßenn HaKajiniOTCH äo a p K o ro CBeneHHH.

Bo BpeMH p a 3 o rp e o a OTonHTeJiH b noP O *eH H H / khchikh nepe- KÄKwaTeÄH inopana TonjiHBa BbtKpioneHa, 6eH3HH k cBene h b x a - M epy ropeHHH He nocrym aeT .

i lp n nepeKÄioHeHHH KHonxn nepeKProqaTePH 1 b nopo*eH H e II CBena h apeKTpopBHraTePb ocTaioTCH BKjnoneHHbiMH h npn stom ÄonoÄHHTeabHO BKÄiOHaeTCH KaryniKa spexrpoMarHHTHoro KPana- Ha 6 (pnc. 4 ). n pH 3tom OTKpbiBaeTCH ÄOCTyn 6eH3HHy b Tpyßo- npoßoiÄ 8 (pnc. 3 h k C Bene), rp e o h h BoonpaMeflfleTCH. FIoä peft- CTBHeM ropnHHx ra30B cpaßaTUBaeT TeMnepaTypHbift nepeKmona- Teab. ü p n 3tom uenb nHTaHHH CBenn h KOHTpoabHoft cnnpaan pa3- pblBaeTCH, H OHH OKa3UBaiOTCH BblKPIOHeHHbIMH. B CBH3H C 3THM b oßnieii penn nponcxoÄHT noBUiueHHe HanpnaceHPH ä o homh- HaabHoro, speKTpopBHraTepb nepexOÄHT Ha HOMHHaabHoe hhcpo oöopoTOB, a HHTb KOHTpoabHoft paMnonKH 3 (pnc. 4) HaKaaneTCH ä o npKoro CBeneHHH, hto 03HanaeT OKOHnaHHe p o 3 *n ra OTonn- Tean h Hanaao aBTOMaTHnecKoro ropeHHH c BocnaaMeHeHHeM noÄ ÄeäcTBHeM TeMnepaTypu KaMepbi cropaHHH. .HaPbHeftniHH npo- pecc ropeHHH npoacxopHT aBTOMaTHHecKH npn HenpepuBHoii nopa- i e TonaHBa b KaM epy cropaHHH.

Ä ä h BUKaiOHeHHH OTonHTean HeoßxopHMo KHonKy nepeRPiona- Teaa nepeBecTH b noaoHceHne 0. Ecäh äo sto to OTonHTeab paßo- T aa Ha pe>KHMe aBTOMaTHnecKoro ropeHHH h HarpeBa B03Äyxa, to n p « BbiKatoneHHH ero yK33aHHbiM peftcTBHeM npoHexoÄHT cpepyio- ipee. OTKaionaeTCH KaTypiKa saeKTpoMarHHTHoro KaanaHa h noÄ ycHaneM npyacHHu ocBofioJKpeHHUft o t peftcTBHH aaeKTpoMarHHTa cxepiKeHb KaanaHa nepeMeipaeTCH b HCxopHoe noao»eH H e, Kaa- naH 3ampbrBaeTCH, n o p a n a TonaniBa b K aw epy cropaHHH npexpa- PtaeTCH. TonaHBo, nonaßinee BHyTPb KaMepu cropaHHH eipe äo

P h c . 5. H 3M eHeHne cpepH efi T eM n epaT ypu B 03Ä yxa BHyTpn Ky30- Ba aBTOMoßHÄH «3 a n o p o ? K e p » b 33bhchm octh o t TeM nepaT ypu OKpywaioipero B 03Ä yxa n pn c k o p o c th pBHJKeHHH 30 k m /h h p a -

ßoTe CHCTeMbi OTOnaeHHH Ha H arpeB Ky30Ba.

MOMeHTa 3aKpuTHH KaanaHa, a T aK *e TonaHBo, BUTeKaioiii.ee H3 ßeH3onpoBOÄa 8 (pnc. 3), poropaeT. TaK KaK TpyßKa TeMnepaTypHoro nepeKaionaTeaH Bce enie H 3 x o äh tch noÄ BanHHHeM b u co k o ü TeMnepaTypu ra30B, KaeMMa O (pnc. 4) 33MKHyTa c KaeMMOfl H3, h to oßecnenHBaeT npoÄoaiKeHHe paßoTU saeKTpopBHraTeaH h ro- peHne KOHTpoabHoft aaMnoHKH. Tipp stom KpuabnaTKoft HarHeia-

Tean n p o p o a x a e T nopaB aTbcn CBeJKHÜ B03pyx b K aM epy c ro pa - hhh, neM oßecnenHBaeTCH o x a a K p e H H e K puabnaTKH narHeTaTean, Ha KOTopyio aeöcTByeT BbicoKan TeM nepaTypa K aM epu cropaHHH, a TaKm e oßecnenHBaeTCH OHHCTKa o t ra30B BHyTpeHHero npocT- paHCTBa TenaooßMeHHHKa. 3 a cneT n o pan n c B e * e r o B03Äyxa BHyTpb TenaooßMeHHHKa h b KoabireBoft e ro K aH aa TenaooßMeHHHK h TpyßKa TeM nepaTypH oro nepeK aionaTean ß oaee ß u e r p o o x a a * - paiOTCH. 3 t o t pe>KHM paßoTbi OTonHTean Ha3biBaeTCH npopyBKOH. n o Mepe oxaajKÄeHHH n oÄ orpeT o ro B 0 3pyxa p o TeM nepaTypu , ycTaHOBaeHHOH peryanpoB K oft TeM nepaTypH oro nepeKaKm aTean, n poncxopH T coKpam eHHe ä ä h h u TpyßKH nepeK aronaTean h nepe- KaioaeHHe KOHTaKTOB. U ,enb nHTaHHH saeK T popB H raT ean h cnr- HaahHoft aaiMinoHiKH mpepuiBaeTCH, aaMinoHKa raoneT , a saeK Tpo- P B H raT eab ocTaxaBaHBaeTCH.

TeM nepaTypa p eryan poB K n na cpaßaTbm aHne TeM nepaTypHoro nepeKarowaTean OTonHTean aBTiOMoßnnH «3anoipo>Kem » yCTaHOBae- Ha b n p epeaax 50 ± 1 0 ° .

S l j u j l e K T H B H O C T b p a ß O T b l C H C T e M b i O T O n a e H H H . Phc. 5 HaranaHo paeT npepcTaßaeHne o tom s^^ieKTe, KOTopuft noaynaeTCH o t paßoTU Bceft ch ctcm h OTOnaeHHH npn pa3aHHHbix ypoBHHX TeMnepaTypu OKpyacaiouiero B03ayxa b ÄBHJKeHHH aBTO- MofiHPH c 3apaHH0H CKopocTbio (paHHbie noayHeHU Ha aBTOMo- ßnae «3 a n o p o *e ir » nepßoro onuTHoro oßpa3n,a). KaK bh äho H3

um

P h c . 6. H3MeHeHHe rpaH H ij n o a a npo3panHocTH a o ß o B o ro CTeKaa npn paß oT e OTonHTeabHofl yCTaHOBKH Ha pa3MopaacHBaHHe CTeKaa:

a — ^eBaa nojiOBHHa CTeKaa; 6 — npaBaa nojioBHHa CTeKJia.

Phc . . 7. 3aBHCHMOCTb T eM n epaT ypu to p o b o k h c tc h o k nnaH H a- poB, a T a K » e noÄiiiHnHHKOB h M acaa b K apTepe pBHraTeaH o t BpeMeHH n p o rp eß a OTonHTeaeM npn n o p an e B 0 3pyxa b pa3B aa

UHÄHHÄPOB n o p K 0 * y x :I — KpHBan H3MeH6HHH TeMnepaTypu rojiOBOK uhbhhppob; 2 — Kpiioa« H3M6H6HHH TeMnepaTyPbl CTeHOK UHJIIIHBPOB; 3 — KpHBBB H3MeHeHHH TeM- nepaTypbi MacJia b KapTepe aBHraTejia; 4 — kphbbb H3MeHeHHH TeMnepa- Typu KopeHHux noauiHHUHKOB; I — TeMnepaTypa OKpyjKaiomero B03ayxa;

I I — ocTaHOBKa OTonKTeaa; I I I — nycx ABftraTe.isi.

«pHCyHKa, HeCMOTpH Ha POCTaTOHHyiO TenPOnpOH3BOÄHTePbHOCTb oTonHTePbHofl yCTaHOBKH, HaßjnopaeTCH He oneHb b u co k h h oßo - rpeß Ky30Ba. 3 t o oßBHCHHeTCH, KaK nopTBepscpaiOT SKcnepHMeH- TapbH u e paHHbie, H epocTaTonHoö TenpoH30JiHUHeft h repMeTH3auH- eft Ky30Ba h speMeHTOB B 0 3 p yxon op B op a (b ocoßeHHOCTH Ha n ep - Bbix SKcnepHMeHTaPbHbix h n p o ß H u x cepniiHbix aBTOM oßHPHx), a TaKJKe ßoPbiiiHM conpoTHBPeHHeM K aH ana n o pan n H arpeT oro B03- p y x a . BnocpepcTBHH ß u p n npepnpHHHTbi M ep u no TenpoH30PHitHH Ky30Ba h e ro repMeTH3auHH. Ha aBTOMoßHPHx, B b inycK aeM ux b HacTOHipHH MOMeHT, noKa3aTePH o ß orpeB a Ky30Ba HecKOPbKO b u - rne. KanecTBO paßoTbi OTonHTePbHofi yCTaHOBKH Ha o ß pyB e BeT- po ß o ro CTexpa noKa3aHo Ha pnc. 6. O TpajK eH H aa Ha pncyHKe Kap-

Ks 7, 1962 i1. Ä B T o M ö S r iJ ib H a f l n p o M b ilu j ie H H o c T b 31

THHa H3MeHeHHsi npo3panHoro nonn AoßoBoro CTeKjia ßbuia nojiy- neHa Ha oahom h3 nepBbix aBTOMOÖHAeft, npoxoAHBAiHX HcnbuaHHe b CnÖHpH b ycjiOBHHX TeMnepaTypw oK py*a iom ero B03Ayxa — 17° nocjie bhä6P>kkh aBTOMOÖHJIH Ha flBope b TeieHHe 16 KCKOM aBT03aB0- Ae, noKa3biBaioT, h to npHMeHeHHe oTonHTeJiH b KanecTBe n o a o - rpeßaTeJiH n pn npeAnycKOBOM p a3 o rp eß e ÄBHraTejiH oßecnenHAO Ä0CT3T0HH0 BbicoKHe pe3yAbTaTbi. Ha ohc. 7 npHBeAeH rpa<j>HK33BHCHMOCTH TeM nepaTypbl TOAOBOK H CTeHOK UHAHHÄPOB AßH raTe-

7 1

H 3 r w 6 a ß T o ö y c H o r o

K äh a . TexH. HayK M .

O K H A H ABepH B COBpeMeHHblX aBTOÖyCaX BbinOAHHIOTCH ßOAb- u ihx pa3MepoB. nosTOMy HecymHft aBToßycHbift Ky30B npe-

Bpamae-rcH b koim ß h h npo b aHHy'io oißonoHKOBo-erep)KHaByio r o h - CTpyKHHK) H ÄAH ero HCCAeAOBaHHÖ HaAO KOMnjieKCHO npHMeHHTb MeTOAbl CTpOHTejIbHOH MeX3HHKH TOHKOCTeHHblX KOHCTpyKAHH H

CTepjKHeBblX CHCTeM.K TOHKOCTeHHbIM KOHCTpyKHHHM OTHOCHTCH HH5KHHH HaCTb aB-

T oß ycH oro H ecym ero Ky30Ba a o noAOKOHHoro n o a c a (ocHOBaHHe) h BepxHHH — o t HaAOKOHHoro n o a c a (K pbirn a ).

H3THÖ TOHKOCTeHHblX 3BTOMOßHAbHbIX KOHCTpyKUHH paCCMaT- pwiBaJiCH pan ee [il], (2 ] inpTDMohhtbjibho k HeoymBM Ky30BaM-<J>yp- TOHaM Ha OCHOBe ßaAOHHOÜ TeopHH TOHKOCTeHHblX KOHCTpyKUHÖ. PaccM aTpHBan Ky30B-(J)yproH KaK TOHKOCTeHHyio 6aAKy, b c o o t - BeTCTBHH C STOft TeOpHefi AOnyCKaAOCb, HTO CTepJKHH KapKaca BOCnpHHHMaiOT TOAbKO HOpMaAbHbie CHAbl, a oßlAHBKa — TOAbKO CABHraiomHe. K p oM e t o t o , cHHTaAocb, h to npn oöm eM H3rnße KOHCTpyKAHH HOpMaAbHbie HanpHJKeHHH b ceneHHHX Ky30Ba-({)yp- roHa H3MeHHiOTCH no AHHeHHOMy 3aK0Hy (pnc. 1, 6 ) .

Phc. 1. CxeMbi H3THßa HecyaiHx Ky30B0B aBToßyca ( a) h 4>yproHa (6 ) :

I — p a cn p eae jieH H e H opM ajibH u x HanpajKeHH fl b ceneHHH K y3 0 B a aB To6yca ;I I — p acn p eA eaeH H e HopM ajibHbix HanpaiKeHHft b ceneHHHX Ky30Ba-(J>ypro-

Ha; I I I — (J)h k t h b h u S naHeAH.

AßTOMOßHAbHblft HeCyiAHH Ky30B M05KH0 paCCHHT3Tb H ße3 TH- IIOTe3U O AHHeHHOM 3aKOHe HOpMaAbHHX HanpHJKeHHH, HCnOAb3yH ß oA ee oß n iy io Teopnio, rA e TOHKocTeHHan KOHCTpyKAHH paccM aT- pHBaeTCH KaK CTaTHHecKH HeonpeAeAHM an CHCTeMa. n o aHaAOTHH C MeTOAaMH CTpOHTeAbHOH MeX3HHKH CTep»iHeBbIX CHCTeM COTAaC- Ho 3T0Ü TeopHH AAH TOHKOCTeHHblX KOHCTpyKAHH COCTaBAHeTCH H peuiaeTCH HeoßxoAH M oe k o a h h c c tb o KaHOHHHecKHx ypaBHem ift, H3 KOTOpHX OnpeAeAHIOTCH AHAIHHe HeH3BeCTHbie (oßbIHHO 3T0 nOTO- KH nOrOHHblX KaCaTeAbHblX CHA B AHCT3X oßlAHBKH, AHÖO n po - AO AbH ue ycHAHH b CTep>KHHX K a p K a c a ). rn n o T e s a o ahhcAhom

ah, a TaKJKe noAHinnuHKOB h M acAa b KapTepe, KöTopuft ßtijt n’O- AyneH b H AM H Ha ochob3hhh pe3yAbTaTOB HciibiTaHHft b xo a o - AHAbHOH KaMepe.

B HacTOHiAHH MOMeHT 33BOAOM y x e npoH3BOAHTCH BbinycK aS - TOMOÖHAeft, oßopyAOBaHHbix ycTpöficTBOM ä a h npeA nycK osorO n oA orpeß a . Pe3yAbTaTbi HcnbiTaHHH ch ctcm h npeAnycK O Boro no - A orpeB a noKaabiiBaioT, A to sijxjieKTiiB'HoiCTb ee ßumsiKa k peayA b-

TaTaM, noAyneHHbiM paH ee B H AM H, xO th SaBOAOM n o A o rp e s

M acAHHoro noAAOHa A an ra teA H OTpaßoTaBmHMH raaaM H OTOnfl-

TeAH noKa He npeAycM ätpH Baetcit.

H e c y m e r o K y 3 0 B a

B. L U K O J Ib H H K O B

3aK 0H e HOpMaAbHblX HanpHACeHHÖ O C B O ßoX A aeT OT HeoßxOAHM O- CTH p e in a T b CHCTeMbl T3KHX ypaBHeHHÖ.

HccAeAOBaHHH noKa3biBaioT, hto ßaAOHHan TeopHH tohkoctch- Hbix KOHCTpyKAHH BnoAHe npneM AeM a äah pacneT a Ha H3rnß He- cy iA ero Ky30Ba-cj)yproHa b KanecTBe n ep ß o ro npnßjiHiKeHHH. JXo- nOAHHTeAbHblH yHeT KOHeHHOH JKeCTKOCTH crepHCHeft K apK aca n o - 3B0AHCT nOAyHHTb Ä0CT3T0HH0 TOHHbie ÄAH npaKTHHeCKHX neAeft pe3yAbTaTbi pacneTa.

KoHCTpiyKAHH OlOKÖBatHHH H KpblUIH aBToßyca T3'KaH x e , KaK y Ky30Ba-$yproHa b acaom. BbicoTa ceneHHft s th x naereft aBToßyca c ßoAbniefl AOCTOBepHOCTbio, neM äah Ky30Ba-(jiyproHa, mo- JKeT CHHTaTbCH M3AOH no CpaBHeHHio C ÄAHHOH. nosTOMy K a * - Ayio nacTb Ky30Ba aBToßyca (ocHOBaHHe h Kpbirny) AeAecooßpa3- ho paccHHTbißaTb Ha oßiAHH H3rHÖ TaK >Ke, KaK h Ky30B-cj)yproH no ßaAOHHOH TeopHH TOHKOCTeHHblX KOHCTpyKAHH C AOnOAHHTeAb- HbiM yneTOM KOHenHoft acecTKOCTH KapKaca. JXna yneTa KOHeHHOH H3THßHOH JKeCTKOCTH AOHJKepOHOB H nOnepeHHH MOJKHO BbinOAHHTbpacneT, noAoßHbiß H3A0JKeHH0My b paßoTe [3]. B aahhom CÄynae motkho CHHTaTb npHeMAeMofl (ho He HeoßxoAHMoft) rnnoTe3y o AHHeHHOM 3aKOHe HOpMaAbHblX HanpHAieHHH B ceneHHHX OCHOBa- hhh h KpbiAiH aBToßyca (pnc. 1, a ) . J1,ah Bcero ceneHHH aBToßyc- hoto Ky30Ba (b OTAHHHe o t ceneHHH Ky30Ba-ij)yproHa) b oÖiacm CAynae 33koh H3MeHeHHH HopMaAbHbix HanpHJKeHHH ßyAeT HeAH- HeHHbiM (pnc. 1, a ), ho ßyAeT npnßAHjKaTbCH k AHHeftHOMy no Me- pe yBeAHneHHH H3rHÖHoft JKeCTKOCTH okohhux CToeK, t . e. no Me- pe yMeHbineHHH Bupe30B aah okoh.

Kpbin iK a h ocHOBaHHe coeAHHeHu MejKAy coßoü CTepjKHeBoii CHCTeMOH OKOHHblMH H ABepHbIMH CT0HK3MH (pHC, l , a ) . BHeiAHHe Harpy3KH (BeCOBbie) oßbIHHO npHAOTKeHbl TOAbKO K 0CH0B3HHK) aBToßyca.

HanßoAee yAoßHO paccnHTbiBaTb noAOÖHyio KOMßHHHpoBaHHyio KOHCTpyKAHio, onpeAeAHH nepBOHanaAbHO BHyTpeHHHe ycHAHH b CTep*HeBOÄ nacra KOHCTpyKAHH. ü a A e e paccnHTbiBaeTCH ocHOBa- HHe, Kpbirna H CTOHKH Ha COBMeCTHOe AeßCTBHe STHX yCHAHH H BHeniHeft Harpy3KH.

MaCTO B aBTOßyCHblX K pbllnax BbinOAHHIOTCH Bbipe3bl ä ah a iokob H HAAIOMHHaTOpOB. HaAHHHe STH X Bbipe30B He BHOCHT npHHAHnH- aAbHbix H3MeHeHHH H 3A araeM oro MeTOAa pacneTa. FIpH ßoAbinoM KOAHneCTBe Bbipe30B MOJKeT OKa3aTbCH HeoßxOAHMbIM paCCMaTpn- BaTb h Kpbirny KaK CTaTHnecKH HeonpeAeAHM yio CTepjKHeByio c h - CTeMy.

CHMMeTpHH npaBOH H AeBOH CTOpOH aBTOßyCHOTO Ky30Ba OTHO- CHTeAbHo npoAOAbHoft BepTHKaAbHoö nAOCKocTH HapyiAaeTCH Ha- AHHHeM Bbipe30B a ah ABepefl no npaBOMy ßopTy. B oA ee yAoßHO paccnHTbiBaTb CHMMeTpHHHyiO KOHCTpyKAHH). il03 T0 M y B HH7KHIOIO nacTb Bbipe30B äah ABepefl AeAecooßpa3Ho BBecTH <J)HKTHBHue na- HeAn I I I (pac. l , a ) . TaKHe naHeAH HMeiOT oßmHBKy, aHaAornn- Hyio oßiAHBKe ocTaAbHbix naHeAeft. naH eAH I I I H aBepxy HMeiOT peßpa, pa3Mepbi ceneHHH k o to p h x paBHbi pa3MepaM ceneHHH noA- OKOHHoro noaca A eß oro ÖopTa npoTHB ABepefl.

H ecy in n fl Ky30B aB T oßyca n pn H3rnße 3arpy>KeH coßcTBeHHbiM BecoM, BecoM rp y 3 a h n accascnpoB , BecoM pa3AHHHbix arperaTO B (ABH raTejib, KopoßKa h t . ä - ), a n n a p a T y p n h t . n. 3 t h Harpy3KH M oryT ßbiTb HeCHMMeTpHHHbl OTHOCHTeAbHO npOAOAbHOÖ OCH Ky30- Ba, Bce Harpy3KH nepeHOCHT Ha npoAOJibHyra ocb CHMMeTpHH a * -

32 AßTOMOÖHjibHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb As t , 1962 f.

T o ö y c a , ^oöaBJiH H npn s to m ä ä h necH M M eTpH H H ux jia rpyaoK Kpy- th iu h h m om b h t nö oölU üm npaBHÄaM nepeHOCa ch ä . BeÄHHHHa 3Toro K p yTam ero MOMeßta

M,KPl = Qi ei,

t ä c Qi — BeÄHHHHa nepeHOCHMoft c h ä h ;ei — paccToaH H e o t t o h k h npHÄOJKeHHn c h ä h Qi ä o och

CHMMeTpHH Ky30Ba.

KpyTamHe m om chth M ynh t lib a io tch inpn pacneTe aB ioöyca

Ha KpyneHHe. n p n pacneTe Ha h3th6 yHHTHBawTCH TOÄbKO Te Ha- rpy3KH, KOTopbie nepeH eceubi h äh pacnoÄOJKeHbi Ha och chm m ct-

l4

i, y .

\ f~pj

p,

äfj

f t *2TA

meHHÜ ( ko3(})(|)h u h g h t o b npn HeH3BecTHbix KaHOHHHecKHX ypaB- HeHHft) m o ä h o CHHTaTb, HTO CÄaraeMbie, coÄepjKamHe b 3HaMe- HaTeae J KJ L j K H k’ npeHeßpejKHMO Maabi no cpaBHeHHio cocaaraeMbiMH, coÄepjKamHMH i K. riosTOMy ääh 6e3pacKocHoft 4)ejl- Mbi (pnc. 2, a ), HBÄHiomeßCH pacneTHoft cxeMoft aBToßycHorO Ky- 30Ba, xapaKTepHO to , h to ee nonca HMeioT oneHb 6oÄbiuyio jueer- KOCTb no CpaBHeHHK) CO CT0HK3MH.

n p n oßm eft uecpopM aum i H BrnßaeM oro aoT oßyoH oro KyaoBä npoÄOÄbHbie c h ä h BepxH ero H HHjKHero M ohcob ( A N Kp H AN0' PHC. 2, e ) H3TH6aK)T CTOHKy B nÄOCKOCTH (JiepMbl. ECÄH CTpOHTb ocHOBHyio CHCTeMy, pa3pe3an b TOHKe H epernCa H3om yTbie c to h - kh, t o HeH3BecTHoe M k oöpaTHTcn b HyÄb. ToHKa n e p e ra ß a ctoftkh b oßm eM CÄynae 33bh ch t o t cooTHomeHHft »ceCTKOcTeft CToeK, BepxH ero h HHJKHero noncoB. OneBHÄHo, HTO npH 6ecK0HeHH0 ÖOÄbUIOft JKeCTKOCTH nOHCOB nO CpaBHeHHK) C JKeCTKOCTblO CTOeR TOHKa c HyÄeBbiM H3rn6aiom HM MOMeHTOM ßyÄeT b cepeÄHHe b h - c o t h OKHa. n p n pacneTe 6e3 pacK ocH u x cjiepM HHorÄa cHHTaioT. h to H yaeBan Tonna pcnoÄOJKeHa b cepeÄHHe b h c o t h c to h k h h HcnoÄb3yiOT ee K ax MecTO pa3pe3a b o ch obh oh CHCTeMe. B yÄ eM h ä ä h aBToöycubix CToeK HMeHHO b 3 to h TOHKe BbiÖHpaTb pa3pe3H OCHOBHOH CHCTeMbl. ÜOSTOMy HeH3BeCTHbIMH OCTaHyTCH ÄHUIb Be- ÄHHHHbl XK H N x (p nc . 2, a ).

