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01
International Manganese Institute
IMnIStatistics 2018
03Content
Introduction
Committee Members
Statistics Report
Market Research at the IMnI
Silico-manganese (SiMn)
Objectives of theIMnI Statistics Committee
High-Carbon Ferromanganese(HC FeMn)
Refined Ferromanganese(Ref FeMn)
Manganese Ore
Manganese Metal
Manganese Dioxide
05
07
10
12
14
16
18
20
International Manganese Institute
Introduction
05
Market Research at the IMnI
IMnI provides the most comprehensive and accurate manga-nese industry market research available.
Circulated on a monthly basis, IMnI’s reports examine both pro-duction and consumption, and the balance between the two, looking at the industry from both sides of the supply demand equation. The primary objective of these reports is to offer an analysis of the immediate past, which can provide the basis for Members to develop a greater understanding of their business.
The IMnI Executive Director, Aloys d’Harambure, examines manganese ore and alloy consumption as they relate to the steel industry with the application of an industry model. This systematic approach provides increased accuracy to better understand and anticipate changes in the industry. A detailed analysis of IMnI data is also published on a monthly basis.
IMnI also issues monthly trade matrices for Mn Ore, Alloys, EMM and EMD, a steel production report, and publishes a list of current manganese producers and future manganese projects.
All IMnI data is available via the IMnI websitewww.manganese.org
This data is reserved for IMnI Members, but non-members can buy our reports by contacting Aloys d’Harambure, IMnI Execu-tive Director, at [email protected]
Objectives of the IMnI Statistics Committee
• Represent IMnI Members in their expectations regarding mar-ket research and statistics• Identify best market research report formats and practices• Standardize units of measure for reporting metrics• Support the IMnI Executive Director by validating estimates of production and demand for some countries.
StatisticsCommitteeMembers
07
Guillermo Recio Committee Chairman
Autlán
Antonio SalinasFerroglobe
Colin Ouwehand OM Holdings Ltd
Carel Malan Tshipi é Ntle Manganese
Mining (Pty) Ltd
Jay ChoAsia Minerals
Toshiaki AbeJapan Ferroalloy
Association
Juan Bosco ÁlvarezAutlán
Andreas SchüsslerL&M Rohstoffhandels
GmbH
Leslie LieSouth32
Aloys d´HarambureIMnI
Thembelani GantshoKudamane ManganeseResources (Pty). Ltd
Jian ZhouIMnI
Martin LevcikOFZ, a.s.
Arnaud VigierEramet Comilog
Manganese
09
Statistics Report
Global production of silico-manganese continued increasing for the second consecutive year in 2017, reaching a record high at 13.8 million mt, although crude steel production remained stable from 2016 around 1.72 billion mt. Silico-manganese smelters increased output by 1.3 million mt (or 10.5%), with almost half of this extra production coming from China (+595,000 mt). Smelters in Malaysia also increased production in 2017 (+210,000 mt), and in India production expanded by 15% or 255,000 mt.
Silico-manganese (SiMn)
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2000
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 4502011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
SiMn Production 2011-2017
SiMn production (LHS)Steel production (RHS)
10 94411 238
12 50213 819
12 11212 935
11 504
14 000
13 500
13 000
12 500
12 000
11 500
11 000
10 500
10 000
9 5002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
SiMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
ProductionDemand
(In M
illion
mt)
11
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2000
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 4502011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
SiMn Production 2011-2017
SiMn production (LHS)Steel production (RHS)
10 94411 238
12 50213 819
12 11212 935
11 504
14 000
13 500
13 000
12 500
12 000
11 500
11 000
10 500
10 000
9 5002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
SiMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
ProductionDemand
(In M
illion
mt)
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 SiMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 SiMn Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Rest of the World
PolandSouth Korea
Taiwan
RussiaItaly
Netherlands
GermanyTurkey
JapanUnited States
Source: TDM. IMnl
Rest of the world 7%
Brazil 1%
South Africa 1%
South Korea 1%
Georgia 2%
Malaysia 2%
Norway 2%
Russia 2%
Ukraine 6%
India 14%
China 62%
China 62%
ROW7%
India 14%
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 SiMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 SiMn Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Rest of the World
PolandSouth Korea
Taiwan
RussiaItaly
Netherlands
GermanyTurkey
JapanUnited States
Source: TDM. IMnl
Rest of the world 7%
Brazil 1%
South Africa 1%
South Korea 1%
Georgia 2%
Malaysia 2%
Norway 2%
Russia 2%
Ukraine 6%
India 14%
China 62%
China 62%
ROW7%
India 14%
In 2017, high-carbon ferro-manganese production rebounded to 4.2 million mt, 16% higher than 3.6 million mt produced in 2016. Of this additional 568,000 mt output in 2017, 89% came from Asia: China (+273,000 mt) and Malaysia (+206,000 mt), in spite of contracting production in Japan (-36,000 mt).
