Co-Project ManagersTom Hall, Eisenberg, Olivieri & AssociatesEisenberg, Olivieri & AssociatesTom Grovhoug, Larry Walker Associates, Larry Walker Associates

SubcontractorsPacific EcoRisk withPacific EcoRisk withFrontier GeoscienceFrontier Geoscience

San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Bridge

Copper and Nickel ImpairmentAssessment

Regional Monitoring Program Annual Meeting

March 22, 2002

Objectives

• Collect data to improve our understanding of aquatic toxicity of copper and ambient levels of copper and nickel in San Francisco Bay North of the Dumbarton Bridge

• Develop information to help make decisions regarding the 2002 303(d) listing of copper and nickel in the Bay

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton

Funding AgenciesMunicipal Dischargers City of BeniciaBurlingame Wastewater Treatment PlantCentral Contra Costa Sanitation DistrictCentral Marin Sanitation AgencyDelta Diablo Sanitation DistrictEast Bay Dischargers AuthorityEast Bay Municipal Utility DistrictFairfield-Suisun Sewer DistrictLas Gallinas Valley Sanitation DistrictMillbrae Waste Water Treatment PlantNapa Sanitation DistrictNovato Sanitation DistrictCity of PetalumaSan Francisco International AirportCity and County of San FranciscoCity of South San Francisco/San BrunoSan MateoSausalito/Marin County Sanitation DistrictSewerage Agency of Southern MarinSouth Bayside System AuthorityMarin County Sanitary District #5, TiburonUnion Sanitary DistrictVallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District

Industrial DischargersC&H Sugar

Rhodia Inc.

USS Posco

Ultramar

Dow Chemical

Equilon

Stormwater ProgramsAlameda County Clean Water Program

Contra Costa County Clean Water Program

Fairfield Suisun Urban Runoff Management Program

Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program

San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program

Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District

Project Guidance

Coordinating CommitteeRWQCB

BACWA

Industrial Dischargers

Stormwater

Environmental Advocacy Groups

EPA

DFG

Copper Development Association

SFEI

South Bay Liaison

Technical Review Committee 

TOXICOLOGIST David Hansen (Hydroqual) GEOCHEMIST Jim Kuwabara (USGS) HYDRODYNAMICIST Stephen Monismith (Stanford) ECOLOGIST – PHYTOPLANKTON Brian Palenik (UCSD Scripps)

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton

Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select Central Bay Monitoring Stations

RMP Data 1993-1998

BA40 Redwood Creek

93 94 95 96 97 98

Dis

solv

ed C

oppe

r (u

g/l)

0

1

2

3

4

5

BB30 Oyster Point

93 94 95 96 97 98

BC10 Yerba Buena Island

93 94 95 96 97 98

CTR Limit (3.1 ug/l)

BC60 Red Rock

93 94 95 96 97 98

WinterSpring Summer

BB15 San Bruno Shoal

93 94 95 96 97 98 99

EOA, Inc 6-2-00

Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select North Bay Monitoring Stations

RMP Data 1993-1998

BD20 San Pablo Bay

93 94 95 96 97 98

BG20 Sacramento River

93 94 95 96 97 98

BD15 Petaluma River

93 94 95 96 97 98

Dis

solv

ed C

opp

er (

ug/l)

0

1

2

3

4

5

BF20 Grizzly Bay

93 94 95 96 97 98

BF10 Pacheco Creek

93 94 95 96 97 98

CTR Limit (3.1 ug/l)

WinterSpring Summer

EOA, Inc 6-2-00

Study Highlights

• Extension of City of San Jose’s work in development of WERs for San Francisco Bay

• Toxicity Tests for copper using the bivalve Mytilus edulis

• Analytical Chemistry measuring for copper, nickel, and conventional water quality parameters

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton

DumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbarton Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge

0 2.5

Miles

5

LGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSD

CMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSA

NovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovato

EBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDA

EBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUD

HaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarsh

CCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSD

Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito MarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarin

BeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBenicia

VSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCD

VSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDWet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet

WeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeather

PetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetaluma

SonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonoma Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley

County County County County County County County County CountyFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSD

BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15

BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40

BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30

BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20

BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10

BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10

BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20

BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15

NBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSU

GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorp

Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow

USS USS USS USS USS USS USS USS USS PoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPosco

ToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoTosco Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon

Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5

PinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinole

ChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevron

CCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSD No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5

C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco RodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeo

Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.

LCB01

LCB02

SPB01SPB02

SPB03

San MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan Mateo

SBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSA

SFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSE

DDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSD

West County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County Agency

Legend

Sample locations at existing RMPmonitoring stations

Sample locations on transects

Wastewater treatmentplant discharge

Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton

Sample Sites

Site Code

Site Description

BD15 Petaluma River BD20 San Pablo Bay

SPB01 Shallow transect SPB02 Shallow transect SPB03 Shallow transect BF20 Grizzly Bay BF10 Pacheco Creek

BC10 Yerba Buena

Island BB30 Oyster Point BB15 San Bruno BA40 Redwood Creek

LCB01 Shallow transect LCB02 Shallow transect

Four Sampling Events

• September 5/7, 2000; dry season; glassy water conditions on Bay

• February 13/15, 2001; wet season; turbid conditions on Bay

• April 22/24, 2001; wet season; scheduled to coincide with stratified conditions