H3BeCTHO, HTO OCHOBHOH CHCTeMOft MOJKeT CÄyjKHTb ÄIOÖaH KOHCTpyKUHH, nOÄyneHHaH H3 3aÄ3HH0Ö nyTeM y a a jie H u a onpeÄeÄ eH - HOTO KOÄHHeCTBa CBH3efl. OcHOBHaH CHCTeMa MOJKeT 6H Tb He OÄH- HaKOBOH ä ä h K a *Ä O H HeH3BecTHOH BeÄHHHHbi h BHeniHeft H arpy3 - KH. B0Cn0Äb30BaBUIHCb 3THM, nOCTpOHM 3niOpH MOMeHTOB OT

m ts> n

P hc. 2. PacHeraan cxeMa Ky30Ba aBToßyca npn H3ru6e.

pHH xy30Ba. Bce sth Harpy3KH TaK jKe, KaK h npn pacneTe Ky- 30Ba-(})yproHa, npHBOÄHTCH k y3ÄOBOMy bhäY, t . e. k ceneHHHM no xnnaHroyTaM.

ÜOCÄe H3ÄOJKeHHOTO MOJKKO paCCHHTblBaTb TOÄbKO OÄHy H3 noÄOBHH Ky30Ba (npaßyio häh ÄeByio).

Ha pnc. I, a noKa3aHbi npHBeueHHHe y3ÄOBbie chäm P k (hh- ÄßKC o6o3HanaeT HOMep uinaHroyTa) — BeÄHHHHbi y3ÄOBbix Ha- rpy30K Ha OÄHy cTeHy o t noÄe3Hoft Harpy3KH, Beca Ky30Ba h arperaTOB. Chäh P k BH3BaHbi ueftcTBHeM peccop Ha Ky30B. B 33BHCHM0CTH OT KOHCTpyKUHH ÄOHJKepOHOB H nOnepeHHH CTe- hh Ky30Ba ÄorpyjKaiOTCH CHÄaMH P k [2], B03HHKaiomHMH npn ÄecJiopMauHH Kapuaca hhjkhch nacTH ochob3Hhh noÄ ÄeftcTBHeM npHÄOJKeHHbix HenocpeÄCTBeHHo k Heft Harpy30K. JXnn Ky30Ba aBTOßyca chäh P k b cbh3h c MaÄoft bhcotoö ochob3hhh öypyr BH3HB3Tb ßoÄbuiHft 3(J)(J)eKT, neM ääh Ky30Ba-(J)yproHa.

PacuerHaH cxeMa noÄOB'HHH KyaoBa npemcTaiBÄeHa b bhäg 6e3- pacKOCHoft $epMbi Ha pnc. 2, a. CToft'KaMH (jiep.MH CÄyjKaT cToft- KH OKOH H ÄBepeft aBTOÖyCa. MoMeHT HHepUHH iK H BHC0T3 CTOÜKH (JiepMbl h paBHbl COOTBeTCTBeHHO MOMeHTy HHepUHH OKOH- Hoft häh ÄBepHoft CToeK OTHOCHTeubHo och ceueHHH, nepneHÄHKy- ÄHpHOft nOBepXHOCTH Ky30Ba, H BbICOTe OKHa. BepXHHM H HHH<HHM nOHCaM 4)epMbI npffllHCblBalOTCH MOMeHTH HHepUHH J k—1, k H J°k— „* b npouere MejKuy k— 1 ,h k uinaHroyTaMH, paBHbie nOÄOBHHe MOMeHTa HHepuHH nonepeHHbix ceueHHft kphuih h ocHOBaHHH ot- HocHTeubHO cooTBeTCTByioiUHx ropH30HT3ÄbHHX oceft.

Be3pacKOCHan (JiepMa (pnc. 2, a) n = 3 m hhcäo pa3 CTaTHnecKH HeonpeÄeÄHMa ( m — hhcäo naHeÄeft). B khjkäom ceneHHH k-ü CTOÜKH OÖHapyJKHBaiOTCH TPH HeH3BeCTHbIX CHÄOBblX (}laKTOpa (pnc. 2, 6 ): nonepeneHaH cnua x K, npoÄOÄbHan cnua N K h h3th- öaioiuHft MOMeHT M k . J(äh onpeÄeÄeHHH sthx bbähhhh Hauo co- CTBBHTb H peiUHTb CHCTeMy H3 tl KaHOHHHeCKHX ypaBHeHHH. Co- CTaBÄeHHe h pemeHHe Taxoft CHCTeMbi BbinOÄHHeTCH oöhhhhmh MeTOÄBMH CrpOHTeÄbHOft MexaHHKH.

ynnTbiBaH , hto aBToßycbi HMeioT b cpeiuHöM 10 natHeÄeft no ääh- He CHCTeMa ÄOÄJKHa COCTOHTb B CP6ÄH9M H3 30 yipa'BlHeK'Hft H pac- Her CT3H0BHTCH DpaM'03>ÄJKHlM. IloSTOMy BOOnOÄb3yeMCH pHÄOM OCO- ÖeHHOCTeft aiBTOÖyCHblX KOHCT.pyKUHft, n03B0ÄHI0IUHX ynpOCTHTb pacweT.

H3TH6HaH JKeCTKOCTb OKOHHblX CTOeK B aBTOÖyCHHX Ky30BaX 3H3HHTeÄbHO MeHbUle H3THÖH0ft JKeCTKOCTH KpHIUH H B OCOÖeHHO- CTH 0CH0B3HHH. FIopHÄOK BeÄHHHH J%P_j R J J °R_ j R ÄÄH OÖHH- HblX aBTOÖyCHHX KOHCTpyKUHÜ COCTaBÄHeT COOTBeTCTBeHHO 5—10 cm4; 1000— 2000 cm*; 20000 cm*. Otckjää BHTeKaeT BajKHan ocoöeHHOCTb aBToßycHoro Ky30Ba, no3BOÄHioiuaH pe3KO ynpocTHTb Bce ÄaÄbHeftuiHe pacneTH. Flpn bhhhcä6hhh 6ähhhhhhx nepeMe-

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Phc . 3. S n io p n MOMeHTOB ot BHeumeft Harpy3KH h ähuihhx HeH3- BeCTHHX B OCHOBHblX CHCTeM3X.

KaJKÄOft HeH3BeCTHOfi BeÄHHHHbi H BHeiUHeft Harpy3KH B CBOefi OCHOBHOÜ CHCTeMe, 3aßOTHCb ÄHUIb O TOM, HTOÖbl OHa 6bIÄa re o - MeTpunecKH HeH3MeHHeMofi, a aniopbi m o m c h t o b npocTHpaÄHCb Ha MHHHM3ÄbHO B03MOJKHOM KOÄHHeCTBe yHaCTKOB nOHCOB H CTOeK 4>epMbI.

Ha pnc. 3, a, 6, e , z nocTpoeHbi smopu m om chtob o t BHeuiHeft Harpy3KH H yCÄOBHO eÄHHHHHblX CHÄ X K B HeCKÖÄbKHX OCHOBHblX CHCTeMax. KajKÄÄH ocnoBHan CHCTeMa noÄyneHa H3 3auaHHoft ny- TeM pa3pe3a Bcex, KpoMe o äh o ü , CToeK ok oh h ÄBepeft. C h ä h x k Ha3blBaiOTCH yCÄOBHO-eÄHHHHHbIMH nOTOMy, HTO OHH He C3MH paBHbl euHHuue, KaK s t o nacro npHHHMaeTCH, a paBHH eÄHHHue y3ÄOBbie 3HaneHHH MOMeHTOB, KOTopbie BH3HBaiOT CHÄH XK (pnc. 3, 6 , e , z ) . C h ä h x k b KaJKÄOft o ch obh oö CHCTeMe nonepe- MeHHo HanpaBÄeHbi b pa3Hbie c to p o h h c TeM, h to 6 h BU3HBae- Mbie HMH B03MOJKHbie nepeMemeHHH 6 h ä H nOÄOJKHTeÄbHUMH.

nepeMemoHHn b och o bto ft cucreMe, BbrHHCÄeitHHe nyTeM nepe- MHOJKeHHH aniop (puc. 3), MoryT ÖHTb 3anncaHH 6e3 yneTa Äe-

Ns 7, 1962 r. AßTOMOÖHJlbHan npOMbllUJieHHOCTb 33

4>apMauHÖ noHCOB no cpaBHeHHio c ne4>opMan.HHMH CToeK b cne- ay iom eM BHne:

lle p B a n rp y n n a ypaBHeHnfl:

3 E J

3 E Jx o ( h “1" ^-i) 4 ~ * 1 1 ^ Aop =

C.— X« 4" ^K + 1 >

K, K + 1 — /7£ + 1

3 E Jxöf.i 4 “ Xi Q i 4 - >.2) 4~ X 2H 4" ^ Ajp — 0;

_ _ 3F.J A „ „ 4 -xQ-2 + X 2 0-2 + X3) + -X3X3 + _ . “ 2P T “ 6P = 0; (4 )

h 2

A _ 2 t M ° I M ° \ aK ,K + l IOC ( _ n « + 2 ^ a K P -------+ ^ + ^ -------- KK ,K + IV l >

E J

f rocC- J K, K + 1

(1 )

- ^ 3 "l“ X 3Q.3 -f- X4) -f- .£4X4 4

- ^ 3 + -*4 4~

3 E J A 3p + ASP

h

1 3 £ 7

20;

X4 /iA 4p = 0;

n e E J — npoH3BOJibHaa BenHHHHa b kzcm 2\

M ° , M ° + l — op Ä H H a™ sniopbi MOMeHTOB o t BHeinHeft Ha-

rpy3KH b ochobhoh CHCTeMe (pnc. 3, a ) ; aK ,K + 1 — nponeT (paccTOHHne Men<ny ctohk3m h) naHe-

neft.

XIjIH Bbl6paHHbIX OCHOBHblX CHCTeM K3H0HHHeCKHe ypaBHeHHH nojiynaiOTCH TpexnneHHbiMH h 3anncbiBaiOTCH ä jih k -ü c to hk h b cjieÄyioiH,eM BH,ne:

x o h + x 7 (X7 • h X-s) 4

B io p a n rp y n n a ypaBHeHnfl:

X 2 Q'2 + X3) -f- X 3 X3 4 -

3 E JA7P “

3E J A2P A 6p ^

— ~ 3 E J A ,p — A in^ 2X3 + * 3 (x3 4 - U ) - [ - — ^— • 3P 2 5P - = 0 .

(5)

•*4 _ i xK 4 - x k (x « 4 " xk+1 ) + -*4+ i x ^ 4 -3 E J

hA*P = 0 . (2)

^ h c jio T3KHX ypaBHeHnfl paBH o KOJinnecTBy naHenefl rti no äh h - He Ky30Ba. PIosTOMy cncTeM a ö y aeT cocTOHTb b cpenHeM H3 He- c h t h ypaBHeHnfl. UeJ iecoo6pa3H O a a n e e ncnojib30BaTb n acT n ray io peryjinpHOCTb aBToßycH bix KOHCTpyKunfl c TeM, h t o ö h pa3ÖHTb 3Ty cncTeM y Ha Ä ße He3aBHCHMbie.

7 i 111| 1 1 rrm? r 1 umj = f 7 1

1 ^

7

M M

S 5! I« 3

% \ \ n

1. .. I U 7

L f 1 'e 5I V kfTi

a)

7 7 i i

1 1 1 0

U z Jr m f

l? I; ol L I7 ßtf 5

P n c . 4. Snropbi MOMeHTOB b ochobhm x CHCTeMax äh h ynacTKa ny30Ba cnMMeTpHHHoro OTHoenTejibHO npo.ieTa 54.

B KOHCTpyKHHH aBToßycHoro Ky30Ba (cm. pnc. l , a ) mojkho Bbi- ÄejinTb ynacTOK Mescfly CToftKaMn k —2 n k = 7 , KOTopbift HMeeT ocb CHMMeTpnn, npoxonam yio nepe3 cepen.HHy naHenn 45 (Menc- Hy CToftKaMn k = \ n k = 5 ) . CnMMeTpnHHbiMH öyaeM cnnTaTb Tanne KOHCTpyKHHH, y KOTOpblX BeJIHHHHa MOMeHTOB HHCPHHH, KOH- (JjnrypaHHH h y n u HaKJioHa CToeK OÄHHaKOBbi no oö t ctopohm och CHMMeTpnn. ü h h h u nponeTOB n ceneHnn noncoB MoryT 6uTb h HeoHHHaKobbiiMh, TaK KaK He^opmahhhmn hohcob no cpaBHe- hhk) c Äet}>opMaHHHMH CToeK npeHeöperaeM.

T o n a Ha ynacTKe Ky30Ba, HMerameM ocb CHMMeTpnn, uejieco- oöpa3Ho jinniHne Hen3BecTHbie pa3ÖHTb Ha CHMMeTpnnHbie n k oco - CHMMeTpnHHbie cocTaBJiaromne n crpynnnpoBaTb hx, KaK noKa3a- h o Ha pnc. 4, a h 6 . __

BeJIHHHHbl CHMMeTpHHHblX X K H KOCOCHMMeTpHHHblX X K CO- CTaBaarouinx HeH3BecTHbix yHOBJieTBopaioT paßeHCTBaM:

Pem an ypaBHeHHH (4 ) , (5 ) h ncnoJib3y a ({jopM yjibi (3 ) , onpe-h

ÄeJWKDT Bce nnniHHe Hen3BecTHbie x K , yBeJinneHHbie b ~ pa3.

E cjih qacTb Ky30Ba, HMeroman ocb CHMMeTpnn, c o c to h t H3 HeT- Horo nncjia naHenefl, t o CTonna, pacnononceHHaH Ha ocn chm- MeTpnn, paccjiaHBaeTca Ha Äse c MOMeHTaMH HHepnnH, paBHbi- MH nOJIOBHHe MOMeHTa HHepHHH OCeBOft CTOftKH. 0 6 e nOJIOBHHbl c to ö k h pa3ÄBnraioTCH Ha npeHeöpencHMO Maaoe paccTOHHne. Ä an nojiyneHHoft TaKHM oöpa30M naHenn c oneHb MaJibiM nponeTOM KaHOHHnecKoe ypaBHeHne öyaeT OTJiHnaTbca OTcyTCTBneM c b o ö o ä - h oto HJieHa. CBoßoHHbift HJieH h jih SToro ypaBHeHHH m ojkho chh- TaTb paBHbiM Hyjno b cbh3h c Majioft h h hh oh nepeMHO*aeMbix sniop, nocTpoeHHbix b o ch obh oh cncTeMe b nponeTe s t o h naHenn. HanpnM ep, ecnn Ky30B, H3o6pa>KeHHbift Ha pnc. 1, a , HMen ocb CHMMerpnH Ha ynacTKe Mencny CToftKaMn 1 = 1 n 7, t o croflKy k = 4 Hano pa3ÖHTb Ha HBe c mom chtom HHepnnn 0,5t4- n pn stom CBOÖOHHblfl HJieH A 4P CJieHyeT CHHTaTb paBHbiM Hyjno.

ÜJIH BblHHCJieHHH HeH3BeCTHbIX npOHOHbHUX CHJI CTOeK ’ N K BOcnonb3yeMCH ochobhhm h cncTeMaMn, KOTopbie npnMeHHJincb HJIH HeH3BeCTHbIX x K .

O h h h k o h to 6 h He ycjioiKHHTb pacHeTa, KpaflHne HaKJioHHbie cto h k h ßyneM cnpnMJiHTb, KaK yKa3aHO Ha pnc. 3, d. 3niopbi ycjiOBHo enHHHHHbix chji (pnc. 3, d, e ) opToroHaJibHbi BceM pa- Hee nocTpoeHHbiM sniopaM h Hpyr Hpyry, ecnn no-npeiKHeMy npe- HeöperaTb HetJiopManHHMH noncoB no cpaBHeHHio c He^iopMauHH- mh CToeK. riosTOMy KaiKHoe KaHOHHnecKoe ypaBHeHne hhh HeH3- BecTHbix N * ßyneT HMeTb bhh

n X k + ^ k p = 0 .

Ko3({)(J)HnHeHT 6 ^k onpeneJiHeTCH nyTeM nepeMHoaceHUH ca-

Mofl Ha ceßn sn iopH (pnc. 3, e ) ; cb oöoh h h h njieH BbinncjiHeTCH nyreM nepoMHo>KeHHH smiopbi, H3oßpa>KeHiHoft ba pnc. 3, a, Ha sn iopy, H3oßpa>KeHHyio Ha pnc. 3, e.

Bupa>KeHHe h jih Hen3BecTHofl nponojibH oft c h h u N k 3anncbi- BaeTCH B 33MKHyTOM BHHe

(2 M°K + l + M ° K) E i K+x

6 EJ°K% + lh(6 )

X 2 — X 2 4 “ X 2 , X$ — * 3 — X s ,

X3 = X 3 -j-X 3 , Xg = X 2 — X 2.(3)

3n iopb i, H30öpa>KeHHbie Ha p «c . 4, a, 6 n 3, 6 , e, z, opT oroH anb- Hbi n p y r n p y ry , nosTOM y CHCTeMa KaHOHHHecKHX ypaBHeHnfl (2 ) pacnanaeTCH Ha n s e rpynnbi.

r to cn e To ro KaK BeHHHHHbi x K h N K onpeHeneHH, motkho npn- CTynnTb k nocTpoeHHio sn iop H3rn6aioLHHX MOMeHTOB bo Bcex sne- MeHTax Ky30Ba aBToßyca.

JIhh okohhhx CToeK sniopbi MOMeHTOB ynoßHO CTpoHTb nyTeM CHO*eHHH sn iop, H3oßpa»<eHHbix Ha pnc. 3 ,6 , 0 , z, yMiioiKeHHbix cooTBeTCTBeHHo Ha x K_ i ; x K; htk + 1 , c sniopaMH, H3 jopa3KeHHbi-

MH Ha PHC. 3, Ö, e, yMHOTKeHHbIMH COOTBeTCTIieHHO Ha

1 a K —1, K> X Ka Ki K + J.

H3THßaiOmHfl MOMeHT B fe-fl CTOftKe, B TOHKe COeHHHe ’HH C OCHO- raH neM , paßeH

K m = X K - 1 + * * + ^ « - 1 1 ,«•

34 ÄBTOMOÖHJIbHaSI npOMbllUJieHHOCTb JV» 7, 1962 r.

J Ijih nocTpoeHHH sniop H3rHÖaioiuHx MOMeHTOB b Kpbiiue h o c h o - BaHHH Ky30Ba ueJ iecoo6pa3H o yuaÄH Tb c t o h k h , 33MeHHB h x Ä eö - CTBHe CHJiaMH h MOMeHTaMH, KaK noKa3aH o Ha pn c . 5. Terua H3-

M,

f * = t, x n. (8 )

n=0

noc jie npHHHToro ÄonymeHHH pacneT Ky30Ba Ha ÄeöcTBHe CHJI, B03HHK3IOmHX B (JlHKTHBHblX naHejIHX, CT3H0BHTCH CTaTHHe-ck h onpeÄeJiHMMM.

C 'H aqajia oupeiaeÄsnoTCH BeÄwnwHbi h o to k o b noroHHbix K acaTejib- Hbix chji b oÖuiHBKe npHJieraiom Hx k ÄBepHOMy npoeM y naHejieft. BMHHCJieHHe yaoÖ H o HanHHaTb c ycHJiHfi b naHejiH, npHMbiKaiom eö

Phc. 5. Harpy3KH, ÄCHCTByiomHe Ha Kpbirny h ochob3iHhc Ky30Ba, npn oÖmeM H3rnÖe.

THÖaioiuHfl MOMeHT b ceneHHH ocHOBaHHH no k- u y mnaHroyTy onpeaejiKTca no (jiopMyÄe

* — 1 K

n = 0 n s= 0

rfle l K,n — paccTOHHHe o t c h ä h ä o paccM aTpH BaeM oro cenehhh;

t/c — paccTOHHHe o t ueH Tpa T H *ecT H ceneHHH o c h o b3Hh h , paccM aTpH B aeM oro KaK cocTaBH an ÖaÄKa, ä o M ecra COeÄHHeHHH CTOHKH C OCHOBaHHCM.

B 9tom * e ceneHHH o ch ob3 h hh Ky30Ba ÖyaeT ÄeöcTBOBaTb npoÄOÄbH an ch ä3

k2

k oKOHHOMy Bbipe3y. H anpH M ep, BeÄHnnHa <73,4,1,2 b oöuiHBKe n a - HeÄH 3 ,4 ,1 ,2 onpeÄeÄHeTCH H3 ycÄOBHH paBHOBecHH CTepjKHH KapK aca M e * Ä y y3Ä3MH (2 ,3 ) h ( 2 , 4 ) :

N .2,3i,:2 - ‘- fl34

H 3 ycÄOBHH paBHOBecHH cT ep *H e ft M e * Ä y y3ÄaMH (0 ,4 ) h (2 ,4 )

OopMyabi ä ä h H3rn6aiomero MOMeHTa h npoÄOÄbHoö c h ä h b k-u ceneHHH k p h ih h 3anHinyTCsi aHaÄornnHO BbipaKeHHio (8 ), ho

ä ä h KpbllHH b (JiopMyÄe (7 ) P „ = P n = 0 .

H c x o ä h H3 sn iop H3rHÖaiom Hx MOMeHTOB, c tp o h tc h sn iopbi ne- pepe3bm aiom H x chä, no k o to p h m M oryT BbinHCÄHTbCH noTOKH noroHHbix K acaT eÄ bH ux ch ä b oöuiHBKe K a *Ä O Ö naHeÄH. R a n e e aHaÄOTHHHo TOMy, KaK 3 to CÄeÄaHo b paÖOTe [2 ], H3 ycÄOBHÖ paB - HOBecHH K aiK Ä oro Bbipe3aH Horo CTepjKHH K apK aca Ky30Ba nOÄ ÄeftcTBHeM chä, npHÄOJKeiiHbix HenocpeÄCTBeHHO k HeMy, h noTO- k ob noroH H bix KacaTeÄbH bix ch ä, 3aMeHHiomHX ÄeöcTBHe oöu ihbkh , m ojkho onpeÄeÄH Tb b HeM npoÄOÄbHbie c h ä h h BbinHCÄHTb H anpn - JKeHHH.

noroHHbie KacaTeÄbHbie c h ä h ä h c to b oöu ihbk h h npOÄOÄbHue c h ä h CTepjKHeft KapKaca, BHUHCÄeHHbie H3ÄO*eHHHM cnocoÖOM, OT.HOCHTCH K KOHCTpyKUHH aBTOÖyCHOTO wy30Ba, Ke HMeiomero Äßepeö. M t o ö h ynecTb HaÄHune ÄBepeft, h coöxoäh m o yÄaÄHTb BBeÄeHHbie paHee (JiHKTHBHHe naHean I I I (pnc. l , ß ) , npHÄOJKHTb K Ky30By B03HHK3I0IUHe B HHX yCHÄHH C 0 6 paTHbIM 3H3K0M H BTO- poft pa3 paccnHTaTb Ky30B Ha ÄeöcTBHe s t h x ycHÄHÖ.

Ha pnc. 6 noKa3aHbi yCHÄHH, 3aMeHHiomHe ÄeöcTBHe nepeÄHeö 4>hkthbhoh naHeÄH Ky30Ba 2, 3, I , 2 (nepBbie Äße uH<J)pu n o x a - 3HBaioT, M e K Ä y k3khm h iunaH royTaM H, a BTopbie Ä ße — M e w a y k3khm h CTpHHrepaMH pacnOÄO>KeHa n aH eÄ b ). BÄO Äb C T ep *H eö MeHÄÄiy y3ÄaMH (1 , 2 ) — ( 2 ,2 ) : (1 ,3 ) — ( 2 ,3 ) h (1 ,2 ) — (1 ,3 ) npHÄOHteHbi noTOKH noroHHbix KacaTeÄbH bix ch ä <72,3,1,2 (o ä h o c to - poHHHe CTpeÄKH), paBH bie no ßeÄHHHHe, ho oöpaTHbie no 3HaKy noTOKy, B03HHKaiom eMy b ÄHCTe oöu ihbk h (J ihkthbhoS* naHeÄH 2, 3, 1, 2 (cm . pnc. l , a ) . B y3 Ä ax (2 , 2 ) h (2 ,3 ) npH Ä O *eH bi Hop- M aÄ bH ue c h ä h A^2,2 h JV2,3, paBHbie no BeÄHnHHe, ho oöpaTHbie no3HaKy B03HHKaiOIII,HM B 3THX y3ÄaX H0pM3ÄbHbIM CHÄ3M, ÄÄH CÄy- nan, KorÄa b äbcPh om npoeMe ycTaHOBÄeHa <}>HKTHBHaH naHeÄb.

OßpaTHM BHHM3HHe Ha TO, HTO CHCTeMa CHÄ, 3aMeHHK)IIIHX ÄeöcTBHe yÄaÄeHHOH naHeÄH, caMoypaBHOßemeHa (pnc. 6 ). FIo- 3TOMy BbI3B3HHbie eK) yCHÄHH B naHeÄHX Ky30Ba MOJKHO npHHHTb 3aTyxaiomHMH Ha ÄÄHHe nepßbix ÖÄH3Äex<amHX k Bbipe3y naHe- ÄHX. yCHÄHH B CTepjKHHX H3MeHHIOTCH TaK >Ke, KaK H npH OÖlUeM H3THÖe Ky30Ba, no ÄHHeÖHOMy 3aKOHy.

O3 , 4, 0,1 - % 4, 1, 2^12

fcoi

IlaiHeÄ'H MewÄiy imnaiH.royTaMH 1 h 2 HenpHMoyroÄbHbie. H o 3 to - My ocTaHOBHMCH Ha onpeÄeÄeHHH noTOKOB noroHHbix KacaTeÄbHHX

Phc . 7. F Iotokh KacaTeÄbHbix ch ä b oöuiHBKe TpaneuneBHÄHOÖnaaeÄ H :

I — 6 — to h k h KOHTypa naHejiH .

