coaching the female athlete
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Coaching the Female AthleteStefanie A. Latham, Ph.D. Follow me @stefanielatham [email protected]://www.linkedin.com/pub/stefanie-latham/44/899/65
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No they are not just like the boys!
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There is a difference!
• Coaching Education has not kept up with advancements in women’s athletics
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Percentage of Women's Teams Coached by Females
58% 54%47% 46% 44% 42% 39%
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%
100.0%
1972 1978 1984 1990 2000 2002 2005 2010Acosta & Carpenter, 2002
90% PLUS
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High School Athletic Participation
2,806,9983,046,997
3,666,9173,960,517 3,879,214
294,015
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1971 2001-02 2009-2011
2010 National Federation of State High School Associations
GirlsBoys
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Back to is there a difference…
• Not many coaching books or research articles in academic journals on gender differences in athletes
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Differences
• Initial thoughts are we are just like them, we can do anything they can do…….
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Can they (we)?
• Maybe, but we just do it differently• Different ways to success…
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Quote from dissertation data
• You know how girls can hate their female coach, but they probably wouldn't ever hate their guy coach like they would their girl coach? He could be as rude as hell and we'll be like, "it's just his personality", but if it’s a girl coach we're like, "Oh she has something against me or she hates me"…Like male coaches can be really rude and mean and we can get over it, but when female coaches are that way, you pretty much just think they are assholes, and you can’t get over that… My AAU coach [who she said was male] was kind of like my high school coach was, like I described earlier, but everyone still thought he was a good coach. But my female high school coach who had the same personality, no one thought she was a good coach. They both knew the game really well and knew the skills and stuff and they both had kind of the same personality, but my guy coach was still thought of as being a good coach, I guess we just didn't take his crap so personally. (Michelle)
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Physical differences from previous literature
• Women are:– Are shorter– Are lighter– Have more fatty tissue– Have less muscle mass– Have less hemoglobin– Have lower blood volume– Have small stroke (heart) volume
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My recent follow up study
• N= 40 so far….not published, work in progress
• Qualitative interviews
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Key Findings
–Males participate to compete and for status
–Females participate to compete and have fun
–Mentioned having fun a lot, males didn’t
–Females prefer male coaches (consistent w/precious literature), + feedback & reinforcement
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Based on my research, coach them this way…
• Have a positive coaching style• Expect and appreciate constructive
feedback
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How to coach them
• Tell them when they do something right• Yelling at them doesn’t usually work…
there is a continuum though• Constant negative feedback will cause
them to tune you out!
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Feedback
• Ask them questions…. • Know their expectations early• Ask them what motivates them• Ask how they want to be coached
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Feedback
• Use post season surveys on your effectiveness to coach them/team
• Use captains/team leaders
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Using video tape as feedback
• Know they are very critical of themselves
• They know what they did wrong• Only successful when used to point out
positives or team results• Show them examples of excellent
performances
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Encourage
• Praise them (notice them)• Convince them of what they CAN do• Sell them on themselves• Be the salesperson that helps them
perform up to their potential
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Sandwich really works
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Let them have a SAY
• Ask their opinion • Use their Feedback!!
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Pressure Situations
• Don’t individualize pressure• Put the pressure on the team not the
individual• If she fails she let herself down, the
coach, the team…and she's devastated• Others think you are showing
favoritism
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Competition
• Are males more competitive?• Discuss
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Competition
• No, The focus is on different things• Males view competition as an ego
enhancer, see it in terms of W/L
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Competition
• Females value effort, friendship, the teamwork, individual improvement and mutual gain
• Pitting them against teammates might not work…discuss separating personal feelings for teammates from competition
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Practice
• They need to socialize before practice• Let them talk and do social warm up
drills• Allow them to gossip during warm-up,
stretching, setting up• Don’t take it that they aren’t focused
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Practice
• Explain what you expect from them today
• Have incentives to inspire working hard and being competitive
• They like and need competitive drills – don’t spend countless hours in skills practice
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Chart Results
• Verbally appreciate all roles• Post performance charts that grade
effort, grades, heart, desire, honor roll, nails and glue, not individual stats
• Discuss individual stats privately• Post team stats
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Teach them to Forget• They blame themselves and get down
on themselves• Coach should help raise self-esteem
and get her to forgive herself for poor performance
• Coach should tell them why they are pulled from a game, or why they aren't getting PT
• Help them forget the negative by focusing on what is + (or even past + results)
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Coaching Practices Summary
• Create external sources of fun (away from your sport)
• Create a fun family environment – use
t-shirts, slogans, traditions, cheers
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Summary
• Have days of non-traditional practice• Create a democratic atmosphere• Allow them to chat before
practice/games• Explain your expectations
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Summary
• Don’t be moody – no egg shells• Create competitive atmosphere• If you think they aren’t being
competitive ask them why?
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Summary
• Ask they questions?• Ask for their input• Provide external rewards (that are
internally related)
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Summary
• Chart the performance of the team
• Privatize individual stats/performance results
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Summary
• Tell them what they can do• Give corrective feedback• Tell them why they aren't playing
and what they need to do to play more
• Tell them what they did Right