High-carbon Ferromanganese (HC FeMn)
5 0004 5004 0003 500
3 0002 5002 0001 5001 0005 000
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 450
4 435
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(In M
illion
mt)
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
HC FeMn Production 2011-2017
HC FeMn production (LHS)
4 2833 611
4 1794 430 4 371
3 816
4 600
4 400
4 200
4 000
3 800
3 600
3 400
3 200
3 0002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
HC FeMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
ProductionDemand
Steel production (RHS)
13
5 0004 5004 0003 500
3 0002 5002 0001 5001 0005 000
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 450
4 435
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(In M
illion
mt)
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
HC FeMn Production 2011-2017
HC FeMn production (LHS)
4 2833 611
4 1794 430 4 371
3 816
4 600
4 400
4 200
4 000
3 800
3 600
3 400
3 200
3 0002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
HC FeMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
ProductionDemand
Steel production (RHS)
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 HC FeMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 HC FeMn Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
500 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Rest of the World
FranceItaly
Turkey
IndiaIran
Japan
TaiwanGermany
NetherlandsUnited States
Source: TDM. IMnl
China 37%ROW 12%
India 12%Japan8%
Rest of the world 12%
Norway 3%
Australia 3%
Russia 4%
South Africa 4%
Ukraine 4%
Malaysia 6%
South Korea 7%
Japan 8%
India 12%
China 37%
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 HC FeMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 HC FeMn Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
500 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Rest of the World
FranceItaly
Turkey
IndiaIran
Japan
TaiwanGermany
NetherlandsUnited States
Source: TDM. IMnl
China 37%ROW 12%
India 12%Japan8%
Rest of the world 12%
Norway 3%
Australia 3%
Russia 4%
South Africa 4%
Ukraine 4%
Malaysia 6%
South Korea 7%
Japan 8%
India 12%
China 37%
Global refined ferro-manganese supply increased by around 23% or 300,000 mt in 2017 from the previous year, reaching 1.6 million mt. Extra supply mostly came from China (+123,000 mt) and South Korea (+85,000 mt).
Refined Ferromanganese (Ref FeMn)
ProductionDemand
2 0001 8001 6001 400
1 2001 0008 006 004 002 00
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 450
1 581
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(In M
illion
mt)
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
Ref FeMn Production 2011-2017
Ref FeMn production (LHS)Steel production (RHS)
1 757
1 310
1 6101 834
1 6571 493
2 000 1 8001 6001 4001 2001 000
800600400200
0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
Ref FeMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
15
ProductionDemand
2 0001 8001 6001 400
1 2001 0008 006 004 002 00
0
1 800
1 750
1 700
1 650
1 600
1 550
1 500
1 450
1 581
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(In M
illion
mt)
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: Worldsteel, IMnl
Ref FeMn Production 2011-2017
Ref FeMn production (LHS)Steel production (RHS)
1 757
1 310
1 6101 834
1 6571 493
2 000 1 8001 6001 4001 2001 000
800600400200
0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00mt
)
Source: IMnl
Ref FeMn Production and Demand 2011-2017
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 Ref FeMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 Ref FeMn Producing Countries in 2017
200 40 60 80 100 120 140
Rest of the World
BrazilItaly
Poland
TurkeyIran
Canada
IndiaGermany
NetherlandsUnited States
Source: TDM, IMnl
South Africa 5%
Japan 8%
South Korea 13%
Norway 17%
China 43%China 43%South Korea
13%
Japan8%
Norway17%
Rest of the world 3%
Mexico 3%
Spain 1%
Brazil 2%
India 2%
United States 3%
(in ´000mt)
Top 10 Ref FeMn Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 Ref FeMn Producing Countries in 2017
200 40 60 80 100 120 140
Rest of the World
BrazilItaly
Poland
TurkeyIran
Canada
IndiaGermany
NetherlandsUnited States
Source: TDM, IMnl
South Africa 5%
Japan 8%
South Korea 13%
Norway 17%
China 43%China 43%South Korea
13%
Japan8%
Norway17%
Rest of the world 3%
Mexico 3%
Spain 1%
Brazil 2%
India 2%
United States 3%
After 2 years of decline, the world’s output of manganese ore increased in 2017 on rising demand from manganese alloy smelters. It reached 18.6 million mt (Mn contained), up by 23% from 2016, which was marked by widespread production cuts due to low prices. The excess supply accumulated since 2013 along the supply chain has been consumed in 2015 and 2016, and prices have increased steadily in 2017. 68% of the extra production in 2017 came from South Africa, with the rest being shared between Australia, Gabon, Ghana, while output in the CIS and in China dropped.