CHÄ B HX OÖUIHBKe ÖOÄee nOÄPOÖHO. 3aMeHHM KpHBOÄHHeÜHbie CTopoHbi 3 th x naHeÄeft npHMofl ÄHHHeft a— 6— e (pnc. 6 nyHKTHp- Han ä h h h h ) . M e * Ä y iunaHroyTaM H 1 h 2 b npaßoft öoKOBHHe ooHoßaiHHH noÄynaioTCH ä b c TpaineuneBHiaHbie naHeÄH: a, 2, 0, 1 h 1, 2 ,1 ,2 . PaccMOTpHM OTÄeÄbHo paBHOBecne TpaneuneBHÄHOÖ naHeÄH, H 3oöpa*eH H O H Ha pnc. 7.

B oöuiHBKe TpaneuneBHÄHOH naHeÄH (p nc . 7) noTOKH K acaTeÄbHbix c h ä nepeMeHHwe. PaccM aTpH Ban paBHOBecne o Öu ih b k h n aH e-

JV» 7, 1962 r. AßTOMoÖHjibHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 35

jik Ha OTpe3Ke Mearay aöcunccaMH x 4 h x5 h c h h t3 h q3i SaÄaHHbiM, MOJKHO nOJiyHHTb 3HaHeHHe qx B npOH3BOJIbHOM CeneHHH X 9T0F0 ynacTxa o ö ih h b k h b caeayiomeM Baue:

' x 4 \2Qx = ?34 j

H a npHMoyroJibHOM y n a c rx e n aH ean M earay aöcunccaM H x$ h Xe IIOTOKH KaCaTejIbHHX CHJI paBHbl H nOCTOHHHbl

(h 34\2Q25 = Qm = 934 y— -J = co n s t.

H to ö h He yHHTbmaTb nepeMeHHbie noToxn xacaTeabHbix chji, uacTO Ha TpaneuneBHÄHbix ynacTxax oöu ihbkh 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 (pnc. 7 ) npHHHMaiOT epeÄHHe nOCTOHHHbie 3HaHeHHH nOTOKOB.

CpeÄH H e 3HaHeHHH MOJKHO npHHHM3Tb ÄHÖO Ha XaJXÄOM H3 ynacTKOB n aH ean iuhphhoh A no (jiopM yae (p nc . 7).

q ^ = q x J + I ’

ä h ö o Ha Bceft TpaneuneBH ÄHoft n a c ra n aH ean no (jiopM yne (pnc . 7 )

h u<734

^25(9)

B naHeJiax M e jx u y u inaH royTaM H 1 h 2 (pnc . 6 ) npnHHTbi c p ea - Hne 3HaneHKH nOTOKOB xacaT eabH bix ch ji: ä ä h BepxHeft naHejiH _(/ , 2 , 1 , 2 ) Ha y n a c rx e Me>KÄy ropH30HTaaaM H 1— 1 h ö— e

( q g 2> i, e) h Ha Beeil noBepxHOCTH HHJKHeft naHejiH (9 a ,2,0,1) .

C H a n a a a o n p e u e aa e T c a 3HaneHHe n ocro aH H oro noTOKa K aca TejibHbix chji BepxHeft nacTH naHejiH M e jxuy ropH30HTajisiMH e a h 2, 2. n p H 9T0M paCCMaTpHBaeTCH paBHOBeCHe CTepiXHH MejKÄy y3- jiaMH ( 1 , 2 ) h ( 2 , 2 ) . T o r a a

N,Qi, 2 , e, 2 —

2,2

a 12

H a a e e no 4>opMyae, aHaaorHHHoft Bbipa>xeHHK> (9 ) , o n p eae -

jiaeT ca cpeÄH ee 3HaneHHe n oT oxa qs , 2, 1, «. PaccM aT pH B aa paB H oaecn e crapoxHeft M eacÄy yaaaiMM ( 0 , 2 ) h ( 2 , 2 ) ; (0^3 ) 11

( 2 , 3 ) , mojkh'o n o c a e H3Jio>xeH,Horo onpeaejiH Tb BeaHUMfly 92, 3,0,1-

3nx>pbi npoÄOJibHbix ch ji b CTepjxHax x a p x a c a , npHM bixaiouinx x Bbipe3y n o a ÄBepb, c tp o h tch , h cxoäh H3 ycaoBHft paBHOBecHa, x a x 3 to cneJiaHo b p aöo T e [2 ]. H a a npHM epa Ha pnc. 6 n o c rp o e - Hbi sn iopbi npoÄOJibHbix ycnjinft CTep>XHeft. K a x bhäho H3 pncyH - xa , H a jim n e Bbipe3a noÄ ÄBepb co3ÄaeT b ÖHH3ne}xaiuHx c r e p x - Hax x a p x a c a ycH an a , noaoÖHbie TeM, KOTopbie B03HHxaaH 6bi b HHX npH MeCTHOM H3THÖe 3TOÜ OÖHaCTH ' Xy30Ba. 3aMeTHM, HTO noayneHHbie sn iopbi n poaoabH b ix chä npnöaH>xeHHbie. OaxTHHecxH b erep jK H ax n naH eÄax, pacnoao>xeH H bix 3a BepTHxaÄHMH 1— 1 h 4 — 4 Ä'OJDKHbi Tax>xe iBoaHH'xaTb ycHÄHH [iHaimpHiMep, ;b ysaaix (2 , 1 )

h ( 2 , 4 ) npoÄOÄbHbie chäm He ö y a y T paBHbi Hyaio]. O a H a x o BeÄHHHHbi 3 th x chä. ö y a y T MaÄbi, He ö y a y T BÄHaTb Ha Bbiöop pa3 - MepoB CTepjxHeft, nosTOMy ueaecooöp a3H o He ycaoJXHHTb pacneT.

H an pa jxeH H oe cocToaHHe CTepixHeft x a p x a c a aBTOöycH oro x y - 30Ba o n p e a e a ae T c a cyMMapHbiMH ycHÄiiaMH, BbiHHCÄeHHbiMH 6e3 yneTa h c yneVoM Bbipe30B noÄ ÄBepb.

E cäh oöuiH Bxa naHeaeft TepaeT ycTOHHHBOCTb, t o b c re p jx H a x B03HHK3I0T ÄOnOÄHHTeÄbHbie CHÄbl. EcäH CTepjKHH COeÄHHeHbl C OÖmHiBKOH aXCmeHTpHHHO, TO B HHX nOHBÄHIOTCH H3Tw6aiOUI,He MOMeHTH. B c e 3TH (jlaKTOpbl yHHTHBaiOTCa TOHHO T ax >xe, xa x H ÄÄa xy30BOB-(J)ypr0H0B.

B n p e Ä e a a x npHHHTbix Äonym eHHÜ CTeneHb ynacTHa xpbiuixH aBToßyca b e ro oöm eM H3rn6e 33bh ch t o t m om chtob HHepuHH ce- H0HHH CT06X H OQHO'BaiHHa, HO H e 33I3HCHT OT HarHÖHOH »eCTKOCTU xpbiniH (MOMeHT HHepuHH ceneHHa xpbiniH He b x o ä h t hh b OÄHy H3 (jio p M y a ). 3 t o m ojxho oö'bacHHTb h aornHecKH. E cäh H3THß,Haa jxecTxocTb CToex HeÄOCTaTOH'iia, t o yiBeaHneHHe H3rHÖH0H jk cc t- k o c th xpbiniH He noßbioHT o 6m eö npoHHocTH aBTOoyca. B n p e a e ab - hoim ca y n ae , mpw 'HyaeBoft h3th6hoh »e c T K O c rn oxoHHbix CToex, nepeM em eHHa ocHOBa'HHa h wpbimH aB T aöyca ß y ay T ,He3aiBHCH)Mbi- mh h n ocaeÄ H aa He ß yaeT 3HaHHTeabHo BanaTb Ha oö m y io npon - HOCTb KOHCTpyKUHH.

JIMTEPATyPA

1. LU x o a b h h x o b M. E., «ABTOMOÖHabHaa npoMbiuiaeH-HOCTb» AT» 10, 1960.

2. III K o a b H H X O B B. M., «ÄBTOM OÖHabHaa npoMHHiaeH-HOCTb» JSls 6, 1961.

3. III x o Ä b H H x o B B. M., «ABTOMOÖHabHaa npoMbimaeH-HOCTb» N» 8. 1960.

P e j K H M O M e p n y x b — B p e M f l

B. r. COKOJIOB

HAMH

D H AM H co3Äan pejxHMOMep nyTb— BpeMa. 3 t o MexaHanecxHÜ *-* npnßop c saexTpanecKHM ynpaBaeHHeM, xoT opu ft peracTpH- pyeT BpeMa paöoTbi aBTOMOönaa h ero arperaTOB, hhcäo BxaioHe- hhh hx b p a öoT y h nyTb, npoxoaHM biö aBTOMOÖHaeM Ha paßoH iix n epeaanax .

K a jx Ä b iö H3 Tpex napaM eT poB (BpeM a, hhcäo BxaioHeHHH h nyT b ) perH CTpnpyeTca OTÄeÄbHbiM MexaHH3M0M. OaHOBpeM eHHoe ynpaBÄ eH H e TpeM a MexaHH3M3MH ocy iuecT B aaeT ca caM ocToaTeÄb- hhm a a a x a * Ä o ß n ep eaan n saexTpHHecxHM ä b th k rom , ycTaHOB- aem ibiM Ha aBTOMOÖHÄe. H an aÄ O h xoH eu OTcneTa cooTBeTCTByiOT MOMCHTaM 3aMbIKaHHa HÄH pa3MbIXaHHH COOTBeTCTByiOIUHM Ä3THH- kom aaexTpH H ecxoö u en n : a x x y M y aa T o p — ä b th h x — Tpn n a p a a - a e a M io BxaioHeHHbix perH CTpupyiom H x MexaHH3Ma — a x x y M y a a - Top.

K a T y u ix a SÄexTpoM arHHTa (H a saexT pocxeM e oHa Ha3BaHa x a - TyiuxoH sa e x T p o y n p a ß a e H H a ) b s to h u en n aöÄHeTca TeM 3BenoM, nepe3 xo T o p o e ocy iuecT B aaeT ca ynpaBÄeH H e xa>XÄbiM perncTpH - pyiom HM MexaHH3MOM. y MeX3HH3Ma OTCHeTa BpeMeHH SÄeXTpO- M aniH T pacTopMa>KHBaeT 3aBeÄeHHbie nacbi h' n ycxaeT hx b xoä . y MexaHH3Ma OTcneTa n n caa BXÄiOHeHHH saexTpoM arH H T HBaaeT- ca nacTbio saexTpoM arH H TH oro cneTHHxa HMnyabcOB. y MexaHH3Ma OTcneTa nyTH 3ÄexTpoM arHHT xa>K Äoro cneTHHxa ocym ecTBaaeT XHHeMaTHHecxyio CBH3b aaH H oro cneTHHxa c npHBOÄOM o t TpaHc- mhcchh aBTOMOÖHaa. O tc h c t nyTH anaÄorHHeH OTCneTy cyM M ap- H oro cneTHHxa nyTH, H M eiom eroca b x a *Ä O M cnnaoM eTpe, h kh- HeMaTHxa npHBOÄa Ta * e caM aa .

S aexT p un ecK aa cxeM a (p nc . 1) c o c to h t H3 a ß y x cxeM (H a pnc. 1 ohh pa3ÄeÄeHbi inTpnxoBbiMH ähhhhm h) : a e B a a H BaaeTca s a e x - TpHHecxoH cxeMoft caM oro n pn 6 o pa , a n p a ß a a — aaexTpH necxoft cxeM oö noÄxaioHeHHH n p n ö o p a ääh paöoTbi Ha aBTOMOÖHae.

B OTaHHHe o t Ä p y rn x noTpeöH Teaeö saexTposH eprH H , HM eioiunx- ca Ha aBTOMOÖHae, 3Äecb npnHHTa Ä ßyxnpoB O Ä H aa CHCTeMa s a e x - TpOnpOBOÄXH, HTO HBÄHeTCH OÖH33TeUbHbIM yCÄOBHeM HaÄeHCHOÖ paöoTbi n p n ö o p a npn HOMHHaÄbHOM H anpa»ieH H H H cnoab3yeM oro a x x y M y aa T o p a 12s.

BxÄioHeHHe h BbixaioHeHHe n pn ö o p a ocy iuecT B aaeT ca b h xä io - naTeaeM THna T yM öaep h KOHTpoanpyeTCH aaM n o ö .

Flpn cocTaBaeHHH H acToaiueö cxeMbi yHTeHa B03M0JXH0CTb hc- nÖÄb30BaHHH ÄaTHHxa ÄBH>xeHHa aBTOMOÖHaa. B s th x y caoB H ax BxaiOHeHHe pea<HMOMepa ceftnac >xe n o c a e n y cx a Ä B H raTeaa oöec - neuHT yneT x o ä o c to h paöoTbi Ä B H raTeaa nacaM H B 7 h chcthhkom XOÄHHeCTBa BXÄiOHeHHH K B 7.

npn TporaHHH aBTOMOÖHaa c MecTa ä 3 th h k ÄBHJxeHHa aBTOMO- ö « a a Ä i , 3aiM«HyiB saexTpHHecKiyK) uenb , oöeoneHHT yneT paöoTbi aBTOMOÖHaa (B peM a ÄBHixeHHa h xoaHHecTBo TporaHHH c M ecTa) CHeTHbIMH MexaHH3M3MH Be H K B ß H OÄHOBpeMeHHO, nOMOIUbK) peae PCM-3, bm käiohht aHaaorHHHbie M exaHH 3Mbi B 7 h K B 7.. Ta- KOBa HÄea ncnoab30BaH Ha aaTHHxa ÄBH>xeHHa aBTOMOÖHaa b H a- CToameM pe*H M O M epe .

O cT aabH bie aaTHHKH paöoT ax iT o t cooTBeTCTßyioiuHX MexaHH3- mob ynpaßaeHHa aBTOMOönaeM.

36 ÄBTOMo6HJIbHan npOMbllUJieHHOCTb ffs 7, 1962 r.

Bce MexaHH3Mbi h wacra n p n ö o p a CM O H rapoßaH u Ha 3aÄHefi CTopoHe BepTHKajibHOH naHejiH n p n ö o p a h iij io th o 3aKpbiTbi CbeM- HblM MeTajIJIHHeCKHM KOpnyCOM (pnc. 2 ). flpn TaKOÜ KOMnOHOB-

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BHJiKa u irencejibH oro pa3T>eMa, B b ieryn a iom afl H3 x o p n y ca c3a- ä h n p n ö o p a , cjiyjKHT jxjih öbicTporo , yAoÖ H oro n H aêK H o ro co- eÄHHeHHH n p n ö o p a c sjieKTpnnecKHMn npoBOAaMH, HAyiUHMH ot aKKyMyjiHTOpa n äh th h ko b .

H hjkhioio nacTb n p n ö o p a 33HHMaeT H anöojiee cJiojKHbin b npn- öo p e MeXaHH3M oTcneTa nyTH. 3 t o t MexaHH3M cBH3aH c aBTOMO- ÖHJieM 3JieKTpnnecKH nepe3 AaTnnKH, paöoT aiom H e o t pb in a ra ne- peKJiioneHHn nepe,nan, h KHHeMaTnnecKn c TpaHCMnccnen aBTOMO- öhjih qepe3 rnönn n b hjih k .

P h c . 1. 3AeKTpHnecKan cxeMa pentnMOMepa:a — aêKTpH êcKaH cxeM a; 6 — cxeM a 3JieKTpH*iecKoro nojiKJiioqeHHJi p e *H M O M epa , B\—B7 — KaTynncH 3JieKTpoynpaBJieHHH MexaHH3MaMH o t - cneTa BpeMeHH KBX—KB7 — KaTyuiKH 3JieKTpoynpaBJieHHH cneTHHKaMH q n c jia BKJiioqewHft, /7i— 774 — K ary iiiK H 3JieKTpoynpaBJieHHji CMeTHHKaMH n y rn Ha paÖOHwx nepe,na*rax 3b tom oÖ h jih (m id jpb i npH ÖyKBeHHbix o öo - 3HaqeHHHX COOTBeTCTByfOT nOpHÄKOBbIM HOMepaM MeX3HH3MOB, yKa3aHHbIM Ha naHejiH n p n ö o p a h ynpaBJineM bix aanH oft KaTyu iKoft 3JieKTpoM arHHTa); M l — 3JieKTpHHeCKHft A3THHK flBHJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHJIH; JX2 — SJieKTpHHO- CKHft ÄBTHHK TOpMOHCeHHH aBTOMOÖHJIH’, — 3JieKTPHHeCKHft ABTHHKp a ö o rb j aBTOMOÖHJIH Ha paÖOHHx n ep ea a n a x . PCM-3 — p e jie , 1, 3, 5, 7,

8, 10, 12. 14 — KOHT3KTH u iT en ce jibH oro ipa3T>eMa.

Ke y a o ö n a cöopK a h bo3Moxkch ö b iC T p u ft ÄOCTyn ko BceM BH yr- peHHHM MexaHH3MaM h HacTHM n p n ö o p a 6e3 c ie M a Bcero n pn öo - pa, ycTaHOBJieHHoro b ab to m o ö h Ae.

X Iah a ro ro ÄOCTaTOHHo OTBepHyTb qeTbipe BHHTa, pacnojio>KeH- hmx no yraaM naHejiH npnöopa.

Bec npnöopa 3,5 k z , ero paaMepbi 238 X 246X 130 mm. BepxHiOK) nacTb npnöopa 3aHHMaiOT ceMb MexaHH3M0B oTcnexa BpeMeHH, pacnoJio>KeHHbix b ÄBa pnÄa.

r o j io b k h ä jih 3aBOÄa Bcex nacoB BHBeÄeHH Ha BepxHnft Kpaft naHeÄH, rÄ e ohh pasM em eH U b anennaAbH bix BbieMKax. K a *Ä b if t MexaHH3M oT cn era BpeMeHH irpeÄCTaBAHeT coöoft cneunaÄbHbiH Ko-pnyc, b nepeÄHeft n a c r a KOToporo ycraHOBAeH MexaHH3M o t HapynH bix n aco ß « Y p a A » . B 3aÄHeft q a c ™ K opnyca, Ha npnKpen

ÄeHHon k HeMy naHeÄH, ycTaHOBÄeH SÄeKrpoMarHHT, ocy - m ecTBÄHiom Hö n ycn nacoB.

K a »Ä b i f t MexaHH3M OTCieTa BpeMeHH h ä o th o 3aKpbiT 3aiUHTHbIM CT3K3H0M H3 np03paHHOrO UeÄÄyÄOHÄa, Ha ÄHO KOToporo BUBeÄeHbi Ä ß a KOHTaKTa ä ä h noÄCoeÄHHeHHH SÄeKTpoMarHHTa b sÄeKTpHHecKyro cxeM y n pn ö o p a . S ä c k t - poMarHHT K a *Ä b ix nacoB noTpeÖÄHeT t o k 0,07 a.

CpeÄHHH nacTb npnßopa 3aHHTa MexaHH3M0M oTcneTa HHCÄa BKÄK>HeHHH. Oh npeÄCTaBÄHeT coöoft ceMb SÄeKTpo- MarH'HTHblX CHeTHHKOB HMnyÄbCOB, CMOHTHpOBaHHblX Ha oömeM KpoHuireftHe. ZIäh s to to HcnoÄb3oßaHbi cTaHÄapTHbie cneT- hhkh, ho c HeKOTopoft nepeÄeÄKoft, oÖycÄOBÄeHHoft coxpameHHeM HX ÄÄHHbl. KaHCÄblH CHeTHHK nOTpCÖÄHeT TOK 0,14 a. Okhh b naHeÄH ääh HaÖÄiOÄeHHH 3a nOKa3aHHHMH chcthhkob 3aKpbiTU 0 6 -LUHM CMOTpOBbIM CTeKÄOM.

MeTbipe oKHa b HHXHeft nacTH naHeÄH npnöopa, Tosce 3aKpbiTbie OÖIUHM CMOTpOBbIM CTeKÄOM, nOSBOÄHKDT BeCTH OTCHeT npOÜÄeH- Horo aBTOMOÖHÄeM nyTH Ha paöonHX npeÄeÄax.

B HHjKHeft nacTH naHeÄH cÄ eßa pacnoÄOHceHa KOHTpoÄbHan Ä aM na, yKa3biBaK>maH Ha BKÄtoneHne npHÖopa b aaeKTpHiecKyro uenb, a cn p a ß a — TyMÖÄep, oöecneHHBaiom Hft s t o BKÄKweHHe. I llT y u e p CHH3y n p n ö o p a CÄyjKHT ä ä h noÄCoeÄHHeHHH rnÖKoro npHBOÄa OT TpaHCMHCCHH 3BT0M0ÖHÄH K MeX3HH3My OTCHeT3 nyTH.

Phc. 2. Pe*HMOMep n yT b — BpeMH.

H a pnc. 3 noKa3aHa npocTpaHCTBeHHan KHHeMaTHnecKaH cxeM a MexaHH3Ma o icn eT a nyTH.

riepBHIHHblft B3ÄHK 1 B HHJKHeM TOfHle HMeeT KB3ÄpaTHOe OT- BepCTHe ÄÄH COeÄHHeHHH c FHÖKHM B3ÄHK0M. B CpCAHeft H3CTH

Pnc. 3. KHHeMaTHHecKaH oxeM a Mexa- HH3Ma OTcneTa nyTH ( p h m c k h m h UHîpa-

m h oöo3HaneHbi nepeÄaH H ).

BaAHKa HMeeTCH nepBHK, KOTopbift BMecTe c nepBHHHoft mecTepHen Ha npoMejKyTOHHOM BaAHKe 2 oöecnenH BaeT e ro Bpam eH ne h Bpa- uieHne Ä p y rn x ÄeTaÄeft. B BepxHeft nacTH BaAHKa HMeeTCH b t o - poft nepBHK, KOTopbift nepeÄaeT Bpam eH ne ÖÄOKy m ecTepeH 3 ne- pe3 nepBHHHyio mecTepHio, Hape3aHHyio b cpeÄHeft nacTH sToro ÖAOKa. CaM ö a o k m ecTepen 3 c b o ö o ä h o c h ä h t Ha HenoÄBHJKHofi och 4.

JA 1, 1962 r. ÄBTOMOÖHJlbHan npOMb!UIJieHHO£ft>

n o KOHuaM öjioKa pacnoAOJKeHU Äße OAHHaKOBbie uhahhaph- qecKHe mecTepHH 5 h 6, KOTopbie HaxoAHTCH b nocTOHHHOM 3a- uenjieHHH c cooTBeTCTByromHMH napa3HTHbiMH mecTepHHMH 7 h 8.

KajKÄaa napa3HTHan mecrepHH BMOHTHpoBaHa b CBoe Kopo- MblCAO 9 H 10, KOTOpOe HMeeT B03M0>KH0CTb nOBOpaqHBaTbCH Ha HeKOTopbiH yroji BOKpyr och BpameHHH BeAymnx mecTepeH 5 h 6, Tax KaK och hx coBnaAaioT. 3Ta ocoöeHHocTb n0330AHeT napa- 3hthhm mecTepHHM 7 k 8 oÖKaTbiBaTbca BOKpyr cbohx BeAymnx uiecTepeH 5 h 6 Ha yroA, BeiiHHHHa KOToporo ÄOCTaTOHHa äah BbixoAa napa3HTHbix mecrepeH H3 3auenjieHHH c BeAOMbiMH mecTepHHMH 11 h 12. nocTOHHHo AeftcTByiomaH Ha KopoMUCJie npy- iKHHa 13 coxpaHueT pa30MKHyToe cocTOHHHe napa3HTHbix rnecTe- peH 7 h 8 c BeaoMUMH mecTepHHMH 11 h 12. BeAOMbie mecTepHH 11 H 12 JKeCTKO CBH3aHbI C ÖapaÖaHHHKaMH, OTCqHTHBalOmHMH TblCHTObie AOJI.H KHAOMeTpa, H HBAHIOTCH MaCTblO CHeTHHKOB 14 H 15, OTCHHTbiBaiomHX nyTb abtomoShah Ha nepBoft h BTopoft nepe- Aaqax.

TaKHM o6pa30M, pa30MKHyToe noAoiKeHHe mecTepeH oöecneqn- BaeT BKAioqeHHe cueTUHKOB nyTH, KOTopoe coxpaHneTCH BnAOTb äo 33MbiKaHHH SAeKTpHuecKOH uenu, ynpaBAHiomefl paöoTofi sthx CMeTHHKOB. nOSTOMy BO BpeMH ÄBHHCeHHH aBTOMOÖHAH HaKaTOM, KorAa puqar riepeKAioqeHHH nepeAaq HaxoAHTCH b HeÜTpajibHOM nOAOJKeHHH H HH OÄHH Ä3THHK He BKAKMeH, TpaHCMHCCHH Mexa- HH3M3 OTCHeTa nyTH paÖOTaeT BXOAOCTyiO. üpn BKAKmeHHH, Ha- npHMep, nepBoft nepeAaqn bbtomoöhah cooTBeTCTByiomHH äht- hhk, CBH3aHHbiH c pbiqaroM ynpaBAeHHH KopoÖKoft nepeAaq, coeAH- HHeT SAeKTpOMaTHHT 16 C äKKyMyjIHTOpOM (CM. PHC. 1). SAeKTpO- MarHHT npeoÄOAeßaeT HaTH*eHHe npyjKHHbi 13 h npuTHnmaeT HKOpb 17, KOTopbift HBAHeTCH HaCTbK) KOpOMUCAa 9. KopOMUCAO npn stom noßopauHBaeTCH BOKpyr CBoeft och KaqaHHH h bboäht napa3HTHyio mecTepmo 7 b 3auenAeHHe c mecTepHeft 11.