• June 13/19, 2001; dry season; windy summer conditions

Total Copper

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

Total Copper (ug/L)

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

BD15 Event 2 data

Dissolved Copper

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

Diss. Copper (ug/L)

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

Dissolved Cu Criterion (3.1 ug/L)

BD15 Event 2 Value 21.6

Total Nickel

0

5

10

15

20

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

(ug/L)

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

BD15 Event 2 data point is 47.6 ug/L

Dissolved Nickel

0

5

10

15

20

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

(ug/L)

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

Dissolved Ni Criterion (8.2 ug/L)

Dissolved Cu WERs (Central Bay)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10

WER

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

Redwood Creek San BrunoL. Central Bay

(midpoint)L. Central Bay (nearshore)

Oyster Point Yerba Buena Island

Oyster Point

Dissolved Cu WERs (North Bay)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

WER

Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4

San Pablo Bay Betw een BD15 and BD20

Petaluma River E. San Pablo Bay (midpoint)

E. San Pablo Bay(nearshore)

Pacheco Creek (Event 4 under investigation)

Grizzly Bay (Event 4 under investigation)

Water Quality Objective x WER = Site-Specific Objective

For Example:

3.1 ug/l x 2.67 = 8.3 ug/l

A Water Effects Ratio (WER) is the ratio of toxicity of a given pollutant in laboratory water to toxicity in site water. If the value of the WER exceeds 1.0, the site water reduces the toxic effects of the pollutant being tested.

4611131313N =

Sampling Events

All excluding BD15Event 4Event 3Event 2Event 1

Dis

solve

d C

u W

ER

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

.5

0.0

13

15

16

7

1

13

9

Dissolved Copper SSOs and Ambient ConcentrationsCentral Bay

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10

Sampling Stations

ug

/L

North Bay

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

Sampling Stations

ug

/L

Event 1 SSO Event 1 Diss.Cu. Event 2 SSO Event 2 Diss.Cu. Event 3 SSO Event 3 Diss.Cu. Event 4 SSO Event 4 Diss.Cu.

Ratio of Ambient Concentrations to Dissolved Copper SSOsCentral Bay

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10

Sampling StationsNorth Bay

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20

Sampling Stations

Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4

Next Steps

• Copper / Nickel Action Plans (BACWA)– POTWs and Storm Water Programs– RMP Ambient Monitoring– Triggers & Follow-up Actions– Reasonable Baseline Source Control

Measures

• Metals Translators (BACWA)• Site Specific Objective(s)• Basin Plan Amendment

Bay Bridge

Richmond Bridge

N

North Bay

Central Bay

Petaluma River Grizzly BaySPB03

SPB02SPB01

Pacheco Creek

Yerba Buena

Oyster Point

San Bruno

LCB01

LCB02

Redwood Creek

Event 1, Event 2, Event 3, Event 4

Site

Shallow Water Sites (<4m)

LEGEND:

Sampling Stations

(deep and shallow)

San Pablo Bay

Dumbarton Bridge

San Mateo Bridge

Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values

• EC50 values for site water significantly greater than EC50 for lab water

• WER values are significantly greater than 1.0

• Therefore, national copper chronic criterion (3.1 ug/l) overestimates copper toxicity in SF Bay waters

Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values Using ANOVA

• No significant difference between shallow and deep stations

• Significant difference between Event 2 and other 3 events

• Significant difference between pooled values north and south of Bay Bridge

Statistical Methods for WER Value Analysis

• Kolmogorov-Smironov Test for normality (distribution normally distributed)

• Repeated measures ANOVA

• Significance threshold set at 95th % confidence level (p=0.05)

• Paired t-tests

 

 

 

 

 

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4

ALL

Mean with 95% confidence limits

Mean WERs with 95% Confidence Intervalsa.

DF t-Value P-value Mean WER 95% Lower

CL 95% Upper

CL

Event 1 12 12.258 <0.0001 2.25 2.03 2.47

Event 2 12 9.349 <0.0001 3.56 2.97 4.16

Event 3 12 12.302 <0.0001 2.58 2.30 2.86

Event 4 10 9.929 <0.0001 2.24 1.96 2.51

b.

Shallow 26 14.412 <0.0001 2.70 2.32 3.09

Deep 22 21.318 <0.0001 2.64 2.38 2.90

c.

Total 49 14.530 <0.0001 2.67 2.44 2.90

Summary Statistics

San Mateo Dm Br N Dm Br S Coyote Cr

number 7 20 20 20

minimum 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.5

maximum 2.4 3.9 4.5 4.8

a. mean 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.6

g. mean 2.1 2.7 2.8 3.5

std. deviation 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8

Summary Statistics

Central Bay North Bay All All but BD15Shallow (<4m)

Deep (>4m)

number 24 26 50 46 39 11

minimum 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4

maximum 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 3.5

a. mean 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8

g. mean 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8

std. deviation 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.4

N. Dumbarton Dissolved Copper WER

San Jose Dissolved Copper WER

North & Central San Francisco Bay

1

10

100

1 10 100

Measured EC50 (ug Cu/L)

Pred

icte

d EC

50 (u

g C

u/L)

Series1Series2Series3

BLM Application to Mytilus edulis

BLM Over Predicts Toxicity

BLM Under Predicts Toxicity

Round 4 -GC Central,GC North, BA40, BB15, LCB01, LCB02, BB30, BC10, BF10, BF20 deleted

Event 2

Event 3

Event 4