Manganese ore
ProductionDemand
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
17 081
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00 m
t Mn
cont
ained
)
Source: IMnl
Mn Ore Production 2011-2017
16 987
15 13818 642
18 736 19 306
16 263
21 000
19 000
17 000
15 000
13 000
11 000
9 000
7 000
5 000
3 0002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: IMnl
2011-2017Mn Ore Production and Demand
(in ´0
00 m
t Mn
cont
ained
)
17
ProductionDemand
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
17 081
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in ´0
00 m
t Mn
cont
ained
)
Source: IMnl
Mn Ore Production 2011-2017
16 987
15 13818 642
18 736 19 306
16 263
21 000
19 000
17 000
15 000
13 000
11 000
9 000
7 000
5 000
3 0002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: IMnl
2011-2017Mn Ore Production and Demand
(in ´0
00 m
t Mn
cont
ained
)
(in ´000 wet mt)
Top 10 Mn Ore Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 Mn Ore Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 20 000
Rest of the World
FranceSpain
Japan
MalaysiaRussia
Norway
South KoreaUkraine
IndiaChina
Source: TDM, IMnl
Brazil 6%
China 9%
Gabon 12%
Australia 15%
South Africa 36%
South Africa36%
Brazil 6%
China 9%
Gabon 12% Australia 15%
Rest of the world 6%
Kazakhstan 1%
Malaysia 3%
Ukraine 4%
India 4%
Ghana 4%
(in ´000 wet mt)
Top 10 Mn Ore Importing Countries in 2017
Top 10 Mn Ore Producing Countries in 2017(source: IMnl)
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 20 000
Rest of the World
FranceSpain
Japan
MalaysiaRussia
Norway
South KoreaUkraine
IndiaChina
Source: TDM, IMnl
Brazil 6%
China 9%
Gabon 12%
Australia 15%
South Africa 36%
South Africa36%
Brazil 6%
China 9%
Gabon 12% Australia 15%
Rest of the world 6%
Kazakhstan 1%
Malaysia 3%
Ukraine 4%
India 4%
Ghana 4%
Manganese metal production increased by 37% YoY to 1.74 million mt in 2017, with most of this extra output coming from China, where Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese ramped up output last year. China’s EMM production increased by 38% in 2017 to 1.7 million mt, while manganese metal production in the rest of the world expanded by 3% to 42,000 mt.
Manganese Metal
*Manganese metal produced at Privat's plant Zaporozhye in Ukraine is aluminothermic manganese metal, not electrolytic.
ChinaROW (RSA, Ukraine*, Gabon)
1 800 000
1 600 000
1 400 000
1 200 000
1 000 000
800 000
600 000
400 000
200 000
02011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
(in m
t )
Source: IMnl
*Manganese metal produced at Privat's plant Zaporozhye in Ukraine is aluminothermic manganese metal, not electrolytic
Manganese Metal Production in China vs the rest of the World 2011-2017
19
Top 10 EMM Importing Countries in 2017
0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 100 000 120 000
Rest of the World
BrazilTaiwan
Australia
United StatesGermany
India
RussiaJapan
NetherlandsSouth Korea
Source: TDM, IMnl
Global production of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) increased in 2017 to almost 400,000 mt according to data collected by the International Manganese Institute from CIT-IC Dameng, Tosoh and other producers. This 4% YoY increase was only due to China (+7% YoY), while EMD production in the rest of the world contracted by 2% compared to 2016. Looking at the different grades, global production of Lithium Manga-nese Oxiode (LMO) grade EMD increased by 47% from 2016, while Alkaline & other (Li-primary) grade EMD production saw a more moderated growth (+3%). Finally, Carbon-zinc (C-Zn) grade EMD production contracted by 7% in 2017 compared to 2016.
Manganese Dioxide
EMD Production in 2017 (in mt)
Lithium Manganese
Oxiode (LMO) grade production
Alkaline & other
(Li-primary) grade
production
Carbon-zinc (C-Zn)
grade production
Total Production
Total Capacity
Capacity Utilisation
ratio
China 40 076 143 073 85 810 268 959 328 700 82%
Rest of the World 2 000 125 000 2 000 129 000 149 000 87%
Total 42 076 268 073 87 810 397 959 477 700 83%
21
Top 10 EMD Importing Countries in 2017
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000
Rest of the World
MalaysiaIndia
United States
ThailandSingapore
Australia
GermanyNamibia
IndonesiaBelgium
Source: TDM, IMnl
Global EMD Production by Grade in 2017(source: Citic Dameng, Tosoh, IMnl)
Lithium Manganese Oxiode (LMO) grade production 11%
Alkaline & other (Li-primary) grade production 67%
Carbon-zinc (C-Zn)grade production 22%
Li-primary67%
C-Zn 22%
LMO11%
Top 10 EMD Importing Countries in 2017
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000
Rest of the World
MalaysiaIndia
United States
ThailandSingapore
Australia
GermanyNamibia
IndonesiaBelgium
Source: TDM, IMnl
Global EMD Production by Grade in 2017(source: Citic Dameng, Tosoh, IMnl)
Lithium Manganese Oxiode (LMO) grade production 11%
Alkaline & other (Li-primary) grade production 67%
Carbon-zinc (C-Zn)grade production 22%
Li-primary67%
C-Zn 22%
LMO11%
International Manganese Institute