HauHHaeTcn OTcqeT nyTH 8btomo6hah Ha nepBoft nepeAaqe CHeTHHKOM 14, KOTOpblH 3aK3HHHBaeTCH npH BblKAKmeHHH ABHHOH nepeAaqn, KorAa sacktpombthht öyaer OTKAioqeH o t aKKyMyAH- Topa. SAeKTpoMarHHT KajKAoro cqeTHHKa nyTH noTpeÖAHeT tok 0,14 a.

Tohho TaK JKe ocym ecTBAneTCH ynpaBA eH ne cqeTHHKaMH, otchh- TbiBaiomHMH nyTb aBTOMoÖHAH Ha A p y rn x n epeA aq ax . OTcqeT n y TH Ha TpeTbeft n ep eA aq e BeAeTCH c TOMHocTbio He äo TbicaqHbix äo- Aeft KHAOMeTpa, KaK Ha nepßbix A ß y x n epeA aq ax , a äo cothx äo- Aeft KHAOMeTpa, a Ha qeTBepTOft n epeA aqe — äo AecnTbix AOAeft KHAOMCTpa. 9 t»M OÖyCAOBAeHO OTAHqHe 'B KHlHeMaTHKe npHBOAa nocAeAHHx A ß yx cqeTHHKOB Ha yqacTKe o t nepBH qH oro BaAHKa ao BeAym eft mecTepHH, HaxoAnm eftcH b nocTOHHHOM 3au,enAeHHH c napa3HTHOH mecTepHeft. PaccMOTpHM 3Ty qacTb KHHeMaTHqecKoft cxeMbi MexaHH3Ma OTcqeTa nyTH.

npHBOA TpeTbero cqeTHHKa, OTcqHTbmaiomero nyTb 3btomoöh- ah Ha TpeTbeft nepeAaqe, ocymecTBAneTCH ot npoMeiKyToqHoro BaAHKa 2 qepe3 u,HAHHAPHqecKHe mecTepHH 18, 19, 20 h 21, H3 ko- Topbix mecTepHH 20 h 19 cocthbahiot 6aok mecTepeH TpeTbeft ne- peAaqn, a mecTepHH 21 hbahctch napa3HTHoft.

nocAeAHHft cqeTqHK, oTcqHTbmaiomHft nyTb 3btomo6hah Ha qeT- BepToft nepeAaqe, to x e npHBOAHTCH b AeftcTBHe o t npoMejKyroq- Horo BaAHKa 2. JJah 3Toro Ha npaBOM ero KOHiie HMeeTCH qepBHK, KOTopbift HaxoAHTCH b 3auenAeHHH c qepBHHHoft mecTepHeft, Hape- 3aHHOft Ha HHJKHeM KOHiie BTOpHUHOrO BaAHKa 22. BepXHHft ko- Heu 3Toro BaAHKa eme qepe3 OAHy qepBaqHyio napy cbh33H c öaokom mecTepeH qeTBepTOft nepeAaqn 23. U,HAHHApHqecKaa uie- CTepHa 3Toro 6aok3, pacnoAOJKeHHaa cnpaßa (Ha cxeMe OHa 3a- KpbiTa CapaöaHqHKaMH cqeTHHKa), HaxoAHTCH b nocTOHHHOM 3a- HenAeHHH c napa3HTHoft mecTepHeft 24.

Baokh mecTepeH TpeTbeft nepeAann 20, 19 h qeTBepTOft nepeAa- HH 23 CBOÖOAHO CHAHT Ha 0 6 meft HenOÄBHlKHOft och 25.

Ecäh no pOAy npOBOAHMblX HCnblTaHHft eCTb B03MOÄHOCTb OT- Ka3aTbca ot yqeTa paßoTbi kopoökh nepeAaq, to peiKHMOMep no- 3BOAneT yqHTbmaTb paöoTy Aioöoro arperaTa hah MexaHH3Ma aß- TOMOÖHAH no BpeMeHH, KOAHHeCTBy BKAIOqeHHft HX B paÖOTy H nyTH, npOXOAHMOMy aBTOMOÖHAeM C TOHHOCTbK) äo 0,1; 0,01 HAH 0,001 km. CoeAHHeHne ähthukob c pemHMOMepoM qepe3 KOHTaK- Tbi 3 h 5 (pnc. 1) AacT yqeT nyTH c TOHHOCTbio äo 0,001 km , qepe3

KOHTaKT 7 — C TOHHOCTbK) AO 0,01 KM H Hepe3 KOHTaKT 8 AO 0,1 KM.

n p n ß o p MOlKeT HaftTH npHMeHeHHe AAH OUeHKH 3<}>4>eKTHBHOCTH TOpMOJKeHHH aBTOMOÖHAH (c onpeAeAeHHOft CKOPOCTH H äo nOA- hoü e ro oct3hobkh) , aah oueHKH Bbißera aBTOMOÖHAH, KaK eAH- HHHHbix 3ae.3AOB, TaK h cpeAHHX e ro 3HaqeHHft 6e3 KaKHX-AHÖo 3a- nuceft AaHHbix, othochiiihxch k n poM e*y T o q H H M 3ae3AaM , aah vneTa ÄBHIKeHHH aBTOMOÖHAH HaKaTOM H t. n.

5 6 7 8 9

Phc. 4, J\a thhk BKAioqeHHH kopoökh nepeAan 3 btomo6hah «Mockbhh-402»:

1 — p y jieB a a KOJioHKa; 2 — xOMyT B c ö o p e ; 3 — Bau ynpaBJieHHH K opoö- Kofl n e p e a a q ; 4 — o cb xoM yTa ; 5 — KpoHUiTeftH b cöo p e ; 6 — ocb p u n a - r a ; 7 — MHKpoBbiKjnoqaTeJib; 8 H 13 — b h h t h ; 9 — KpoHUiTeflH npyjKHHbi; I C — n p y iK H H a ; l t — p b iq a r BKJiioqeHHH M HKpoBbiKAioqaTejiH ; 12 — Ky- j ia q oK BKJiioqeHHH MHKpoBbncjnoqaTeJiH; 14 — MaHHieT K y jia qK a b cö o p e ;

15 — ra iiK a ; 15 — (JiacoHHaH m a flö a .

HaKOHeil, peiKHMOMep MO>KHO HCnOAb30BaTb ä ah OTHOCHTeAb- hoh, ho öbiCTpoft oueHKH npHeMHCTOCTH aBTOMOÖHAeft no nyTH, npoxoAHMOMy aBTOMOÖHAeM npn pa3roHe, h BpeMeHH, 3aTpaq «B ae- MOMy Ha npoxo>KAeHHe stoto nyTH, ao MOMeHTa AOCTHHceHHH aB- TOMOÖHAeM OnpeAeAeHHOft CKOPOCTH Ha POBHOM npHMOAHHeftHOM yqacTKe A oporn .

n pn HcnoAb30B3HHH pe>KHMOMepa corAacHO 3AeKTpocxeMe (pnc. 1) BKAioneHHe BbiKAioqaTeAH Ha npnöope, ohcbhäho, äoahc- ho CAeAOBaTb cpa3y nocAe nycua ABHraTeAH, ecAH npoBOAHMbie HcnbiTaHHH He ctbbht CBoeft ueAbio H3yqeHne caM oro nycua ä b h - raTeAH.

BbiKAioqeHHe pe>KHMOMepa äoajkho CAeAOBaTb OAHOBpeMeHHO hah cpa3y * e nocAe oct3hobkh 3Btomoöhah . IdHaqe BpeMH ctohh- KH 3BT0M0ÖHAH npHnAIOCyeTCH KO BpeMeHH XOAOCTOft paÖOTbl ABHraTeAH ( sto ö ya eT npn hbahuhh b 3AeKTpocxeM e AaTHHKa a b h - »eHHH aBTOMOÖHAH).

Ä ah H acT oam ero peiKHMOMepa pa3paöoT aH äbtuh k k aBTOMO- ÖHAHM «M oCKBH q» (pHC. 4) C MHKpOBblKAIOqaTeAHMH THna K B -6 -2 .

MHKpoBbiKAioqaTeAH ycTaHaBAHBaioTCH nonapHO, KaiKAan napa pacnoAaraeTCH Ha CBoeM KpoHmTeftHe, KOTOpuft KpenHTCH Ha py- AeBoft KOAOHKe xoMyTOM, a KyAaqKH, ynpaBAHtomne sthmh m h k po - BKAioqaTeAHMH, ycTaHaBAHBaioTCH Ha BaAy ynpaBAeHHH KopoÖKoft nepeAaq h KpenHTCH HHAHBHAyaAbHbiMH MaHxceTaMH.

B ecb KOMnAeKT AaTqnKOB k KopoÖKe nepeA aq aBTOMOÖHAH «M oCKBH q» COCTOHT H3 A ß yx KpOHmTeftHOB (Ha pnc. 4 H30Öpa- HceH TOÄbKO o ähh ) c qeTbipbMH MHKpoBbiKAioqaTeAHmh h qeTbipex KyAaqKOB.

Pe*H M O M ep noKa3aA xopomne pe3yAbTaTU n p « 3KcnAyaTau.HH b THjKeAHx ycÄOBHHx KapbepH ux pa3paöoTOK b TeqeHHe 75 <t Ha caMOCBaAe M A 3 -5 3 0 rpy3onoAT>eMHocTbio 40 t , a T a K *e Ha aBTO- MOÖHAe «MOCKBHq-402» B yCAOBHHX ABHHCeHHH r. M ockbu h M oc- kobckoh oÖAacTH b n p oöere Ha 2000 km .

n pn HcnuTaHHHX JlbBOBCKoro aBTOÖyca, oöopyAOBaHHoro skc- nepHMeHTaAbHoft KopoÖKoft nepeAaq c SAeKTpnqecKHM ynpaBAe- HHeM, HacTOHmnft pe*HMOMep Ha npoTHJKeHHH 4000 k m paöoTaa öe3 OTKa3a. ..... _ .

ÄBTOMOäMJIbHafl npOMblUIJieHHOCTb .No 7, 1962 r.

K B o n p o c a M b j ih b h h b y r j i o ß ycTaHOBKH n ep e flH H X KOJiec aB T O M oÖ H j«!

H a H3HOC IIIHH H HCCJlCAOBaHMfl CTaÖHJIbHOCTH 3THX y rJ IO ß1

H. B, H O B O C E J IO B

M o C K O B C K H H 3 3 B 0 A M a/ 10l1H T p a > K H b lX a B T O M O Ö H S ie ft

j - j A M O CKO BCKO M 3aBOAe MaAOAHTpa>KHbix

r o a ä m u h .

aBTOMOÖHAeftnocjieflHHe roAbi b u ih po k h x MacuiTaöax h p o b o ah tc h HcnbiTa

HHH aBTOMoÖHjieft «M o c k b h h » MOAeAeft 402 h 407 h aBTOMOÖHAeft 3apy6e5KHbix MapoK c uejibio BbiHBJieHHH Bcex npHHHH, BJiHHiomHX Ha h3hoc ihhh. üpoBeAeHa öoAbinan paöoTa no oneHKe bjihhhhh yrjiOB ycTaHOBKH ynpaBjineMbix KOJiec, a TaK xe BeaeTCH cncTe- MaTHnecKoe HaöAiOAeHHe 3a eraÖHAbHocTbio s t h x yrjioß npH skc- nJiyaTauHH.

OnyßjiHKOBaHHbie paHee craTbH B. H. KHopo3a, H . Jl. C rpio- KOBa, B . C. roJiyÖKOBa h b jih io tc h n acT b io OTHeTa H A M H 3a 1960 r. no paöoTe, nporpaMMa K O Topoft öbiAa corjiacoBaHa c M o -CKOBCKHM 33B0A0M MaAOAHTpa>KHbIX aBTOMOÖHAeft H npOBOÄH-Jiacb npn e ro ynacTHH.

B CTaTbHX paccMaTpHBaeTCH ihhpokhh n p y r BonpocoB , ä b io tc h peHHbie BHBOAbl H peKOMeHÄaHHH. OäH3KO B HHX COHepiKaTCH H HeKOTOpbie OUIHÖOHHbie yTBepjKACHHH H HeTOHHOCTH.

HenpaBHJibiibiM HBjineTCH yTBepjKAeHHe b nepBoft CTaTbe, h to MHHHMaAbHblft H3HOC IHHH OÖeCneHHBaeTCH yCTaHOBKOfl OTpHIta- TejibHoro cxofla nepeAHnx KOJiec 1,5— 2 m m . 3 t o npoTHBopeHHT HHCTpyKHHH 3aBOÄa. KpoMe t o to , peKOMCHjiaHHH, ocHOBaHHaa Ha pe3yjibTaTax HcnbiTaHHH TOJibKo o ä h o to hbtom oöh jih oöiuhm npo- öeroM 8500 k m , He M O*eT öbiTb AOCTaTOHHoft. H3-3a npHMeHeHHH npn HcnbiTaHHH ihhh CTapoii m oägah M 45, OTJinnaBiunxcH OAHa o t Äpyroft HecTaÖHjibHocTbio no h 3 h o co c to ü k o cth npoTeKTopa b 1,5— 2 pa3a, pe3yjibTaT Taxoro SKcnepnMeHTa m ot 6biTb jno6biM.

HcnbiTaHHH aBTOMOÖHAeft Ha M 3 M A c oTpniiaTejibHbiM cxoäom KOJiec Ha uiHHax h oboh m oäcah M 59 (3HaHHTejibHo Jiynmero xa- necTBa, neM ihhhm M 45) npHBejin k npHMo npoTHBonoAOJKHbiM pe3yjibTaTaM, neM s t o noKa3aHO Ha rpaifiHKe 3 , h noATBepAHAH 3aB0ÄCKHe peKOMeHnauHH, t . e. onTHMajibHyio BejIHHHHy c x o ä s b 2 m m . n p H cxoAe ■— 4 m m h3hoc npoTeKTopa OKa3ajicn b 1,2 paaa öoAbiue, neM npn oxoAe + 6 m m , h b 1,7 pa3a öoAbiue, neM n p « cxone + 2 mm.

B MHpOBOM aBTOMOÖHJieCTpoeHHH (nO CT3THCTHHe- CKHM ÄaHHbIM) OTCyTCTBOBajIH aBTOMOÖHAH C peKO- MeHuyeMofi ycTaHOBKoft OTpHpaTeJibiioro cxofla kojiec, x o th MHorne H3 h h x HMejiH KOHCTpyKpHio pyjie- b h x t h t , aHajiorHHHyio npHMeHneMOH Ha 3b t o m o 6h - jihx « M o ckbh h » .

PeKOM eHnauHH n o npHMeHeHHio OTpniiaTeJibHoro c x o fla onpoßepraeTCH h cbmhmh aBTopaMH, TaK KaK n a jie e b CTaTbe coAepjKHTcn p h a oöocuoB aH H bix a o - Ka3aTejibCTB h o6i>HCHeHHÖ yMeHbmeHHH c x o a a n e - peuH H x KOJiec, KOTopoe h p o h c x o a h t n pn HBHJKeHHH aiBTOiMOÖHJIH, H üipHBOAHTCH (J)3KTHH0CKH H3MepeH.HaH BejiHHHHa SToro yMeHbmeHHH 0°16' ( t . e. 2,4 m m ).

B o BTopoft craTbe aBTopbi nninyT, h to c yBejinne- hhom npoöera y Bcex aBTOMOÖHAeft BbiHBJineTCH 06 - "§-120 man CKJioHHOCTb k yMeHbuieHHio cxofla. <->

TaKHM oßpa30M , ecjiH 6 h 6 h j i ycTaHOBJieH p e x o - MeHüyeMblH aBTopaM H OTpHHaTeAbHblft CXOÄ — 2 MM,TO, HCXOÄH H3 pe3yjIbTaTOB HCnblTaHHÖ, nOÄTBepiKÄa- eMbix rpai})HKaMH 4 h 5, npn äbhjkbhhh aBTOMOÖHAH oh npeßpaTHÄCH 6bi y x e b HeflonycTHMoe pacxojKAe- HHe (4— 5 m m ), KOTopoe b AaAbHeftmeM, c yBennne- HneM npoöera, npoÄOJDKajio 6bi nporpeccnpoBaTb.

TIo pe3ynbTaTaM paccMOTpeHHH rpaijiHKOB 6 h 7 aBTopbi AeJiaiOT npoTHBonoAoiKHbift b h b o ä 06 yBe- AHHeHHH CXOÄa no Mepe B03paCT3HHH CKOPOCTH aBTOMOÖHAH, OÖT.HCHHH STO BJIHHIHH6M BepTHKajIbHblX ne- peMemeHHH KOJiec. O Ä H a x o bo Bcex npeÄbiÄymnx SKcnepHMeHTax, onncaHHbix aBTopaMH, HaöniOÄaÄHCb BepTHKanbHbie nepeMemeHHH KOJiec, ho oh h He npHBenn k TaKHM pe3yjibTaTaM.

KpoMe t o to , AaHHbie ä a h nocTpoeHHH rpa^HKOB 6 h 7 6bum no- AyneHH He s pe3iyAbTaTe np»Mbix H3'MepeHHii, a KOCBeHtbiM ny TeM no yrny o tk ao h 6 h h h o a h o to HHJKHero punara nepeAHeft noABeoKH h CTaTHnecKOH TapnpoBKe. TaKan MeTOAHKa, He ynHTbi- 'BaiOmaH AeHCTBHTeAbHblX yCAOlBHH ÄBHJK6HHH KOAeC aBTOMOÖHJIH Ha Aopore, He m ojkct öbiTb npH3HaHa ynobjieTBoph tejibBon. _____

1 ITo n oB oa y cTaTeft KaHa. TexH. H ayx B . H . KHOpo3a, H . Jl. C t p io k o - Ba, B . C . roayp K O B a , onyßaHKOBaHHhix b » y p H a a e « ABTOMOÖH.ti.HaH npo- MbimaeHHOCTb» JTs 8 3a 1961 r. h Ns 2 3a 1962 r.

- m

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yKa3aHHan b CTaTbe nacTOTa KOAeöaHHÜ KOAec b 3— 5 He-ÄOCTaTMHo o6oCHoiBa«a, TaiK Kax nacTOTa QBoßoAHbitx KOAeöaHHii, 3aBHCHmaH o t JKeCTKOCTH nOABOOKH, ÄAH atBTO'MOÖHAH «M oCK- bhh-407» ho inpeBbimaeT 1,5 zu,, a BbicotKionacTOTHbie KOAeöaHHH KOAec AeoxaT b inpeAeAax 8— 10 zu, h öoAee.

ITpaBHAbHblM H IieHHbIM BblBOÄOM nepBOH CT3TbH HBAHeTCH b h b o ä o t o m , h to OTKAOHeHHH b y rn a x pa3BaAa A a * e a o ±2 ° npaKTHnecKH He b a h h io t Ha h 3h o c u ih h . 9 t o noATBepiKAaeTCH h HCnHTaHHHMH Ha MOCKOBCKOM 3aB0Ae MaAOAHTpa>KHUX aBTOMO- 6iiAeö, Tax * e KaK h Bce ocTaAbHbie noAoaceHHH SToro BbiBOAa.

JJaiiH bie p e 3 y jib T a T H HcnbiTaHHH noAe3HO A O B ec ra a o CBeAeHHH. B cex aBTOMOÖHAHCTOB, TaK KaK c y m e c T B y e T MHeHHe, HTO HMeHHO OTKAOHeHHH B yTASX p a3 B aA a npHBOAHT K 6bICTpOM y H3HOCy UIHH. H3-3a S T o ro HeKOTOpbie aBTOMOÖHAHCTbl BMeCTO HaÖAHDAeHHH 3a CXOAOM KOAeC yACAHIOT CAHLUKOM MHOTO BHHM3HHH HeHyjKHOH p e - ry n n p o B K e yrA O B pa3BaAa, h to b KOHeHHOM H T o re npHHocHT TOAb- KO BpeA.

Bo BTopoö CTaTbe, rA e onpeAeAneTCH nöHHTHe CTaÖHAbHOCTH yrAOB ycTaHOBKH nepeAHHX KOAec aBTOMOÖHAefl, bm hchhiotch npHHHHbi ee HapymeHHH, npHBOAHTCH AaHHbie HcnwTaHHft h Aa- kdtch peKOMeHAaiiHH no KOHTpoAio 3a yrAaMH ycTaHOBKH ynpaB- AHeMblX KOAeC H no yAynmeHHIO HX CTaÖHAbHOCTH, HMeiOTCH TaK- * e HeKOTopue omn6oHHbie noAOJKeHHH.

Tax, HanpHMep, KHHeMaTHKa nepeAHeft noÄBecKH He M O *eT BAHHTb Ha CTaÖHAbHOCTb yrAOB yCT3H0BKH KOAeC. ÜHeBHÄHO, aB- Topbi b AaHHOM CAynae noApa3yMeBaAH HeÖAaronpHHTHbift xapaK - Tep H3MeHeHHH yrAOB ycTaHOBKH ynpaBAHeMbix KOAec npn nporn - 6ax noÄBecKH h a h noß opoTax KOAec.

0 äH 3K 0 STO OÖCTOHTeAbCTBO He CBH33HO CO CTaÖHAbHOCTblO 3HaqeHHft yrAOB ycTaHOBKH KOAeC, KOTopbie A O A *H bI H3MepHTbCH B CTporO CpaBHHMblX H HAeHTHHHblX yCAOBHHXI npH OAHOÜ H TOÜ >Ke HarpyaKe ( t , e. mporHße noABeoKH) h noAoiKeBHH KOAec, co- OTBeTCTByiOmeM npHMOAHHeftHOMy ÄBHSKeHHK) aBTOMOÖHAH.

i /

71

•

80 160 240 320 ' 400

flpodoßbHap cum

480 560 Kf

3aBHCHMOCTb CXOAa KOAeC OT BeÄHHHHbi npOAOAbHOft CHAbl, npHAOJKeHHoftK OCH KOAeCa.

B npaKTHKe HeCTaÖHAbHOCTb npOHCXOAHT HS-3a HeAOCTaTOHHOfi 33THJKKH HAH OCAaÖAeHHH 33THHIKH COeAHHeHHÜ nepeAHeTO MOCTa h pyAeBbix th t , H3Hoca h ocTaTOHHbix ÄeiJiopManHft AeTaAeft py - AeB oro npHBOAa h nepeAHeft noÄBecKH, H eonpaBAaHHo öoAbm nx KOHCTpyKTHBHblX 3a30p0B B HiapHHpHblX H APyrHX COeAHHeHH- HX H T. A-

H enpaBO M epH o cpaBHHBaioTCH JKeCTKOCTH noßopoTH bix pu n a ro B pyAeßoft TpanenHH aBTOMOÖHAH « M o c k b h h -40 7 » h öoA ee T H *eA b ix aBTOMOÖHAeft HaT-2100 h B aK cxo A A -K pecT a (THna « B o a t h » ) .

Jfc 7, i m r. ÄBTOMOÖHJlbHaH npOMblUIJTeHHOCTb 39

npH 3tom aBTopbi npoTHBopeuaT cbohm nccaeaoBaHHHM cpaB- HHTejibHbix >KecTKOCTeH pyjieBoro npnBOÄa b ueaoM, KOTopbie ro- BopjiT b noJib3y aBTOMOÖHJIH «M ock b h h -4 0 7 » no cpaBHeHHio c 3apyöe>KHbiMH (cm . pncyHOK, B3HTbift H3 OTneTa H A M H ).

H3 pHCyHKa BHÄHO, HTO JKeCTKOCTb pyjieBOTO npHBOÄa aBTOMOÖHJIH «M ockbhh -407 » Bbirne, neM y aBTOMoöHaeft <t>HaT-2100 h O opa-T ayH yc 17m, HecKOJibKO ycTynaeT »ecTKOCTH npHBoaa aB- tomoöhjih BaKcxojiJi-KpecTa h 3HauHTeabHo npeBocxoÄHT »e c T - KOCTb npHBOÄa MaÄOJIHTpaHCHOTO aBTOMOÖHan HCy-npHHu. FIo- 3TOMy He caeaoBaao cpaBHHBaTb »ecTKOCTH OTaeabHo b3hthx pbinaroB pyaeBoft TpaneiiHH.

OneBHÄHo He coBceM cnpaBeÄJiHBO yTBepjKaeHne aBTopoB o TOM, HTO OäHOH H3 npHHHH pa3ÄHHHOÖ TpaeKTOpHH ÄBHJKeHHH aB- tom oöh ä h n pn npaBOM h aeBOM n oB op oT ax HBaneTCH pa3Han * e - CTKOCTb pyaeBo ft TpaneuH H (c n p a ß a h c a e B a ). P em a io m ee 3Hane- HHe 3Äecb npHHaÄÄem HT KOHCTpyKUHH py aeB b ix th t , reoMeTpHH KOTOpblX COBepmeHHO TOHHO OnpeÄGJIHeT 3HaHHTeÄbHyiO pa3HHHy b y r a a x noß opoT a n p a B o ro h a e ß o ro K oaec, n pn n oB opoT ax B npa - bo h BjieBO. MoM eHTbi, aeftcTByiom He Ha K oaeca 3b tom oöh jih npn n oB op oT ax (3HaHHTeabHO MeHbrne, neM npHM eHeHHae aBTopaMH 50 k b m ) , M oryT ToabK o BbiöpaTb aK>4>Ta, ho He co3ÄaTb th k h x aeifiopM aiiHft b pyjieBOM npHBOÄe, KOTopbie M oran öbi 3aMeTHO HCKa3HTb 3aAaHHbie y ra b i noß opoT a npn pb in a rax oähh3kobohJKeCTKOCTH.

CneunaabHO npoßeÄeHHbie M ockobckhm 3aBoaoM M aaoaHTpaK- Hbix aBTOMOÖHJieft coBMecTHO c M ockobckhm aBTOMexaHHHecKHM HHCTHTyTOM HcnuTaHHH pyaeBoro npHBOÄa He BbiHBHaH ero Heao- CTaTOHHOft HCeCTKOCTH.

BbI3bIBaeT B 03pa*eH H H npHHHTblft BBTOpaMH B OÖeHX CTHTbHX H He ynoTpeöaniouj.HftcH b TexHHnecKoft aH TepaType cn ocoö 0 Ö0 3 - HaHeHHH yraO B B ÄeCHTHHHblX ÄPOÖHX, HTO MOHCeT npHBecTH K HeÄopa3yMeHHHM.

B cTaTbe npaBHabHo oöpamaeTCH BHHMaHHe Ha Ba*HOCTb npo- BepKH cx o a a b n epn oÄ o ö k h t k h aBTOMOÖHan, h to peKOMeHayeT- CH H HHCTpyKUHeft 3aBOÄa.

HcnbiTaHHH h SKcnayaTauHH aBTOMoöHaeft b oöbiHHbix ycaoBHHX noK a3aan , h to H e f o c h o b 3 h h ö ä ä h ÄaabHeftuiH x, ö o a e e nacTWX npoßepoK y ra o B ycTaHOBKH Koaec, neM s t o peKOMeHÄyeTCH b h h - CTpyKu,HH. U ,eaecooö pa3H a peKOM eHaaunn b b t o p o b ö o a e e nacTO npoBepnTb 3t h y rab i b TH>Keabix aopo jK H bix ycaoBHHX.

ToHHbie H3MepeHHH (fiaKTHxiecKOH BeaHHHHM c x o a a nepeaH H x Koaec aBTOMOÖHan b npaKTHKe SKcnayaTauHH BecbMa 3aTpyaH H - TeabHbi (nocK oabK y a e a o n a e i oö oraocH T eabH o M a a w x BeaHHH- H ax ) h M oryT Haae>KHo ocym ecTBanTbcn an iu b Ha onTHHecKHx CTeHaax c H3MepeHHeM aeftCTBHTeabHbix naocKOCTeft BpameHHH K oaec (Twna «S io a .K T a » , «O iiTocjuieKC» h a p . ) . Ha CTeHaax THna BHH, r a e to h h o c th H3MepeHHH 33BHCHT em e OT npaBHabHOCTH Haxo>KaeHHH ToneK paB H oro öoKOBoro öneHHH ihhh h äh o ö o ä o b Koaec, Mo>KeT öbiTb norpeniH ocTb 2 m m . B HacTOHin.ee BpeMH s th CTeHabi nocTeneHHO b m x o ä h t H3 ynoTpeöaeH HH h 3aMeHHioTCH on- THHeCKHMH. TaKHM 0Öpa30M, pa3HHHa npH nOBTOpHOM H3MepeHHH c x o a a , no cpaBHeHHio c nepBOHanaabHbiM H3MepeHHeM, 1— 2 m m , a H H oraa b 3 m m He cBHaeTeabCTByeT eine o HecTaönabHocTH y r - ao B ycTaHOBKH Koaec, a m ojkct HBanTbcn caeacTBHeM H eaocTa- to h h o T m aT eabH oro H3MepeHHH (n ep B o ro Han B T o p o ro ).

OÖHHHaH TeaecKonnnecKan aHHeftaa, HCKaionaiom aH BaHHHHe öneHHH K oaec h H3MepHK>maa cxoa K oaec n pn npoKaTbmaHHH aB- TOMoönaH, HBaneTCH BnoaH e Haae>KHbiM HHCTpyMeHTOM, a o c ry n - h h m innpoKOMy K pyry aBTOMOÖHancTOB h oöecneHHBaiom HM ao- CTaTOHHylO TOHHOCTb H3MepeHHÜ.

OT P E H A K W Hn y ö aH K y n aaH H yio CTaTbio pyKOBoaHTean KOHCTpyKTopcKoft

rpynnbi noaßecKH OTK M o c k o b c k o t o 3 aB oaa MaaoaHTpa>KHbix aBTOMoöHaeft H. B. H o B o ceao B a , peaaKUHH CHHTaeT, h t o HeKOTO- p u e yTOHHeHHH, BHOCHMbie b paH ee onyöaHKOBaHHbie CTaTbH, ÖyaeT noae3H o aoßecTH a o CBeaeHHH HHTaTeaeft » y p H a a a « A b t o - MOÖnabHan npoMbiiuaeHHOCTb».

O / L e o c H jQ x A & z u & i/

r i o B b i u i e H H e a t a p o c T o i i K o c T H A e T a j i e w a B T O M O Ö H J i b H b i x A B H r a T e j i e f l

KaHA. TexH. Hayn H, E. rYPB H H , A. n. ETOPOBA, A, . EYHHOB

fo p b K O B C H H H a B T 0 3 a B 0 fl

T| O n O C J lE Z lH E r O BpeMeHH ocT aß aan cb HepemeHHbiMH bo - A V npocbi noBbimeHHH »apocToftK O CTH h »a p o n p oH H o cT H o t - aeabH b ix a eT aae fl, paöoTaiom H X b o c o ö o H anpaaceH H Ux TeM nepa- T y p H u x ycaoBHHX, b cbh3h c noBbimeHHeM CTeneHH c h o t h h h HHcea oöopoTOB ÄBHraTeaeft. T aK KaK B03pocan nocTaBKH oTene- CTBeHHUx aBTOMOÖHabHbix ÄBH raTeaeft b JKapKHe CTpaHbi, s t o t B on poc n p n o ö p e a oco ö y io ocTpoTy, nocK oabK y b Ä BH raTeanx pa3aHHHbix M oaeaeft TopbKOBCKoro aB T 03aB oaa pe3K0 yßeaHHH- ao c b KoannecTBO cayn aeB nporopaH H H BepxHHx kpom ok nopuiHeft ( a ) - h T apeaoK (6 ) (p nc . 1 ).

P a3 paöo T K e MeponpnHTHft, n peaoT B pam aiom H x yKa3aHHbie hb- aeHHH, npeau iecTB O B aan HccaeaoBaHHH p a ö o n e ro TeM nepaTypH oro n o an 3 th x a e T aa e fl b Ä B H raT eanx M-21A h M-21Ä 3 btom o öh - aeft « B o a r a » , HMeiomHx CTeneHb c h o t h h cooTBeTCTBeHHo 6,6 : 1 h 7,5: 1. T eM n epaT y p a nopuiHn o n p e a e a n a a c b b neHTpe ÄHHma, n o a nepßbiM h btopm m KOMnpeccnoHHbiMH KoabnaM H, n o a M acao - (TbeMHHM KOabUOM H Ha lOÖKe nOpUIHH. n p H HcnbiTaHHH ÄBH ra- T eaa T eM nepaT ypa M acaa b K apTepe n oaaep jK H B aaacb b n p eae - a a x 70— 95° h T eM nepaTypa Boabi Ha B b ixoae 75— 80°. P e3 y a b T a - Tbi HcnuTaHHft npH B eaeH U Ha pnc. 2. TIpoTeKaHHe TBM nepaTyp- Hbix KpnBbix yKa3biBaeT Ha pe3Koe B03paeraH H e T eM n epaT ypa Bcex ToneK nopuiHH npn aeTOHauHOHHOM cropaHHH CMecn. T eM n ep aT y p a ÄHHm a npn stom aocTH raeT 310°, 3 oh h n o a nepBHM K oab - UOM 210°, n o a BTopbiM 185°, n o a TpeTbHM 160° h TeM nepaTypa ioökh nopuiHH 80°, npn p aö o T e aB H raT ean c noaHoft Harpy3Koft npn 2500— 3000 o6 / m u h . n p n HopMaabHOM cropaHHH CMecn TeMn epaT y p a ÄHHUia nopuiHH He npeBbim aeT 255° C.

B o BpeMH HcnuTaHHft T a K * e OTMeneHo HeKOTopoe noBbimeHHe T eM n epaT y p a nopuiHeft no M epe OTKpblTHH apocceabH oft 3acaoHKH h 3HaHHTeabHoe noBbim eHHe T eM n epaT y p a n pn yBeanneHHH y r a a onepe>KeHHH 3a>KHraHHH. f lp n s t o m TeM nepaTypa aH H ina nopuiHH

CBbiuie 300° H a ö a io a a a a c b a u u ib npn aeTOHauHH h b öoabuiHHCT- Be cayn aeB n poropaH H e nopuiHeft oöiHCHneTCH Hcnoab30BaHHeM npn SKcnayaTauHH ÄBH raTeaeft c o p to b TonaHBa, He cooTBeTCTByio- iuhx no oKTaHOBOMy n n cay aaHHbiM ycaoBHHM. riocaeay iom H M H

HccaeaoBaHHHMH ö a a n 3a- c[)HKCHpoBaHbi TaKJKe caynaH nporopaHHH nopuiHeft h npn 6e3aeTOHauHoHHoft paöoT e ÄBHraTeaeft, ho npn stom , KaK npaBHao, nporopaHHio npea-

i,_i: : \ 'g ) . i

nopuiHeft ( a ) h T apeaoK KaanaHOB (6 ) .

P hc. 1. nporopaHHe BepxHHx

4ö ÄBTOMOÖHJlbHan npoMbllllJieHHOCTb 7, 1962 r.

uieCTBOBajio oöpa30BaH H e Tpem iiH Ha AHHiue. H aA H nne b th x Tpe- ih,hh cnocoöcTBO Bajio yxyam eH H io TenAooTAanH h o6pa30BaHHio MecTHbix 3 0 H n eperp eB a . JXnn npeAOTBpaiueHHH noAOÖH ux flBJie- HHii Ha r OpbKOBCKOM aBT033B0Ae C 1961 r. BHeapeHO B npOH3BOÄ-

ctbo iUjih ABHraTeAeö T A 3 -Ut ’Ci— ___ r——— — ______________11 poATOTaBJiHBaeTca k BHeape-

hhk) äah ÄBuraTeaeft M-21 H3roTOBJieHHe nopum eö H3 cne-

■jffnjr “ C "1 HHajibHoro AernpoBaHHoro CHAy-MHHa (Taß ji. 1 ).

B CpaBHeHHH C nopmHHMH H3 paHee npHMeHHBinerocH m c a h o -

240

200

160

120'

------3 -----------

" ^ y

*N

62000 2500 3000 nofyMm

Ph c . 2. BAHHHHe ereneHH CJKaTHH H OKTaHOBOrO HHCAa

Ha T e M n e p a T y p y nopn iH H :

a — TeMnepaTypa .ÄH«ma nopin- hh; 6 — TeMnepaTypa non nep- BbiM KOJibpoM; 8 — TeMnepaTyp.a no« TpeTbHM KOAbUOM; / — CTe- neHb CJKaTHH 7,5; OKTaHOBOe hhcjio 70; 2 — CTeneHb cjKa-thh 6,6; OKTaHOBOe hhcjio 70; 3 — CTeneHb cjahthh 7,5; OKTa-

HOBOe hhcjio 90.

KpaMHHCToro onaaiBa nopnuKH H3 ih obopo on jiaßa oTAHMaiOTCH öoAb- meö npoqHOCTwo h mghmuhm /K03e[>(})HUHeHT0M AHHeÖHoro pacrnH- peHHH, h t o y jiy H m ae r ycAO-BHH paöoTbi « cHH>KaeT H3HOC AeTaAeö u ha h h a p o -in op iii h e.B o ö rpyrnnu. IlpHMeHeHHe aneiu iaAb- h o t o AerwpoBaHHoro CHJiyMH- i>a ä a h nopm 'Hefl ABH raTeAeö TA3-13 inOAHOCTblO npeAOT- BpaTlIAO ÜOH'BAeHHe TpeiUHH. pa3ipynieHHÜ h nporopaH H e ä h h iu n opu m eö .

T a C i u n a 1

X h m h -qecKHttCOCTaBcn^aßa

MeaHO-KpeMHHCTblfl

cnJiaB

CneuHajib- Hbift ^ern - pOBaHHblH CHJiyMHH

Si 4 ,5 -6 ,0 11— 13Cu 6 ,25-7 ,75 1 ,5 -2 ,5

M g 0 ,2 5 -0 ,50 0 ,8 -1 ,2N i -- 0,8— 1,2Fe Ho 1,5 Ho 0,8A l O cta jibH oe O cTa^bHoe P h c . 3. TeMnepaTypa TapenoK

BbinycKHbix KAanaHOB.

Pa3pa6oTKe MeponpiiHTHÖ, noBbiujaiomHX TKapocTOÖKocTb Tape- a ok KAanaHOB, TaKace npeumecTBOBaAH TeMnepaTypHbie HCCAe- AOBaHHH s th x A eTaA eö b ABHraTeAnx M-21. TeMnepaTypa KAana-

na npn stom H3MepnAacb c noMombio nAaTHHo-nAaTHHopoAHeBoö TepMonapbi, ropHUHö cnaö KOTopoö noMemaACH b uem-pe TapeA- kh KAanaHa.

Ha pnc. 3 noKa3aHbi TeMnepaTypHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH BbinycK- Hwx KAanaHOB ABHraTeAeö M-21 co CTeneHbio c h o th h 7,5 : 1 npn pa6oTe Ha 6eH3HHe c OKTaHOBbiM hhcaom 90. HccAeAOBaHHH no- Ka33AH, h to npn paßoTe ABHraTeAH c noAHoü Harpy3Koö npH 3a- 3ope MeiKÄy KAanaHOM h kopom m caom 0,25 mm (ahhhh 1) TeMnepaTypa TapenoK BbinycKHbix KAanaHOB B03pacTaeT b cpeAHeM c 650° npn 2000 o6/muh ä o 785° npn 4000 oöJmuh. Tlpn yMern.- meHHH 3a3opa ä o 0,15 mm (ahhhh 2 ) , t . e. npn o tc y tc tb h h rep- MeTHHHocTH KAanaHa, TeMnepaTypa TapeAKH npeBumaeT 800°.

HaÖAIOÄeHHHMH npH ÄJIHTeAbHblX CTeHÄOBblX H ÄOpOJKHblX HC- nbiTaHHHx ABHraTeAeH ycTaHOBAeHo, h to b SoAbuiHHCTBe CAynaea nporopaHHio KAanaHOB npeAinecTByeT yMeHbineHHe 3a3opa Mesc- Äy KAanaHOM H KOpOMbICAOM, CBH33HHOe C npOTHÖOM TapeAKH KAanaHa.

GpaBHHTeAbHbl'MH HOnblTaHHHMH HHTH Ä'BHraTeAeH TA3-21JI, c BbinycKHbiMH KAanaHaMH, H3roTOBAeHHbiMH H3 cTaAeft X9C2, 3H 72 h 3TT-48, onpeAeAeHbi HaHAynniHe c tohkh 3peHHH JKaponpoHHo- cth KanecTBa xpoMOHHKeAeMOAHÖAeHOBOö CTaAH 3Ü-48 (thöa. 2).

T a ö j i u a a 2

XiiMimecKHHCOCTaB X9C2 3H72 an-48

C 0,35-0,50 0,25-0,37 0,40-0,50Mn <0,7 <0,7 0,85— 1,25Si 2,0—3,0 2 ,0 -3 ,0 0,7— 1,0P <0,03 <0,03 <0,035S <0,03 <0,03 <0,03Cr 8,0— 10,0 11,5— 14,0 21,0-23,0Ni <0 ,6 < 6 ,0 -5 ,0 4 ,0 -5 ,0

M o — 2 ,5 -3 ,0

TIOHHJKeHHe MexaHHHeCKHX CBOHCTB 3THX KAanaHOB (311-48), CBH3aHHoe c hx HarpeBOM npn paöo T e ABHraTeAH, h 3 6 a io ä3 c tc h n pn TeM nepaType CBbirne 875°, t . e. 3a npeAenaM H noBbiuieHHoö T eM n epaT ypu , bah hh h io k o to p o ö noABepraroTCH BunycK H bie KAa- naTibi n p n HopMaAbHoü paißoTe ABB raTeAeö TA3-21/I,. H aH xyAUiH P pe3yAbTaTbi noKa3aAH K A anaH u, H3roTOBAeHHbie H3 c tb a h 3H72, K O Topue AajK e npH nenpoAOA/KHTeAbHbix c t c h a o b u x HcnbiTaHHHX ABH raTeAeö (150— 200 h ) noABepraAH Cb 3HaHHTeAbHOMy yAAHHe- hhk) 3a cneT n p o rn 6 a TapeAKH KAanaH a, h to Bbi3biBaAO ycTpaH e- HHe 3a3opa M e * A y KAanaHOM h kopom h caom h, KaK CAeACTBHe, nporopaH H e TapeAOK.

Ha ocHOBaHHH Bcex npOBeAeHHux HCCAeAOBaHHH ä a h ABHraTe- Aeö SKcnopTHoro Ha3HaHeHHH, a TaKJKe ä a h ABHraTeAefi c npeA- KaMepHo4>aKeAbHbiM 3a>KHraHHeM CMecn BHeApeHO b npoH3BOACT- bo H3roTOBAeHHe KAanaHOB H3 CTaAH 311-48.

H ah ABHraTeAeö TA3-13 aBTOMoöHAeö «Hanna» npeAOTBpame- HHe nporopaHHH BbinycKHbix KAanaHOB AOCTHrHyTO npHMeHeHHeM ra30Boö HanAaBKH TapeAKH JKapoynopHUM HHKeAeBbiM chabbom na ocHOBy, k o to p o h h b a h c tc h CTaAb X9C2.

O n b iT B H eA peH H n a .ie K T p o B H o p a T o p o B b jiH TeÖ H bix u e x a x y p a j ib C K o r o

a B T O s a B O A a

K). M. KJIHOT

ypanbCKMH aBT033B0A

B J lH TE H H blX u e x a x y p aA bC K o ro aBT033BOAa Bce 6oAbinee pacnpocTpaH eH H e HaxoAH T SAeKTpanecKHe BH Ö paTopu. B Ha-

cTonm ee BpeMH o k o a o 70 nHeBMaTHHecKHx BH6paTopoB Ha 6yHKe- p a x ÄAH (fopMOBOHHOH H CTep>KHeBOH CMeCeÖ 3aMeHeHbI SAeKTpH- HeCKHMH. 3AeKTpOBH6paTOp (p nc . 1) COCTOHT H3 CTaTopa 1 H po- TCfpa 2 oöbiHHoro acHHXipoHHoro SAeKTipoABHraTeAH nepeM eHHoro T oxa , A ß y x m eK 3, b K O Topux yiCTaHOBAeHbi in a pH Kon oiAm nn h n - kh 4, B a a a 5, HM eioiiiero ABa b u x o a h u x KOHpa. C k3>käoh CTopo- Hbi Ha B an y 3aK penA eH u no A ßa npoTHBOBeca 6, npnneM oahh H3 hhx M o *e T 6biTb ycTaHOBAeH n oA a ioöu m yrAOM k A pyro M y , 3a- KpenAeHHOMy Ha B an y »e cT K O . T aK o e KpenAeHne npoTHBOBecoB no3BOAHeT p e ry an p o B aT b B03Mym.aioiu.yio CHAy BHÖpaTopa.

CH apyjK H npoTHBOBecu 3aKpbiTbi KpuniKaM H 7. IU,eKH HMeioT A anu äah KpenAeHHH BH ßpaTopa k o ö ie K T y . Ilpn BpameHHH BaAa c npoTHBOBecamh B03HHKaiomaH B03M ym aiom aH chah nepeAaeT- ch nepe3 noAmHnHHKH Ha meKH h A an ee Ha o ö ieK T . OcHOBHue AaHHbie SAeKTpoBHÖpaTopoB, npnM eH H eM ux Ha YpaAbCKOM aBTO- 3aB0Ae, npHBeueHbi b TaßAHue.

SAeKTpunecKHe BHÖpaTopu HMeioT CAenyioiuHe npeHMymecTBa no cpaBHeHHio c nHeBMaTHHecKHMH BHÖpaTopaMH:

1) öecmyMHOcTb paßoTbi;2) ßoAbmaH (b 2— 2,5 pa3a) nacTOTa BH6pauHH;3) MeHbinee noTpeÖAeHHe SH epran npn OAHHaKOBoö B03My-

maromeö CHAe.

JVs 7, 1962 r. AßTOMOÖHJIbHaH npOMblUIJieHHOCTb 41

3 aM eH a ßyH xepH bix nHeBMaTHqecxHx BHÖpaTopoB 3ÄexTpuqec- KHMH 3Hat)HTejIbHO CHH>KaeT IliyM B ÄHTeÖHOM Uexe, OCOÖeHHO Ha KOHBeftepe 6e3onoqHoft (fiopMOBXH, ru e Ha y q a c rx e ä ä h h o ö oko jio 25 m ycTaHOBJieHO ä o ä c c h th 4>opm obohhhx ct3H kob c öyH xepa - mh. K po M e Toro , npHM eHenne 3ÄexTpoB H 6paTopoB no3BcwiHÄO co- xpaTHTb BpeM a Ha 3acbinKy (JropMOBoqHoft 3eMJiH b onoKy, T ax x a x T ex y iecT b iJjopm obohhoh 3eMÄii npH 3Ä exT poB H 6parope n o ß u -

1 2 3 4 i 6 7

P hc. 1.

uiaeTCH. 3ÄexTpoBH6paTopbi noTpeßyxiT 3ÄexTpo3HeprHH na 15— 20% Meiibiue, neM rmeBMaTHMecxHe, npH 3?iaqHTeÄbH0M coxpame-HHH paCXOÄOB Ha HX peMOHT.

ByHxep'Hbie sÄexrpoBH'öpaTopu c BepraxaÄbHofi ocbro BpameHHH ycTaHaBJTHBaioncH a HHixHeft h ä h opeuueft qacTH ßyexepa.

n p a s t o m ueHTpo6e>xHaH CHÄa, B03HHxaiom aH npH BpameHHH npoTHBOBecoB, pacnoÄOXxeHa b ropH30HT3ÄbHOH nÄOCXOCTH H cnocoöcTByeT OTpbiBy c m g c h o t

CTeHox ß yH xepa . H a ßyH’x e p a x e’MxocTbra 1,5— 3 t ycTaHOBÄeHO no OÄHOMy BHÖpaTopy 0,18 k b t , Ha ß yH xepax eMixocTbio 5— 6 t — Äßa BHÖpaTopa 0,18 k b t . B ue- ä h x yBeÄHHeHHH cpoxa CÄy>x6bi o ö m o t x h , a Tax>xe 6e3onacHocTH

paöoT bi c SÄexTpoBHÖpaTopoM oÖMOTxy CTaTopa ÄBHraTeÄH nepe- MaTbiBax)T Ha H anpnixeH H e 36 e npoBOÄOM b onÄeTxe c n ocÄ eÄ yw - meft nponH Txoö b 6axeÄHTOBOM Ä axe . EIpu s t o m c p o x C Ä y x ö u o ö m o t x h 3HaqHTeÄbHo yBeÄHHHBaeTCH (H e MeHee 2 Ä e T ). S u e x T p o - BHÖpaTopbi npHMeHHKJTCH T a x ix e ä ä h npHBOÄa nKTaTeneft e re p ix -

HeBOH h ä h 4)opMOBOHHoft CM eceft, XOTOpbie yCTaHaBÄHBaiOT OÖblH- h o Ha n ecx ocT p eÄ b H b ix C T e p *H e B b ix h (JmpMOBOMHbix M aiuH H ax.

.H äh nOÄyqeHHH H anpaB Ä eH H oii BHÖpauHH 6 o Ä b iu o ft c h ä h npu - M eH H m cH B H Ö p opeÄyK Topb i (p n c . 2 ). B x o p n y c e 1 B H Ö p op eÄ yx- T o p a ycTaHOBÄeHbi b n oÄ H in n H H xax 2 Ä ß a B aua 3 c jx e c rx o 3a- xpenÄeH H biM H Ha h h x oÄH H axoBbiM H m ecTepH H M H 4 h npoTHBO- BecaM H 5. n pH B O Ä p e Ä y x T o p a ocym ecTB ÄH eTCH o t S Ä e xT p oÄ B u ra - TeÄH 6 c 2800 h äh 1440 o6 /m u h . n p H Bpam eHHH npoTH BO BecoB B03HHXaiOT U eH Tpo6e>K H H e CHÄbl, XOTOpbie MOJKHO pa3ÄO>XHTb Ha

S 3 5

P hc. 2.

B e p T H x a Ä b iib ie h r o p H 3 0 H T a Ä b H b ie c o c T a B Ä H r o m n e . n o c x o Ä b x y

n p o T H B O B ecb i H M e io T O Ä H H a x o B y io M a c c y h yrn oB y io c x o p o c T b , t o

H B 0 3 H H X aK )U IH e U e H T p o 6 e5 X H b ie CHÄbl p a B H b l Me>XÄy c o 6 o f t .

FlepBOHaqaÄbHo npoTHBOBecbi ycTanaBÄHBaiOT noÄ paBHbiMH yrÄaMH x M eixoceBoft ä h h h h . Flpn s t o m cocraBÄH io inH e ueHTpo- 6e>KHbIX CHÄ npH Ä K )6 o M nOÄOJXeHHH npOTHBOBeCOB COOTBeTCT- BeHHo paBHbi Me>XÄy coöoft. ropH30HTaÄbHbie cocTaBÄHromne ypaBHOBeuiHBaroT Ä P y r Ä pyra , a BepTHxaÄbHbie cxÄaÄbiBaroTCH. TaxHM o6pa30M , B03M ym aiom aH c h ä b BHÖpopeuyKTOpa HMeeT no- CTOHHHoe HanpaBÄeHHe no npnMoft, nepneHÄHxyÄHpHofi Me>xoce- BOft ÄHHHH.

Ha y p aÄ b cx o M aBT033B0Äe BH Ö popeuyxTop 1,7 k b t ycneuiHo paöoT aeT Ha öyHxepe-OTCTOHHHxe (JiopMOBoqHofi 3eMÄH eM xocTbio 25 m 3.

Tun9AeKTpO-ABHraTe^fl

MOUJ,HOCTb B Kern npH

2800 oo\muh

B03My- maro- maa CHJia B KZ

AOJ\ 012-2 0,12 100A o n 11-2 0,18 200AOJ1 21-2 0,40 400

A B T O M a T H 3 a i J H H n p O L j e C C a 3 a K a < J I K H T O H K O C T e H H b l X r H J I b 3 U H J I H H Ä p O B

K fl. PyCOB, A. A. I1HCAPEBnpO C/iaBCH H H M O TO pH b lii 33BOA

U AHBOJIEE pauHOHaÄbHbiM npoueccoM TepM ooßpaöoTXH rHÄb3 * * UHÄHHÄpOB aBTOMOÖHÄbHblX H TpaXTOpHblX ÄBHraTeÄeft HB- ÄHeTCH noBepxHocTHan 3axaÄxa t.b .h . c noCÄeuyiomHM HH3XHM o m y cx o M b HHÄyxuHOHHbix n eqax npoMbiumeHHoft qacTOTU. 3 t o t nponecc HaiueÄ m n poxoe npHMeHeHHe ä ä h repM O oöpaöorxH rHÄb3 U H äh h äP o b HeTHpexTaxTHbix ÄBHraTeÄeft.

Ü Ä H a x o ä ä h rHÄb3 u h ä h h ä P o b ÄßyxTaxTHbix ÄBHraTeÄeft c Ha- ÄHMH9M npoÄyBOHHHK okoh moBepxHocTHaH 3axaÄ»xa 3aTpyÄ-HeHa BCÄeÄCTBHe onÄaBÄeHHH xpom ox oxoh . B äsh h om CÄyqae npHH- ÄHnnaÄbHo B03Mo*eH BapnaHT CBepÄeHHH npoÄyBonHbix OTBep- c th h nocÄe noBepxHOCTHOÜ 3axaÄXH nyTeM npHMeHeHHH SÄexTpo- H cxpoB oro MeTOÄa nponiHBXH, ho ä ä h SToro TpeßyeTCH ueÄbift npoÄeT SÄexTpoHcxpoBbix ycTaHOBOX, h to sxoHOMHnecxH ce6n He onpaBÄbißaeT.

yx a3 aH H 0 e OÖCTOHTeÄhCTBO 3aCT3BHÄO TepMHCTOB HCXaTb ÄÄH TepM ooöpaßoTX H rHÄb3 c npoÄyBoqHbiM H DTBepcTHHMH ÄpyrH e TexHOÄorHwecxHe BapnaHTbi. O c h o b h m m TpeöoBaHHeM x TepMOOö- paß o T xe THÄb3 ä h ä h h ä P o b HBÄHeTCH oöecneneHHe HaHMeHbuiHx Äe<})opMauHH rHÄb3 n pn c o ö ä k jä c h h h TexHHuecxHx ycÄOBHft nep- Te>xa n o M H xpocTpyxType h TBepÄOCTH paöoneft noßepxHOCTHTHÄb3.

r HÄb3bi OTÄHBaroTCH H3 c e p o r o qyryH a C Ä eÄ y io ru e ro XHMHqe- c x o r o co cT a B a (b % ) :

y o e p o a .......................3,2—3,5K p eM H H ft.................. . 2,2—2,4MapraHeu ................. 0,6—0,8X p o M .............................. 0,3—0,6<Poc<|x>p.......................... Ä o 0,2C e p a .............................. Äo 0,12THTaH................................. 0,03—0,08

TßepÄOCTb rHÄb3 nocue TepM ooßpaöoTXH HRC 42— 50 eÄ. E (äh nOÄyqeHHH He6oÄbuiHx ÄetjiopMauHH (He 6oÄee 0,25 mm

no 3ÄÄHnTHqH0CTH H XOHyCHOCTH) HeOÖXOÄHMO npeÄT»HBÄHTb Bbl- coxne Tpe6oBaHHH x nocTOHHCTBy h paBHOMepHOCTH TeMnepaTypu HarpeBa h ck o p o c th ox jtam ß.enna n o BbicoTe h oxpyxxHocTH rn jtb3 npn hx 3axaÄxe, a Taxixe oöecneqHBaTb onTHMaÄbHyxi cxopocTb oxÄaiKÄeHHH, 3aBHCHiuyio o t MaTepnaÄa h h c x o ä h o ü MHxpo- CTpyXTypbl THÄb3.

HcCÄeÄOBaHHHMH BÄHHHHH HCXOÄHOft MHXpOCTpyXTypU THÄb3 nepeÄ 3axaÄXoß ycTaHOBÄeHO, h to Ha BeÄHHHHy Äe<})opMauHft rHÄb3 nocue hx 3axaÄKH bähhhdt He TOÄbxo xoÄeöaHHH b xhm h- qecxoM cocTaBe qyryHa rHÄb3, ho h xoÄeöaHHH BeÄHqHHbi 3epeH rpa<})HTa.

ü o s T O M y xanecTBo T ep M oo ö p a ß o T X H rH Äb3 h 3 x o ä h tc h b npn - MOft CBH3H C TeXHOÄOrneft OTÄHBXH THÄb3.

B ÄCHCTBHTeÄbHOCTH ÄaiKe npH yCÄOBHH HCn0Äb30B3HHH Bcex npaxTHqecxHx B03MO>XHOCTeft ä ä h BbinOÄHeHHH nepeqHCÄeHHbix TpeöoßaHHft oSueMHaH 3axaÄxa rHÄb3 u h ä h h ä P o b b cboöoäh om cocto hh h h nyTeM norpyixeHHH rHÄb3 b oxÄajKÄaxuuyx) cpeÄy yÄOBÄeTBopHTeÄbHbix pe3yÄbTaTOB no Äe(})opMauHHM rHÄb3 He o6ecneqHBaeT.

FIosTOMy npn pa3pa6oTxe npouecca TepMoo6pa6oTXH to h x o - CTeHHbix rnÄb3 u h ä h h ä P o b ÄH3eÄeft 1 A3-204 h H A3-206 ßbiua npHMeHeHa oöieM Han 3axaÄxa rHÄb3 Ha cneunaubHux o n p a B x a x ,

K oH TpoÄb no ue^opM auH H M ocymecTBÄHeTCH b cneunaubHOM npucnocoÖÄeHHH npu noM om u HHÄHxaTopa no HapyixHOM y ÄH a- MeTpy rHÄb3bi.

KoHCTpyxuHH r«Äb3 h o n p a ß o x n oxa3aH a Ha puc. 1,

42 ABTOMo6HjibHan npOMbllUJieHHOCTb JV2 7, 1962 r.

Z la n oßecneneHHH H eoßxonHM oii iurreHCHBHoCTH oxaa>i<aeHHH Ha onpaBKax ButJipeaepoBaHbi p aan aabH b ie h BiiHTOo6pa3Hbie n po - jio jtb H b ie na3bi, no k o to p h m n p o n c x o a H T aBnaceHHe M acaa CHH3y BBepx. A n a M e T p onpaBKH Ha 0,03— 0,05 m m ß o ab iu e BHyTpeHHe- ro apaM eT p a cup o ft rnab3bi.

H a irp eT a « rn ab 3 a n o rpyacaeT ca b M acao h n pn oxaaacaeHH H naoTH o o ö a e rae T onpaBK y, a 3aTeM, n p e iep n eß o ö ie M H o e pac - uinpeHHe b (})a3e MapTeHCHTHoro npeBpam eHHH, cB oöoaH o chh- MaeTCH c onpaBKH, c o x p a H a a UHUHHapHnecKyio $ o p M y h pa3Mepbi,

P hc. 1. OnpaBKa h rnab3a.

npnaaH H bie efi onpaBKoft. H p n s t o m anaiMeTp raab3bi cTaHOBHTca Ha HeKOTopyio BeaHMHHy 6 o ab m e an aM eT pa onpaBKH. ü p H p a m e - h h 6 an aM eT pa n in b 3 u 38b h c h t o t c k o p o c t h oxaa jK aeH H a, ot npHMeHaeMoft o x a a *a a io m ,e ft c p e a u h ee T eM n epaT ypu , a T aK w e o t T eM n epaT yp u H arpeB a rn a b 3 u n o a 3aKaaKy.

H a n a y m n n e pe3 yabT aT U b e M u c ae KauecTBa 3aKaaKH h o t c y t - c tbh h ae<J)opMauHft rnab3 noaynaiOTCH npn Hcnoab30BaHHH b Ka- aecTBe o x aa jK aa io iu e fi c p e a u BepeTeHHoe M acao 2, TeM nepaTypa KOToporo noaaep>K H BaeTca b n p e a e a a x 50— 90°.

PlepBOHaMaabHO H arpeB rn ab3 noa 3aKaaKy n poH 3B o an aca b Ma3yTHUx nenax c KOHTpoaeM TeMnepaTypu no raabBaHOMeTpy c TepMonapoft.

r ip n npHMeHeHHH H arpeB a n o a 3aK aaK y b Ma3yTHbix nenax OKOHMaTeabHuft 6paK no TepM oo6pa6oTK e rnab3 unaHHapoB co- C T a a a a a o « o a o 10%, 10% rnab3 n o a ß e p ra a o c b o iob toph u m 3a- KaaKaM , o t 20 a o 40% rnab3 in an ycaoBH oroaH U M H .

O c h o b h o ö npHMHHOH TaK oro B u coK oro ß p a x a no TepMOOÖpa- 6oTKe rnab3 H B anaocb oO nabH oe oöpa30BaHH e oKaaHHbi, KOTopaa 3 a c o p a a a cncTeM y oxaa>KaeHHH, mto cnocoöcTBO Baao HepaBHo- MepHOMy oxaa>KaeHHK) rnab3 n pn 3aKaaKe, h, KpoMe Toro, n o n a - a a a a b 3a3op M e w a y onpaBKoft h rnab3oft, Bbi3biBaH aon oa iiH - TeabHbie ae<}>opMauHH. H jih cH n*eH H H 6paK a H eoßxoaH M o 6 u a o o6ecneMeHHe 6e30K ncaH TeabH oro H arpeBa rnab3 n o a 3aKaaKy.

3 T a 3 a a a n a 6 u a a perneHa npHMeHeHneM H arpeB a t.b.m., mto oaHOBpeMeHHo n o3 B oan ao aBTOMaTH3HpoßaTb n pou ecc 3aKaaKH rHab3 unaH H apoB . BH eapeH H e HHayKUHOHHoro H arpeB a t.b.m. a a n 3aKaaKH rnab3 unaH H apoB h aBTOMaTH3auHH n pou ecca pe3- k o noBbicuaH KaMecTBO TepMHMecKoft oöpaöoTKH rHab3 h oöecn e - MnaH:

1) CHH/Kenne öpaK a no TepM ooßpaßoTK e rnab3 a o 0,8%;2) cnn>KeHHe npnnycKa na inaHcjioBKy rnab3 nocae TepMooöpa-

ö o tk h b 1,5 pa3a, mto no3BoaHao pe3KO noBbicHTb nponycKHyio cnocoönocTb MexaHHMecKoro yMacTKa npoH3BoacTBa THab3;

3) CHHJKeHHe TpyaOeMKOCTH TepMOOÖpaÖOTKH THab3;4 ) noBbimeHHe KyabTypbi TepM ooöpaöoTK H rHab3 unaH H apoB .AßTOM aT a a n 3 a «a a K n m a n a , cKoncTpyHpoiBahHbiH na 3a«o iae ,

noKa3aH Ha pnc. 2. Ero pa3Mepu TaKHe; L=3850, ß=2350, H — = 1420 m m .

A b to m b t miTaeTCH o t MauiiiHHoro reH epaTopa nBB-100/8000 MOlUHOCTbK) 100 KBT, M3CTOTOH 8000 Z14 C HanpH/KeHHeM 750 8. Ä an T eab iiocTb HarpeBa 46 ce/c. FlpoH3BoaHTeabHocTb 65 rHab3 b Mac. OcHOBHaa eMKOCTb cocTaßaaeT 9,72 MKtp. .QonoaHHTeabHaa eMKocTb 2,65 MKtp BKaioMaeTCH Mepe3 25 ceK n ocae Hanaaa HarpeBa.

ÄBTOMaT c o c to h t H3 KapK aca 1, HHuyKTopa 2 , a ß y x x o a o B o ro nHeBMaTHMecKoro UH aH H apa 3 , 3arpy30M Horo a o r e a 4 c MexaHH3- mom nouiTyMHOH BbiaaMH m a b 3 b cTaHOK, KaHTOBaTeaa 5 , 3aKa- aoM Horo 6aK a 6, MexaHH3Ma noßopöT a 7, MexaHH3Ma Bbirpy3KH 8, p aß oT a io iu e ro o t nHeBMaTHMecKoro u naH H ap a h MexaHH3Ma k oh t- pojiH HaaHMHH rnab3bi Ha onpaBK e 9.

H H ayK T op aBTOMaTa c o c to h t H3 a B y x nocaeaoßaTeabHO BKaio- MeHHbix KaTyuieK, HaMOTaHHux b oaH y CTopoHy. P a 3 p u B Meacay KaTyuiKaMH b 30He npoayBO M H ux ok oh cocTaBaneT 19— 20 mm. Becb HHayKTop HMeeT 28 b h tk o b , a a n n a e ro 332 mm, a BHyTpeH- hhh anaM eTp 162 mm. H H ayK T op H3roTOBaeH H3 npocfw anpoB aH - hoh M eanofl TpyßKH ceaeHHeM 1 0 X 1 0 mm c to u iu h h o h ctch kh 1 mm.

B K apKace CTaiiKa cMOHTHpoßaHu saeK T poo öop yaoB aH H e CTaH- Ka, KOHaeHcaTopHaa 6 aT ap ea h HHHeftHuft KOHTaKTop. C ß e p x y Ha K apxace yeraHOBaeH bi iu h to k c H3M epnTeabnuM H npnßopaM H h paM a. H a paM e pacnoaom eH bi HHayKTop h a B y x x o a o ß o fi nHeBMa- THMecKHft uH anH ap , KOTopuii n pn k opotk om x o a e 3aTaaKHBaeT rn ab3 y b HHayKTop, a npn aanHHOM x o a e BbiTaaKHBaeT H arpe- Tyio rn ab3 y H3 HHayKTopa b KaHTOBaTeab. K aH TO BaTeab ycTaHOB- aeiH Ha x p u u ix e saKaiaoMHoro ß ax a , HasHaueHHe e ro — n oaep - HyTb rn ab 3 y H3 ropH 30H TaabH oro noaonceHHa b BepTHKaabHoe h HanpaBHTb ee Ha onpaBK y b 33KaaoMHOM 6aKe.

MexaHH3M noßopoTa npeacTaßaneT coßoft BepTHKaabHo ycra- HOBaeHHUH b 3aKaa0MHOM 6aKe Baa, Ha kotopom ynpenaeHu mecTb paanaabHo HanpaBaeHHux TpaBep3 c onpaBKaMH. 3a Kaxc- auft uHKa cTaHKa Baa noBopannBaeTCH MaabTnftcKHM MexaHH3- m om Ha 60° c n ocaeay io iu e ft (JwKcauHefi noaoHceHHH.

P hc. 2. A btomht a a h 3aKaaKH rHab3,

M e X a llH 3 M nOUITyM HOH Bb iaaM H (pH C . 3) COCTOHT H3 B H aK H c U »y M H p o jK K a iM H , y K p e n a e H 'H o f i Ha o c h , h a a e K n p o M a r H H T a , c b h -

3 a H i io r o npoM e>K yTO M H b iM p u n a r o M c 3 a a H H M ( n o x o a y r n a b 3 u )

naeMOM B n aK H .

M e x a H H 3 M B b irp y 3 K H c o c to h t H3 B e p T H K a a b H o y c T a H O B a e H H o r o

n H e B M a T H M e c K o ro u n a H H a p a , K O T o p u ß n o c p e a c T B O M K p o H u iT e f lH a

y n p e n a e H H a K p u u iK e 3 a K a a o M H o r o 6 a K a . H a K O H u e n iT O K a u h - aH H flip a y x p a n a e H 3 ax iB aT , C H H M aio iu H H rH a b 3 iy c a n p a 'B K H 3 a 6 y p -

THK.

M e x a H H 3 M K O H T p o a n H aanM H H rn a b 3 b i H a o n p a B K e y c T a H O B a e H

n a K p b iu iK e ß a K a M e * a y M exaH H 3 M O M B u r p y 3 K H h K a H T O B a T e a e M .

O h H M eeT a a a myna — o a n n 'H e n o a B H W H U H , a B T o p o n b c e p e -

a n n e H M eeT o c b B p a m eH H H . P a c c T O H H H e Mencay hhhchhmh K o n u a -

mii m y n o B n e M H o r o G o a b u ie a n a M e T p a o n p a B K H h n p n o tc y tc tb h h n a o n p a B K e r n a b 3 b i o n p a B K a C B o ß o a H O n p o x o a H T M e > K a y hhmh. n p n H aanM H H H a o n p a B K e T H ab 3 b i hh jkhhh K o n e u n o a ß H > K H o ro

iuyna O T X o a n T b C T o p o H y h, n o ß o p a M H B a a c b H a C B o e ft och, B e p x -

hhm kohuom H a x H M a e T H a M H K p o B U K a io M a T e a b BK4. S a e K T p o -

o ß o p y a o B a H H e C T aH K a (p n c . 4) p a ß o T a e T c a e a y io iU H M o ö p a 3 0 M .

HaaoTneM KHonnn KY1 «n y c K » BKaiOMaioT npoMencyTOMHoe peae P H I, h noaaeTcn t o k nanpajKeHHeM 220 e b aaeKTpocncTe- My CTaima.

Jfe 7, 1962 r. AßTOMoÖHJibHan npoMbiuiJieHHOCTb 43

Ha>KaTneM khohikh K Y 3 BK.'iKwaioT saeK TpoM aniH T 3 M 1 Me- xaHH3Ma nouiTyMHOH BbiaaaH rn a b a b c t s h o k , npn s t o m BUJina MexanH3Ma n oB opaqn B aeT ca , nepeann ft BbicTyn ee yianJiH BaeTca

h rHjib3bi npoKaTbißaiOTca no jioTKy ä o ynopa b 33ä h h h BbicTyn b h ä k h (pnc. 3 ).

C OTnycKaHHöM k h oh k h K V 3 saeKrpoM arHW T 3 M 1 OTKaioqaeT- ca, BHJwa n oB opaanB aeT ca B .H C xoaH o e n oaow eH H e, nepeÄHHM 3y6oM OTcenaa raab3b i b aoTKe, a OÄHy rn ab3 y nponycK aeT b CT3H0K.

rHÄb33, CKaTblBaaCb B CTaHOK, H3>KHMaeT Ha KOHUeBOH BbiKaioqaTeab BK1. KoHTaKTbi BbiKaioqaTeaa BK1 33MbiKaiOT uenb npo- M e*yToaH oro peae PFI2, h o h o BCTaeT Ha caMonHTaHHe.

H opM aabH o 3aMKHyTbie KOHTaKTbi P n 2 , h P n 2 3 3aMbiKai0TCH,riepBbie BKÄioaaiOT peae BpeMeHH, a BTopue — saeKTponHeB-

MaTHaecKHe KaanaHbi K 3 F I1 h K 3 P I2 .K a a n a H K 3 n i n o a a eT B 0 3ayx b a B y x x o a o B o ß unaHHap, k o -

Topbifl npn k o p o t k o m x o Ä e 3aTaaKHBaeT rn ab3 y b h h ä y k t o p .KaanaH K 3PI2 noaaeT B03ayx b unaHHap MexaHH3Ma Bbirpy3-

kh. LLItok c 33XB3TOM HaeT bhh3 h 3axBaTbiBaeT 3a 6ypT 3aKa- aeHHyio rHab3y, HaxoaamyiocH Ha onpaBKe.

Mepe3 2 ce/c 3aMbiKaK)Tca KOHTaKTbi peae BpeMeHH P B 3 h BKaio- aawT npoMe*yTOHHoe peae PFI3.

HopM aabHO OTKpblTbie KOHTaKTbi P n 3 2 H P r i3 3 33MbIKalOTCa, BKaionaiOT aHHeftHbift KOHTaKTop K/I, h HaqHHaeTca HarpeB.

H opM aabH O 3aMKHyTbie KOHTaKTbi p eae P Ü 3 pa3MbiKai0Tca, oÖecTOMHBaioT KaanaHbi K3ni h K31B2. T o a n a T e a b a ß y x x o a o - B oro HHaHH apa h iijto k u naH H ap a MexaHH3Ma Bbirpy3KH c 3 axB a- neHHOH rnab30H B03Bpam aioTCH b H exoaH oe noaoHceHHe.

Mepe3 3 ce/c nocae BKameHHa peae BpeMeHH 3aMbiKaroTcsi ero KOHTaKTbi PB 2 , BKaionaiomHe MarHHTHbift nycKaTeab Ü M , a nocaeÄHHH BKaioqaeT ÄBHraTeab MexaHH3Ma noBopoTa. KOHTaKTbi P B 2 — 3aMbiKak)TCH ToabKO Ha 1— 1,5 ce/c, a aaabHeftmee nHTa- Hne FIM h ero BbiKaroaeHHe b KOHue noßopoTa ocymecTBaaeT koh - ueBoft BbiKaionaTeab BK3.

E c a n Ha onpaBK e o c T a a ac b He CHHTaa rnab3a , t o npn n oß opo - te Mex3HH3M KOHTpoaa HaaHMHH rHab3bi na onpaBK e cpaÖOTaeT, 3aMKHeT KOHTaKTbi MHKpoBbiKHKjqaTeaa B K 4 , a nocaeaH H e BKaio- qaT npoMeacyTOHHoe p e a e PFI6 , KOTopoe qepe3 6aoK-KOHT3KTbi IBM n epeftaeT Ha caMonHTaHHe a o KOHua n oßopoT a. ripn s t o m HopM aabH O 3aMKHyTble KOHTaKTbi P n 6 , p33MbIKaiOTCH, BhlKaiO- q a a p e a e BpeMeHH, h u h k ä n pepu B aeT ca .

n p n OKOHH3HHH nOBOpOTa 6aOK-KOHTaKTbI n M pa3MbIKaiOTCH, BbiKaionaioT npoMescyTOHHoe peae PFI6 , HopMaabHO 3aMKHyTbie KOHTaKTbi KOToporo P n 6 i, 3aMUKancb, BKaionaioT peae BpeMeHH, h UHKa HaMHHaeTCH CHanaaa.

Mepe3 5 ce/c nocae oKOHqaHHH noBopoTa 3aMbiKaioTCH KoiiTaK- Tbi peae BpeMeHH PB 1 h peae BpeMeiiH nepexoaiiT Ha caMonHTaHHe.

3aTeM nepe3 ycTaHOBaeHHoe pewHMOM BpeMH 3aMbiKaioTCH KOHTaKTbi peae BpeMeHH P B 4 h BKaioqaiOT npoMeacyToiHoe peae PI14. TlOCaeÄHee CBOHMH HOpMaabHO OTKpblTbIMH KOHTaKTaMH P n 4 2 BKaioqaeT KOHTaKTop aonoaHHTeabHoii cm kocth Ü M E , Hop- MaabHO OTKpblTbIMH KOHTaKTaMH PFI4i 3aMbiKaeT aenb saeKTpo- MarHHTa 3M 1, npn stom oaepeaHaa rnab3a H3 3arpy3oqHoro aoTKa nocTynaeT b MexaHH3M nourryqHofi BbiaauH, a HopMaabHO

3aMKHyTbiMH KOHTaKTaMH PEMi pa3pbißaeT uenb npoMeacyToqHoe peae PEI2.

n o HCTeqeHHn ycTaHOBaeHiioro BpeMeiiH HarpeBa pa3MHKaioT- ch KOHTaKTbi peae BpeMeHH P B 3 h qepe3 npoMexcyToqHoe peae P Ü 3 BbiKaioqaiOT aHHeftHbift KOHTaKTop K/I.

OaHOBpeM eHHo 3aMbiKaioTCH KOHTaKTbi p e a e BpeMeHH P B 5 h nocpeacTBOM npoM eacyToqH oro p eae P n 5 BKaioqaeTCH saeK T po - nHeBMaTHqecKHft KaanaH K 3 Ö 3 . nocaeaH H ft n o aaeT B 0 3 a y x b a ß y x x oao B o ft unaH H ap , h H arpeT aa rn ab3 a BbiTaaKHBaeTca H3 hh- a y x T o p a b KaHTOBaTeab.

Ecan HarpeTaa rnab3a He BOinaa noaHocTbio Ha onpaBKy, hto npn nocaeayioiueM noßopoTe rpo3HT aBapneft, cpaöaTbmaeT Me- xaHH3M ßaoKHpoBKH. r-o6pa3Hbift puqar — iuyn MexaHH3Ma 6ao- khpobkh HaacHMaeT Ha KOHeqHbift BbiKaioqaTeab B K 5 , KOHTaKTbi

P hc. 4. SaeKTpnqecKaa cxeMa CTaHKa:

/ — b k jiio m ch h b c x e M b i; // — pejie n o B T O p e H H » u h k / ib ; I I I — c*beM rn / ib - 3bi c on p a B K H ; IV — n o f la ^ a rH J ib3w b h h ä y k t o p ; V — p e ; ie B peM eH H ; V I — n o ß o p o T KpecTO B H H bi Öaxa; V I I — B m n o n eH H e H a r p e B a ; V I I I — B KÄ ioH eH H e Ä o n o jiH H T e/ ib H o ft c m k o c t h ; I X — B W TaÄ K H B aH H e H a r p e T o f l TH Äb3bi H3 H H Ä yK TO p a ; X — n o u iT yH H a H n o Ä a n a rH J iba u b c t 3 h o k ;

X I — KOHTpOJIb HaÄHHHH TH Äb3bl Ha O n p aB K e .

ero b nenn npoMeacyToqHoro peae P n 2 pa3MbiKai0TCH, c ts h o k BbiKaioqaeTCH.

n ocae BbiTaaKHBaHHa HarpeTofl rHab3bi H3 HHayKTopa KOHTaKTbi peae BpeMeHH P B 5 pa3MbiKaioTCH h nocpeacTBOM npoMency- ToqHoro peae pa3pbiBaiOT uenb saeKTponHeBMaTnqecKoro KaanaHa K 3 n 3 h iu to k nHeBMaTHqecKoro unaHHapa B03BpamaeTCH b hc- xoaHoe noaojKeHne. 3aTeM pa3MbiKaiOTCH KOHTaKTbi peae BpeMeHH PB 1 h peae BpeMeHH BbiKaioqaeTCH.

OaHOBpeMeHHo BbiKaioqaeTCH npoM eacyToquoe peae P n 4 . H o p MaabHO OTKpblTbie KOHTaKTbi eTO P n 4 , pa3MbIK3IOTCH, OTKaioqaH saeKTpoMarHHT 3 M 1 . n p n s t o m ruab3a, HaxoanBiuaHCH b Mexa- HH3Me nouiTyqHofi Bbiaaqn, CKaTbmaeTCH b c t 3 h o k , H a*H M aeT Ha KOHeqHbift BbiKaioqaTeab B K I , KOHTaKTbi KOToporo, 3aMbiKancb, BKaioqaiOT npoM eacyToqHoe peae P n 2 , h u h k ä noBTopaeTCH.

n o c a e 3aKaaKH rnab3bi noaßepraiOTCH OTnycKy c HarpeBOM b Tpex<J)a3Hoft neqn npoMbimaeHHoft qacTOTbi c III-o6pa3HbiM cep- aeqHHKOM. B neqb 3arpy>KaiOTCH OaHOBpeMeHHo TpH rnab3bi. Ä a n - TeabHocTb HarpeBa 90 ce/c.

OnHcaHHbift aBTOMaTHnecKHft c t 3 h o k aaa 3aKaaKH TOHKOcreH- h w x rnab3 unaHHapoB b TeaeHHe aßyx aeT npornea sKcnayaTaun- OHHyio npoßepKy h noKa3aa xopouine pe3yabTaTM paßoTU.

44 ABTOMOÖHJIbHan npOMblUIJieHHOCTb JV» 7, 1962 r.

IlH eB M aT H H ecK a « y c ia H O B K a a j i« c ö o p k H c a n y H a

A. C. HJIbHHCKHHY / lb f lH O B C K H H

/ "'B O PK A canyiioB aBTOMoÖHjieft TA3-69 ii YA3-450 ocym ecT- B jia jiacb Ha yuHBepcajibiioM KpiiBoiiiHnHOM npecce moui-

nocTbio 18 t. OciiOBHbiM HeaocTaTKOM cßopKH na npecce nocpeactbom cneuHajibHoro uiTaMna jiBJiajiocb to , h to hhjkhhh nacTb

HHCTpyMeHTa ßbiaa BbijiBiuKHOH. r ip e m a e neM ripoii3BecTn oß w a - T iie K opn yca b neTbipex TOHKax, HeoßxoaHM o öb iao OTaeJibiibie ÄexajiH , Bxoanuuie b y3en (pnc. 1 ), coßpaTb h y jio *H T b b paßo-

HHe MecTa uiTaMna. C ß o p K y n oÄ npeccoM Heab3H ßbiao ocymecT- BJiHTb, TaK KaK Hapyinaancb TpeßoBaHua TexHHKH 6e3onacHocTH. P a ß o T a , npn KOTopoft npuxoaHJiocb Kaxabift pa3 aßuraTb Tiiwe- jiyro BbiaBH*Hyio HacTb uiTaMna, cujibHO yTOMJiHJia paß on ero . n pn 3T0M CHH>KajiaCb npOH3BOÄHTejIbHOCTb Tpyaa.

3 t o 3acTaBH Jio T e x H o a o ro B n p e c c o B o ro n e x a y jib B H O B C K oro aB- T 0 3 aB 0 Ä a COBMeCTHO C KOHCTpyKTOpaMH npoeK TH O -TexH H H ecK oro OTÄeJia HCKaTb n y r a noBbiiueHUH n p o ii3 B oau T eab H ocT H T p y a a ,

aBT03aB0fl

yjiyHuieHHH ycaoBHii no TexmiKe ße3onacnocTH n Jiyniuero ncnojib- 30BaiiHH yHHBepcajibiio-npeccoBoro oßopyaoBaiiHH.

B b ia a p a3 paß o T an a nueBMaTHHecKan ycTaHOBKa, noKa3annaFi na pnc. 2. YcTaHOBKa c o c to h t H3 Tpex och ob h h x y3Jioß: cTOJia, KOTopbifl H3roTOBjieH H3 yro jiK a h jiucTOBoro >Kejie3a; nHeBMaTH- necKoro n pu B oaa , nuT a iom ero ca o t nHeBMoceTH, aaßaeH H e b ko- Topoii cocTaBJineT 5— 6 kz/cm2, h cöopoH H oro u iTaM na, cmohth- poßaH H oro na CTOJie ycTaHOBKH. B c e ÄBHJKymuecH n a c ™ ycTa- hobkh 3aKpbiTbi, h to noJiHocTbio oßecnenHBaeT 6e3onacHocTb pa- 6 o th na aaiiHoft ycTaHOBKe.

P a ö o T a n a n neB M aTH n ecK o fi y c T a iio B K e cb oä h tch k c a e a y io - lu eM y . J lcT a a H , H3 K O T o p u x c o c to h t ca n yH , coßupaiOTCH i ie n o c p e a - CTBeiiHo b p a ß on eM m e 3 a e 1 u iTaM n a.

C ß op u jH K , n e OTHHMan pyKH o t c o ö p a H H o ro ca n yH a , n o ro ft B K jnonaeT nueBM aTHHecKuft hphbou 2 , b p e a y a b T a T e n e ro u itok 3 H H aiiH apa ÄBH ÄeTCH bhh3, y B a e a a ji 3a c o ö o ft T p a B e p c y 4 , k ko- T o p o ft n en o Ä B H Ä H o 3aKpenJieHbi n eT b ip e n oa3 yu iK H 5 . n o ji3 y u iK H B 0 3 ae ftcT B yioT Ha neTb ipe ropH 30H TaJibH o p acn ojio>K eH H b ix p a ß o - hhx n ya H coH a 6, n oc jie Ä H n e , n p u ß a m K a jic b k u e m p y p a ß o n e ro M ecTa, oß p a3 y iO T n eTb ipe y ra y ß a e iiH H b K o p n y c e ca n yH a .

Pery jin poB K a x o a a paßonnx nyaHcoHOB ocym ecTBJineTca 3a cneT nepeMemeHHa raeK 7. IlyaH coH bi 6 b H cxoaH oe noao«<eHHe B03BpamaioTCH cjieÄyioiuHM o ö p a 30M: cßopm uK c noM om bio noHiHoft neaajiH noaaeT KoM aHay Ha nHeBMaTHnecKuft uhjihhäp, u itok 3 noaHWMaeTCH BBepx, a nyaiicoHbi 6 , KOTopbie H axoaaTca

ßuö A

2 .

b K o p n y c e 8 uiTaM n a, B b ixoan T H3 3auenaeH H H c n o ji3yu iK aM H 5 h n o a aeftcTB H eM npyiKH H 9 3aHHMaiOT n epB O H an aab H oe n oao>K e- Hue,

CoßpaHHbift canyH yaaaaeTC H , a e ro M ecro 3aHHMaeT ca ea y io - u ih h . B H eapeiiH e nHeBMaTunecKoft ycTaHOBKH b npou3BoacTBO n o3 B oan ao BbiCBoßoaHTb npecc, noaHHTb npou3BoanTeabHOCTb T p y aa ß o a ee neM b 2 pa3a, pe3Ko oßaern eH T p y a cßopm uK a h 3iiaHHTeabHo yayH iueubi ycaoBHH no TexHHKe ße3onacHocTH.

' ll4Up&jMUU{USL'

O T E M E C T B E H H b lE H 3 0 E P E T E H H f l n O K O H C I P Y K U H H H T E X H O J IO T H H A B T O M O E H J IE H ,

B H E f l P E H H b lE B n P O H 3 B O Ä C T B O

ü . O . n H JI a U. K H H. yCTpOHCTBO ä a h cßopKH KpecTOBHH KapAaHHoro Bajia aBTOMOÖHJIH. A ßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBONo 125200 [1959, Ns 24]*. M ockobck h ü ro-POÄCKOÜ C 0 B H a p X 0 3 .

4>. T. C bi c o e b h AP- )KecTKasi cpenKaAJIH ÖyKCHpOBKH aBTOMOÖHJieÜ. ÄBTOp-CKoe CBHAßTeJibCTBO Ns 134009 [1960, Ns 23]. M ockobck h ü ropoACKOü coBH apxo3.

A . XI. f l X H H C O B. üpHCnOCOÖAeHHe a a h norpy3K H cb in yqnx rpy30B Ha aBTo- MOÖHAb. AßTOpCKOe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ne 125144 [1959, Ns 24], TopbKOBCKHÜ cob - Hapxo3.

B. XI. JI y A h h. YcTpoücTBO ä ah nepe-ASHH Ky30BOB aBTOMOÖHAeÜ C OÄHOTO KOH- B eüepa Ha A p y ro ü Ä B y xnen n oü KOHBeüep. A ß T opcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 127182 [1960, Ns 6], r OPbKOBCKHÜ COBHapX03.

H . H . B p a >k k h h. CTeiiA aah AeM on- T a * a aBTOMOÖHAbHblX IHHH. AßTOpCKOeCBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 127460 [1960, Ns 7], M ockobckhü ropoACKOü coB iiapxo3.

H . M . U bi r a 11 o b. üepeHOCHOü noA"b-BMIIMK a a h CHHTHH H yCTaHOBKH ÄBHraTejiH BHyTpeHHero cropaHHH. A ßTopcK oe cbh- AeTeAbCTBO Ns 127802 [1960, Ns 8], JlbBOB- CKHÜ C0BHapXO3.

B. r. T o p e a o b. M a u in iia a a h moü-KH aBTOMOÖHAbHblX KOACC. AßTOpCKOe CBH-AeTeAbCTBO Ns 129099 [1960, Ns 11], M o c - ropucnoAKOM.

A . O . M y x 11 h. ycTpoü cTB o a a h Kpen- AdlHH KaÖHHbl aBTOMOÖHAH. AßTOpCKOeCBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 129491 [1960, Ns 12].r OpbKOBCKHÜ COBHapX03.

M . C . K 0 Ä H H H AP- CTeHA ÄAH HcnbiTaHHH THÄPaBAHqeCKHX nOÄ'beMHHKOB aB- TOMOÖHAeÜ-CaMOCBaAOB. Ä B TopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 130222 [1960, Ns 14], M hhh- CTepCTBO aBTOMOÖHAbHOTO TpaHCnOpTa HuiocceÜHbix A op o r P C O C P .

K . H . f l H B K y H O B . K aM ep a a a h n po - BepKH repMeTHMHOCTH aBTOMOÖHAbHblX Ky30B0B. A ß T opcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 132425 [1960, Ns 19], TopbKOBCKHÜ co b - Iiapx03.

K . 3 . M e ä b e ä e b. AßTOCirenKa He- HcecTKoro THna. A ß TopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 135907 [1961, Ns 4], CßepAAOBCKHÜ cob- H apxo3.

* B e 3 a e b KBanpaTHHX CKOÖKax yKa3am>i ros H HOMep JKypHajia «E ro ju ieT eH b H 3o6peTeH H fl».

B. H. H o B H K O B H Ap. yCTpOHCTBO a ah 3arpy3KH pHAa öyHKepoB HacbinHbiM rpy30M, HanpHMep, cJiopMOBoqubix öyHKe- pOB HanOAHHTeAbHOÜ 3eMAeÜ. AßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 107102 [1957, Ns 6], M o c k o b c k h ü TOPOÄCKOÜ COBHapX03.

B c e c o i o 3 Hb i ü H a y n H O - H C C A e - A O B a T e A b C K H H H H C T H T y T a B H S - U H O H H b i x M a T e p n a A O B h AP- Ten - AOyCTOÜHHBaH IHTaMnOBan CTaAb ÄAH H3- rOTOBAeHHH UITaMnOB. AßTOpCKOe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 117267 [1959, Ns 2]. flp ocA aB -CKHÜ COBHap.X03.

r . JI. K o B a j I i C K H H . ABTOMaTHne- CKHÜ CT3H0K ÄAH n03yÖHOÜ 3aK3AKH 3yö- naTbix KOAec t o k 3 m h b w c o k o h qacroTH . ÄBTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 128480 [1960, Ns 10]. HßanoBCKHÜ coBHapxo3.

A . B. <J) p O A O B. ycTpoü cTBo AAH ITI.I- paBAiiqecKoro HcnbiTaHHH paAHaTopos. AßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 129371 [1960, Ns 12], flpocnaBCKHÜ C0BHapx03.

A. M . B a u i M a K O B H AP- 3axBaT aah AHCTOBbix MaTepnaAOB. AßTopcKoe CBHAe- TeAbCTiio Ns 130174 [1960, Ns 14], JleHHii-rpaACKiiü COBHapX03.

H. C. 3 11 ä e a b c o 11 11 Ap. Cnocoö npeccosam in oöoAOHKOBbix i[)opM 113 Tep- MOpeaKTIIBIIblX hah A pyrn x CMeceü. Ab- TopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 113329 [1958, Ns 6], JlenHiirpaACKHÜ coBiiapxo.s.

14. H . K o t o b. Pa3A iiB oq iioe ycrpoü - c t b o k AiiTeünoü MaiunHe K apycenb iioro Tiina. ÄBTopcKoe CBHAeTejibCTBo Ns 113574 [1958, Ns 6]. fleAHÖHIICKHÜ C0BHapX03.

H . A . E ji h n. M aTepnaA ä a h ncnpaB- AeHHH AeiJieKTOB, oöpa30BaBinHxcH npn AHTbe HAH B pe3yAbTaTe KOPP03HH, BHyT- peHHHx HanpHHceHHÜ h TOMy noAOÖHbix npHHHH. A ßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 113578 [1958, Ns 6]. JleHHHrpaACKHÜ COBHapX03.

B. C. B 0 p o ö b e b h AP- MeTOA H3ro-TOBAeilHH H3 aAIOMHHHeBblX CnA3BOB TOq- Hbix npecc-tfiopM, npeAna3HaqeHHbix a a h npOH3BOACTBa BbinAaBAHeMblX MOAeAeÜ. A ßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 113631 [1958, Ns 6]. BAaAHMHpCKHÜ COBHapX03.

JI. B. T o p r O H C K H Ü H AP- yCTpOÜ- c t b o ä ah oxAajKAeHHH ropHqeü AeHTbi no- CAe oTnycKa Ha TepMHqecKOM arperaTe. A ßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 114640 [1958, Ns 6], JleHHHrpaACKHÜ coBHapxo3.

JI. A . M a ü. KpeMHetjiTopHCTOBOÄOpoA- HblÜ SAeKTpOAHT ÄAH UHHKOB3HHH. AßTOp-

CKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 115163 [1958, Ns 9]. 3anopo>KCKHÜ coBHapxo3.

H. B. A i j i a H a c b e B h äP- Cnocoö onpeAeAeHHH TeKyqecTH (JiopMOBoqHoü CMe- ch no MeTOAy npOAaBAHBaHHH. AßTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 115309 [1958, Ns 10].BpHHCKHÜ COBHapX03.

M . <t>. r O JI Ä o 0 H H H AP- MaiHHHa ÄAH nenpepbtBHOü otahbkh naAeAHÜ. AiBTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 116666 [1958, Ns 12]. XlHenponeTpoBCKHÜ coBHapxo3.

B. ü . K y p y H O B h A p . y c T p o ü c T B o aah nepeKAaAbiBaHHH H3AeAHÜ c oahoto KOKBeüepa Ha A p y r o ü . AßTopoKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 132986 [1960, Ns 20], TopbKO B -OKHÜ COtBHapX03.

H. T. T y A b q e B C K H Ü . HaKAOHHbiü nenH oü TOAKaioruHÜ KOHBeüep. AßTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 133809 [1960, Ns 22]. Kh-eBCKHÜ COBHapiX03.

B. H. O o M I I H H AP. JlHTeÜHblÜ Bep- TITKaAbHO-3aMK‘HyTbIÜ KOHBeüep c ycTpoü- CTBO'M AAH BblÖHBKH ijlOpMbl. AßTOpCKOeCBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 117265 [1959, Ns 2], Poc-TO'BCKHH CÖB'HapX03.

P. F. X l ä H H A e B C K a n 'H AP- Pa3AeAb- nan cMaaKa a a h noKpbiTHÜ MOAeAbHoü oc- IiaCTKH. AßTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBONs 117941 [1959, Ns 3]. M ockobckhü ropoA-CKOÜ C0IBIiapXO3.

FI. A . JI a 11 k h 11 h AP- HiiAyiKTop a a h

nOBepXHOCTHOÜ 33K3AKH 3'yÖqaTbIX KOAeC il u iecTepeii öoA bu ioro MOAynH. A ßTopcK oe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 119279 [1959, Ns 8]. M 11- iincTepcTBO nyTeü cooömeHHH C C C P .

B. H . 3 a p e w ö o. HoaaTop ä ah pac- nnasAeHiioro weTaAAa. AßTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 120656 [1959, Ns 12]. CeBepo-OceTHHOKHÜ C0BHapX03. ,

A . M . M h a o ®. Cnocoö noAorpeßa AyTbH. AßTopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 121227 [1959, Ns 14]. BeAopycoKHÜ coBHapxo3.

B. B. H e q i B O A O A O B h äP- KaMepa äah p e in reH o-crpyK T yp H oro anaA H 3 a . Ab- TopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 121281 [1959, Ns 14]. 3anopo>KCKHÜ coBHapxo3.

14. A . C o a o b e ü q h k. THApaBAHqe- c K o e inpeAoxpauHTeAbHoe ycTpoücTBo. A b - TO'pcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 121427 [1959, Ns 15]. CßepAAOBCKHÜ caBHapxo3.

ü . M . C o a 0 b e ü q h k. npoM ejKyroq-HblÜ naTpO H ÄAH CT3HOB XOAOÄHOÜ IipO K aT- KH Tpyö C THÄpaBAHqeCKHM mpHBOAOM. Ab-TopcKoe CBHAeTeAbCTBO Ns 121428 [1959, Ns 15]. ClBepAAOBCKHÜ COBHapX03.

nPHMEHEHHE MHOrOKAMEPHblX KAPBIOPATOPOB HA BOCbMHUHJlHHßPOBblX V - O E P A 3 H b I X Ä B H T A T E J 1 5 1 X

IT IH TA H H E coBpeMeHHbix b o c b m h u h j AHHAPOBblX V-OÖpa3HbIX ABHraTeAeü

rop ioqeü CMecbio, KaK npaBHAO, ocyu jecT - BAHeTCH npH nOMOLUH MHOTOKaMepHblX K apöiopaTopoB . Ha öoA ee 4)opcHpoBaHHbix B apn a iiT ax ABH raTeAeü s t o t o T im a HepeA- KO HCnOAb3yiOT HeCKOAbKO M H oroKaM ep- h w x K apöiopaTopoB . B CIUA, rA e BOCb- MHUHAiiHApoBbie- V -oöpa3 H bre ABH rareAH

noAyqHAH ocoßeHHo uinpoKoe pacnpocTpa- HeHHe, H3 71 MOAHiJiHKauHH ABH raTeAeü 3TOrO THna, H3rOTOBAHBIUHXCH B 1961 r., 26 (36,5%) HMeAH no oahom v AßyxK a- MepHOMy KapöiopaTopy, 32 (45%) no o a - HOMy qeTbipexKaMepHOMy, 4(5,5% ) no Tpn AsyxKaMepHbix KapöiopaTopa, 7 (10% ) no ABa qeTbipexKaMepHbix, a Ha Aßyx (3% ) M o n n d p H K a m a x A B H raT eA eü npiiM eHHACa

BnpbicK öeH3HHa bo BnycKHbie naTpyÖKH. TaKHM OÖpa30M, B nOAaBAHIOmeM ÖOAb- uiHHCTBe CAyqaeB ycTaHaBAHBaeTCH o a h h A ß y x - h ah qeTbipexKaMepHbiü K apöiopaT op .

XIah noAyqeHHH onTHMaAbHbix MomHO- c th h x h SKOHOMHqecKHx noK a3aTeAeü pa- öoTbi ÄBHraTeÄH BecbMa cym ecTBeHHoe 3iiaqeHHe HMeeT cn ocoö coeAHHeHHH CMe- CHTeAbHbix KaMep K apö iopaT opoB c BnyCK-

46 ÄB TO M oälfJ IbH aSI rißOMbIIl]JieHHt>Cft> Jfc 7, 1962 r.

HbIMH K3H3JI3MH TOAOBKH ÖAOKa, T. e. KOHCTpyKUHH BnycKHoro TpyöonpoBOÄa. O t coBepmeHCTBa TpyöonpoBO Äa 33bh c h t BeÄHHHHa K03Cp([)HUHeHTa HanOJIHeHHH, paBHOMepHOCTb HanoÄHeHHH UHÄHHÄPOB H paBHOMepHOCTb cocTaBa CMecn b u h a h h a - pax.

riouTH Ha Bcex coBpeMeHHbix V -o ö p a 3 - HHX BOCbMHUHÄHHÄPOBblX ÄBHTaTeÄHX BnycKHbie TpyöonpoBO Abi ycTpoeH bi TaK, h to nOÄOBHHa CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep oa h o - ro häh HecKOÄbKHX K apöiopaTO poB nHTa- eT cpeAHHe u h ah h ap u o ä h o to ÖAOKa h KpaflHHe UHÄHHflpbi Ä p y ro ro 6äok 3 ; b to - pan nOÄOBHHa CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep n o u a - eT rop ion y io CMecb b KpaÜHHe u h äh h ap u n e p ß o ro 6äok3 h b cpeAHH e uhähhapw B T oporo ÖÄOKa. TaKHM o6pa30M , BnycK- hoh T py öon po B O A c o c to h t H3 A ß y x caMO- CTOHTeAbHO paßoT aio iuH x TpyöonpoBOAOB, KOTopbie, OÄH3KO, H3rOTOBÄHK)TCH B OAHOH OÖUlefl OTÄHBKe.

3 t o ycTpoHCTBO BnycKHOro_ Tpyöonpo- BOAa oöycAOBAeHO pacnoÄOÄeHHeM cpeA- HHX H KpaÜHHX UiaTyHHblX uieeK KOAeH- uaToro BaAa b Aßyx B3aHMHO-nepneHAHKy- ÄHpHblX nÄOCKOCTHX H CBH33HHbIM C TaKOH KOHCTpyKUHefl KOAeHuaToro BaAa paBHO- MepHbiM HepeAOBaHHeM TaKTOB BnycKa b CpeAHHX UHÄHHAPaX OÄHOTO ÖA0K3 h KpaHHHx uHAHHApax Apyroro 6AOKa, no- AynaiomHx ropionyio CMecb H3 oäh oh no- AOBHHbi TpyöonpoBOÄa. MepeAOBaHHe TaK- to b BnycKa nepe3 KawAbie 180° yrAa no- BopoTa KOAeHuaToro BaAa cnocoöcTByeT paBHOMepHOCTH HanoÄHeHHH UHÄHHÄPOB ropioneft CMecbio.

Ha pnc. 1 noxa3aHa cxeM a BnycKHoro TpyöonpoBO Äa BOCbMHUHAHHApOBOrO ABH-

oAH y noAOBHHy TpyöonpoB O Ä a. f lp o c c e A b - Hbie 33CAOHKH BTOPHHHblX KaMep OTKpblBa- KJTCH nOCAeAOBaTeAbHO no OTHOHieHHK) K OTKpblTHIO 33CA0H0K nepBHHHblX KaMep, TaK m e KaK b cxeMe, onncaHHOH Bbiuie. K po M e t o to , HHorAa npeAycM aTpH BaeTca nocAeAOBaTeAbHoe OTKpbiTHe ApocceAbHbix 3acAOHOK nepBHHHbix KaMep o ä h o to K ap ö iopaT op a no OTHomeHHio k o tk p h th io ApocceAbH bix 3aCAOHOK nepBHHHUX KaMep B Toporo K apö iopaT o pa , h to cnocoöcTByeT nAaBHocTH n epexoA a c o ä h o to pem HMa p a - 6 o t u Ha Ä P yro fl npn MaAbix H arpy3K ax (L L IeB po A e -K opB eT ).

TaKoii nopHAOK BKAioneHUH CMecHTeAb- Hbix KaMep AaeT nporpeccHBHoe yßeAHHC- HHe cyM M apHoro npoxoA H oro ceneHHH AH(b-4)y30p0B, HTO B H3BeCTHOH CTenenH COOT- BeTCTByeT npHMeHeHHH) Kapö iopaTopa c AH<J)(})y3opoM nepeM eHHoro ceneHHH, oöec- neHHBaioiuero H anöoAee ÖAaronpHHT- Hbie ycAOBHH CMeceo6pa30BaHHH h HanoÄHeHHH UHÄHHÄPOB n pn p33AHHHbIX peHTH- Max paöoTbi ÄBHraTeAH.

K aK BHAHO H3 PHC. 1, 2 H 3, KOHCTpyKUHH BnycKHbix TpyÖOnpOBOAOB OCTaiOTCH B npHHUHne OAHHaKOBbIMH, HO KajKAaa rpynna H3 neTbipex u h a h h a p o b , o&bean- uneMaH o äh o h noAOBHHoft TpyöonpoBOÄa, noAynaeT rop ion y io CMecb cooTBeTCTBen- ho H3 o äh o h , A ßyx h äh neTbipex CMeCH- TeAbHbix KaMep.

X o th b nocAeAHeft cxeM e oö iu ee hhcäo CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep coBnaAaeT c hhcäom UHÄHHÄPOB ÄBHraTeAH, T3K3H CHCTeMa nHTaHHH npHHUHnnaÄbHo OTAHHaeTCH o t H acro HcnoÄb3yeMoii na roH onnbix aBTo- MOÖHAHX ycTaHOBKH CaMOCTOHTeAbHOTO K apöiopaTopa ä a h K am Aoro UHAHHApa,

>KeH b cpeAHefl nacTH, h to BAeneT 3a coöofi HepaBHOMepHOCTb HanoÄHeHHH u h ah h apob , TaK KaK, HanpHMep, u h a h h a p 2, BcacbiBaio- luhh ropronyio CMecb b onpeAeAeHHbie mo- MeHTbi cpa3y H3 neTbipex CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep, coeAHHeH c TpeMH H3 s t h x KaMep nepe3 y3Kyio nacTb KaHana, ApocceAHpyio- iu y io noTOK CMecn.

O ch o bh o h ueA bio ycTaHOBKH KapöiopaTO- poß c nocAeAOBaTeAbHbiM BKAioneHHeM Ka-

Phc. 1. CxeM a BnycKHoro TpyöonpoBOÄa äjih d a h o - ro AßyxKaMepHoro Kapöio

paTopa.

Phc. 2. CxeM a BnycKHoro TpyöonponoAa a a h o a h o - ro neTbipexKaMepnoro Kap

öiopaTopa.

Phc. 3. CxeMa BnycKHoro TpyöonpoBOÄa a ah Aßyx neTbipexKaMepiibix Kapöio-

paTopon,

raTeAH, miTaeMoro oahhm AByxKaMepiibiM KapöiopaTopoM (uH<j)pbi oöo3nanaioT no- pHAKOBbie HOMepa u h a h h a p o b ) . Ka>KAaH CMecHTeAbHan KaMepa oöcAy>KHBaeT ne- Tupe UHAHHApa. n P H stom ApocceAbHbie 33CA0HKH CMeCHTeAbHblX KaMep OTKpblBa- IOTCH HAH 3aKpbIB3IOTCH OAHOBpeMeHHO.

Phc. 2 AaeT npeACTaBAeHHe oö ycTaHOB- Ke neTbipexK aM epH oro K apö iop aT o pa , co- CTOHUiero H3 A ß yx nepBHHHbix h A ß y x b to - pHHHbix CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep (apaÖCKHMH UH ^paM H oöo3HaneHbi nopnAKOBbie HOMe- pa UHAHHAPOB, PHMCKHMH — KaMepbl K ap- ö io p a T o p a ). Kan<AaH noAOBHHa T p y ö o n p o BOÄa n oA ynaeT rop ion y io CMecb H3 oäh o h nepBHHHOH H OÄHOH BTOpHHHOH KaMepbl. flp occeA bH b ie 33caohkh BTopHHHbix KaMep OTKpblBaiOTCH TOÄbKO B Tex CAynaHX, KOr- A a no ycAOBHHM paöoTbi 3 b tom o öh ah Tpe- ÖyeTCH ÖOAbinaH MOIUHOCTb ÄBHraTeAH.

3HanHTeAbHo pem e npuMeHneTCH y c r a - HOBKa A ß y x neTbipexKaM epHbix K apö iop a - TopoB (pnc . 3). B TaKOM CAynae OAHa n ep - BHHH3H H OAHa BT0PHHH3H CMeCHTeAbHbie KaMepbl K ajK Aoro K apö iop aT o pa nHTaiOT

npH KOTOpoft Ka>KAbIH UHAHHAP Ha AIOÖOM p e *H M e paöoTbi nHTaeTCH H3 o ä h o h CMe- CHTeAbHofi KaMepbl. n o cxeMe, noKa3aH- h o h Ha pnc. 3, Ha p e *H M e noAHoii m o iu - HOCTH HeTbipe CMeCHTeAbHbie KaMepbl nH- TaiOT neTbipe UHAHHApa b nopnAK e hx p a - ÖOTbl, T. e. B Ka>KAbIH UHAHHAP TOpIOHaH CMecb BcacbiBaeTCH OAHOBpeMeHHO H3 ne- Tbipex CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep. B MOMeHTbl nepeKpbiTHH n poueccoß BnycKa, oöycAOB- AeHHbie pacuiHpeHHeM <J)a3 Bnycxa no o t - HouieHHio k 180° y rn a n oßopoT a KOAeHna- T oro BaAa, H3 neTbipex CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep ropionaH CMecb AOAHiHa nocTynaTb OAHOBpeMeHHO B ÄBa UHAHHApa.

Ha pnc. 4 noKa3aH BnycKHofl T py öon po - b o a (LLIeBpoAe-K opBeT ) a a h ycTaHOBKH A ß yx neTbipexKaM epHbix KapöiopaTOpoB. T py öon po B O A npeACTaBAHeT coöoft AOBOÄb- HO CAO)KHyiO OTAHBKy, B KOTOpOH He BnOA- He BbiAeparaH a chm m btphh KaHaAOB. TaK, HeoAHHaKOBoe ceneHHe HMeioT n epecexa - lomHecH KaHaAbi noA ueHTpaMH K apö iop a - TOpOB. BepXHHH K3H3A, 33KpbITbIH HenO- cpeACTBeHHo ^^B H ueM K apö iopaT opa , cy-

P hc. 4. BnycKHOH TpyöonpoBOA ÄBHraTeAH LLIeBpoAe-KopBeT c AByMH neTupexKaMep-

11 bl MH KapÖlOpaTOpaMH.

Mep HBAHeTCH nOBblUieHHe MOIUHOCTH ÄBHraTeAH npn coxpaneHHH e ro SKOHOMHne- ckhx KanecTB Ha pe>KHMax HenoAHoii Ha- rpy3KH. HanpHM ep, o a h h H3 THnoB ABHra- TeAeii U leB poA e pa3BHBaeT 230 A. c. npn paöoT e c oahhm neTbipexKaMepHbiM Kapöio- paTOpOM H 245 A. C. — C AByMH T3KHMH KapöiopaTopaMH.

HeKOTopoe pacnpocTpaHenne Ha $opcH-pOBailHblX BOCbMHUHÄHHÄPOBblX ABH raTe- a h x noAynuAa ycTanoBKa Tpex A B y xxaM ep - Hbix KapöiopaTOpoB. npHMeHHeMblH B 3T0M CAynaeB BnycKHofl Tpyöon poB O A o ö h h h o HMeeT KOHCTpyKUHH), noKa3aHHyio Ha pnc. 5 (n o H T H aK ). T a u o e ycTpoöcTBO b npHHUH- ne cooTBeTCTByeT cxeM aM , AaHHbiM Ha pnc. 1, 2 h 3, TaK KaK h 3Aecb T p y ö o n p o -BOÄ COCTOHT H3 AByX CaMOCTOHTeAbHblX TpyöonpoBOAOB, n iiTaio iunx no n eT up e u h - AHHApa. Ka>KÄbiö T pyöonpoB O A noAynaeT CMecb H3 Tpex CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep, t . e. ä a h e ro nHTaHHH HcnoAb3yeTCH OAHa CMe- CHTeAbHan K aM epa K a )K Ä oro H3 Tpex AßyxKaM epH bix KapÖropaTopoB. B n o A o ö - h h x ycTaHOBKax KapÖropaTopoB T a K * e hc- noAbayeTCH npHHunn nocAeAOBaTeAbH oro BKAioneHUH CMecHTeÄbHbix KaMep. Ha 4>Op- CHp0B3HH0M ÄBH raTeAe <topA c AHTpa>KOM6,4 a ycTaHOBAeHbi Tpn AßyxK aM epH bix K apö iopaT opa X oA A eä . n p n H eöoA buinx Ha- rpy3K ax paöoT aeT TOÄbKO cpeAHHÖ Kapöro- paTop , t . e. nHTaHHe u h a h h a p o b n po n cxo - ä h t TaK nee, KaK c TpyöonpoBOAOM , noK a- 33HHbIM Ha PHC. 1. /(pOCCeAbHbie 3aCA0H- KH OCTaAbHblX A ß y x K apöiopaTO poB H3HH- HaiOT OTKpbiBaTbCH nocAe t o to , KaK 3a-

JVs 7, 1962 r. AßTOM OÖH JTbHafl npOM blU lJlCHH OCTb 47

cao h k h cpeAH ero K apß io paT opa o tk p o io tc h npHßjiH3HTejibHO Ha V3; npH STOM 3aCAOH- kh 3aÄ H ero K apß io paT opa o n e p e w a io r b CBOeM ABHJKeHHH HaHSAO OTKpblTHH 3a-

c a o h o k nepeA H ero K apß io paT opa Ha He- cKOJibKo rp a a y c o B . Tanaa nocjieaoBaTe.Tb- HOCTb BKAIOHeHHH CMeCHTejIbHblX KaMep oßecneHHBaeTCH HecAOJKHbiM couieHeHHeM

Phc. 5. BnycK iioft TpyßonpoB O A ABHraTeAH IlOHTHaK c TpeMH AByXKaMepHbIMH Kap-'

ßiopaTopaM H .

p i.m a roB n p o c c e A b iib ix 3acjionoK nocpeu- ctbom t h t c npoAO JiroBaTbiM H npoyrnn - IlaM H C00TBeTCTByl01U,eH AJIHHbl. PlOJIOiKe- iin e n o jiH o ro o tk p h th h ÄPoccejibHbie 3a- CAOHKH Bcex K apß iopaTopoB ÄOCTHralOT OÄHOBpeMeHHO.

nocjieÄO BaTejibH oe BKAioneHHe Kapß iopaTopoB Ä aeT nporpeccHBiibiii, «ß ecn p o- BaJIbHblH» pa3TOH 3BTOMOßHAH. OflHaKO MexaHHHecKan CBH3b M ex/ iy ApocceAbHbi- MH 3aCJIOHK3MH Tpex KapßlOpaTOpOB B OT- AHHHe OT nHeBMaTHHeCKOTO BKAIOHeHHH BTopHHHbix KaMep H eTupexKaM epHoro K apß iopaTopa MOJKeT BbI3bIB3Tb «npO BajIb l» npH o*ieHb pe3KOM HaJKaTHH Ha neAaAb noÄaHH TonjiHBa. 3 t o HBAeHHe ne Haßjiio- AaeTCH Ha aBTOMoßnjiax c aBTOMaTHHecKOH TpaiicMHCCHeft, y KOTOpbix Ha>KaTHe Ha n eAaAb noAaHH TonjiHBa conpoBoiKAaeTCH nepeKJiioHeHHeM Ha HH3iuyio nepeA any c COOTBeTCTByiOIHHM nOBblUieHHeM HHCJia oßopoTOB KOJieHHaToro Bajia ABHraTeAH.

T o jibK o Ha cpeÄHeM K apß iopaT ope HMe- iotch B03ÄyuiHbie 3acjioHKH ä a h nycKa ABHraTeAH, ho Bce K ap fiiop aT opu HMeioT raaBH bie Ä03H pyioim ie CHCTeMbi, SKOiioMaft- 3epu , CHCTeMbi x o a o c t o t o x o A a 11 ycK opn- Teai.iibie H acocu .

M o m H ocT b ABH raTejia O o p u c TpeMH AiiyxKaM epiibiMH K apßiopaTopaM H cocTaB- ah ct 401 a. c. npn 6000 o6/muh; aH ano - rHHHblfl ÄBHTaTejIb c o a h h m aeTbipexK a- MepiibiM K apß iopaT opoM p a3 B H B aeT 3 7 5 A .c . y s t h x ABH raTeAefl cyM M apH an nponycK - Han cnocoßH ocTb no pacxoAy B03A yxa a a h

Tpex ÄßyxK aM epH bix K apß iopaT opoB Ha 40% ßojib iue , neM ä a h o ä h o t o neTbipex- KaM epH oro.

npeHMymecTBOM HerapexKaMepHoro KapßiopaTopa, ycraHOBAeHHoro TaK, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pnc. 2, h b äh c tch npnßAH3H- TeAbHO OÄHHaKOBan H HeCKOAbKO yßeAHHeH- iiaa ÄAHHa Bcex BnycKHbix KanaAOB Tpy

ß on poB O A a , n03BOAHKHUafl B HeKOTOpblX CAynaHX HCnOAb30BaTb HBAeHHe HHepUHOH- ho to H a Ä Ä y ß a 1 ä a h yAyH ineiiH H HanOÄHeHHH UHAHHÄPOB H nOBbimeHHH MOIUHOCTH ABH raTeAH n pn on p eA eA eH H b ix p e * H M a x p aß oTb i.

ßOAee peAKO MOJKHO BCTpeTHTb CHCTeMbi nHTaHHH BOCbMHUHAHHÄPOBblX ABHraTeAefl,b k o to p h x ropionaH CMecb noÄaeTCH ko BceM UHAHHApaM KaJKAoro ßAOKa ne- pe3 OTAeAbHbiH TpyßonpoBOA. üpn pacnoAOJKeHHH maTyHHbix rneeK KOAeHna- roro BaAa b Aßyx B&aHMHO-nepneHAHKy- AHpHblX nAOCKOCTHX, HTO HeoßxOÄH- MO no yCAOBHHM ypaBHOBeiHHBaHHH CHA HHepunH KpHBOiHHnHO-maTyHHoro Mexa- HH3M3, TaKTbi BnycKa nepeAyiOTCH B UH- AHHApax K a *A oro ßAOKa HepaBHOMepHo: eCAH HCXOÄHTb H3 TeopeTHnecKoft npoAOA- JKHTeAbHOCTH TäKTa BnyCKa, COCTaBÄHIO- mefl 180° noßopoTa KOAeHnaToro BaAa, t o B UHAHHÄPaX K3>KÄ0r0 ßAOKa 3TH TaKTbi nepeKpbiBaioT oäh h Apyroii Ha 90° hah Me>KAy HHMH nOHBÄHeTCH npOMe>KyTOK, TaK>Ke paBHbifl 90°. BcAeACTBHe s t o to B03HHK3eT HepaBHOMepHocTb HanOÄHeHHH HHÄHHAPOB rOpiOHeft CMeCblO.

TeM ne MeHee cym ecTByioT (jiopcHpoBaH- Hbie MOAHijiHKaaHH ABHraTeAefl c TaKoft CHCTeMOH nHTaHHH HHAHHÄPOB. B HHX He- peAKo npeAycMaTpHBaeTCH HcnoAb30BaHHe HHepuHOHHoro H aAAyßa TAaBHbiM oßpa30M ä a h nOBbimeHHH m oiuhocth Ha cpeAHHX HHCAaX oßopoTOB. C STOft UeAblO BnyCK- Hbie KaHaAbi TpyßonpoBO Aa, noABOAHiHHe ropionyio CMecb k Ka>KAOMy uHAHHApy, Ae-AaiOT yAAHHeHHbIMH H no B03M0JKH0CTH npaMbiMH. H anpH M ep, H3BecTiibi BapnaHTbi ABHraTeAH K paftcA ep c AßyMH neTbipexKa- MepiIblMH K apßiopaTopaM H, Ka>KÄblfl H3 KOTopbix nHTaeT Bce u h a h h a p u o a h o to ßAOKa h BbineceH 3a roAOBKy npoTHBO- noAOJKiioro ßAOKa; a a h iib BnycK iioro TpaKTa KaJKAoro UHAHHApa o t K apß iopaT o pa a o BnycKHoro K A an ana 760 m m . T aK oe ycTpoficTBO TpyßonpoBO Aa no3BOAHAo no- AyHHTb 3H3HHTeAbHOe yßeAHHeHHe KpyTH- m e ro MOMeHTa Ha cpeA iinx HHCAax oß o po - TOB C MaKCHMaAbllblM 3H3HeHHeM npH2800 o6/m u h .

B CLIJA cneiiHaAbiibie BiiycKHbie Tpyßo- npoBOAbi ä a h (JJopcHpoBaiiHsi ABHraTeAefl H3T0TOBAH1OT IießOAblUHe (})HpMbI, Buny- CKaiouuie pa3AHHiibie npHiiaAAe>KHocTH.

T a x o f l T p yß on p oB O A a a h A B H raTeA efl U le B p o A e , paccH U TatiH bifl na n cn o A b a o iia - iin e H iie p m io iiH o ro n aA A yB a , c o c to h t hb A ß y x TpyßonpoB O A O B , o ß ie A H n e n n b ix b oß - u ;e fl OTAHBKe. K a m A b if l T p yß on p oB O A n H

T a eT OÄHH H3 ßAOKOB UHAHHApOB H BblllOA- HeH b BHAe n p oA Q A b H oro K aH aAa c neTbipb-

1 riO A 3thm ycjioBHbiM Ha3BaHHeM n o flpa3yM e- BaeTCH Hcnojib30BaHHe KOJieöaHHfl noTOKa ro - pioîeft cMecH bo BnycKHbix n aT p y6 K ax ; ju ih h ä naToyÖKOB M ow eT 6biTb BbiöpaHa Tax , h to npn on peêêH H b ix n u c jia x o ö o p o to b BnycKHbie K â - naHbi 3aKpuBaioTCH b m om ch t BXOAa b u h jih h ap BOJiHbi noBbiiueHHoro ÄaßJieHHH, h to HMeeT cJien- CTBHeM noBuiueHHe K03(i)(|)Hi;HeHTa HanojineHHft.

MH CAerKa H30rliyTbIMH OTpOCTK3MH. Ha (Jinaim ax ycTaHOBAeHbi Tpn AsyxK aM epH bix K apß iopaT opa C/rpoMßepr. ITpoAOAbHbifl Ka- naA, pacrioAOJKeHHbifl cn p aß a , nHTaeT hh - AHHApbi A eß oro ßAOKa, a AeBbift npoAOAb- Hbift KaHaA oßcAy>KHBaeT uHAHHApw n p a - Boro ßAOKa. B A a ro A a p n TaKOMy ycTpoflcT - By OTpOCTKH, COeAHHHIOmHe npOÄOAbHbie KaHaAbi c roAOBKaMH 6 a o k o b , HMeioT yße- AHHÖH'HyiO ÄAHIiy (okoao 300 M M ), Heoß- xoAH M yio a a h noAyneHH HHepuHOHHoro H aAAyßa. T IpoxoAH oe ceneHHe s t h x o t - POCtkob nocTeneHHO yMeHbiuaeTCH o t npoAOAbH oro KaHaAa a o roAOBKH ßAOKa bo H3ße>KaHHe pe3KOrO H3MeHeHHH CKOPOCTH noTOKa ropionefl CMecn.

Pnc. 6. O.KopocTHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH a b h - raTeAH LLIeßpoAe.

BAHHHHe pa3Aim Hbix BnycKHbix T pyßo - npoBOAOB na paß oT y ABHraTeAH U leB p o A e noK a3ano Ha pnc. 6; s t o t BOCbMHUHAHHA- poBbift AB iiraTeAb HMeeT AHaM eTp UHAHHApa 101,6 m m , x o ä nopuiHH 86 m m , AHTpauc5,5 a h CTeneHb c h o t h h 11,5. CK opocTH an xapaKTepHCTHKa 1 n oA ynena Ha A B uraT e - Ae c HcnoAb30BanneM HHepuHOHHoro h s a - A yß a ; CKopocTiiaa xapaKTepHCTHKa 2 o t - HOCHTCH K TOMy >Ke ABHTaTeAK), HO C Tpy - ßonpOBOÄOM, B KOTOPOM 3<|)({>eKT HIlepUH- oiiH oro naA A yB a ne ncnoAb3yeTCH. KaK BHAHO H3 rpacjlHKOB, MaKCHMaAbHaH M om - iiocTb npn o ö o h x T py ßon poB O A ax OAHHa- KOBa — 364 A. c. npn 6500 o ö /m u h . O A H a - ko nepBbift TpyßonpoBO A A aeT n pn p a iu e - HHe MOHIHOCTH Ha cpeAHHX HHCAax o ß o p o TOB a o 25 a. c., h to cnocoßcTByeT noBbi- m eiiHio AiniaMHHecKHx KaneCTB aBTOMO- ÖHAH.

TaKHM Oßpa30M, CHCTeMbi nHTaHHH CO- BpeM em ibix V -o ß pa3 iii,ix boch m h uh ah h apo - b i j x ABHraTeAefl K apß io paT op iio ro Tiina M oryT ßbiTb BbinoAiieiibi bo m hothx k oh - CTpyKTHBHblX BapH ailTaX , OTAHHaiOIHHXCH ßOAbmeft HAH Meilbiuefl CAO*HOCTbIO H no- 3B0AHK3UIHX BbmyCKaTb MOÄH(J)HKaUHH ABHraTeAefl c pa3AHHHoft CTeneHbio cjiop- CHpOBKH. n p H STOM CAeAyeT HMeTb B BH- Ay, HTO TOÄbKO ABe (pHC. 1 H 2) H3 paC- CMOTpeHHbix cxeM HauiAH npHMeHeHHe b MaccoBOM npoH3BOACTBe, T o rA a KaK OCTaAbHbie CXeMbl OTHOCHTCH K 3BT0M0ßH- AHM C ITOBbllUeHHblMH AHHaMHHeCKHMH Ka- HecTBaMH, BbinycKaeMbiM b MeHbiunx ko - AHHeCTBaX.

B. B. EEKMAH

HENSCHELBbICOKOKAHECTBEHHblE CTAHKH nO K ynA IO TC H no-

CJIE T IU ATEJ lbH O rO H C nb lTAH H H HAAE )KHOCTH H nPO H 3BO ÄH TEJlbH O CTH. M E TA AAO O E PAE ATb lB AK )- IUHE CTAHKH XEHUIEAH H 3rO TO B AH K )TC H A A H PAU.H- OHAJIbHOTO n P O H 3B O Ä C TB A . OHH rA PA H TH Py iO T BbICOKOE KAHECTBO n P O A y K U H H n P H BOJIblHOH nPOH3B OÄHTEJIbHOCTH.

9J1EKTPHHECKHE H rHAPAB- JIHHECKHE CTAHÄAPTHblE y3JlbI A AH CTAHKOB.

XEHlUEJlb HOCTABAHET: C n E U H A J lbH b lE CTAHKH A A H

O BPABOTKH METAJ1J1A C OTAE- A E H H E M CTPy>KKH, C nOJiyAB- TOM ATHMECKOH H AB TO M ATH - HECKOH CHCTEMOH y n P A B A E - HHH, nEP4>OPHPOBAHHOH JIEH- TOH H A P V r H M H CHCTEMAMH y n P A B A E H H H .

AB TO M A TH H E C K H E JIHHHH C TAHKOB Ä A H O BPABOTKH ME- TAJ1AA C O T A E A E H H E M CTPy>K- KH H A A H ABTOM ATHHECKOTO M O H T A Ä A .

3yBOAOJIBE>KHbIE CTAHKH AO MOAVAH 7 h AHAM ETPA U1EC- TEPHH AO 450 MM.

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n o ÄEJIAHHK) 3AKA3HHKA BCE CTAHKH H3rOTOBAHK)TCH C ABTOMATHHECKOH nOAAHEH 3ATOTOBOK.

TPE B yH TE TEXH H H EC KyK ) HH4>OPMAU,HK) BO BHEIU- HE-TOPTOBblX OBTjEAHHEHHHX H AH O E PA IA A H TE C b HA 3 A B O A X E H U IE Ab B KACCEAE.

HEN5CHEL-WERKEAktiengesellschaft

KasselBundesrepublik Deutschland


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moscHi nen ppbrik peltzbr&6hl6rsInh. Friedrich-Karl Kodi, Krefeld, Bogenstrasse 46-62 . Telex: 0853874, Telegr.: Peltzerehlers, Krefeld

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