CM2502 E-Business

Mobile Services

Mobile Services

Desktop restrictions

Mobile technologies

Bluetooth

WAP

Summary

Desktop restrictions

Internet opens up access to millions of sites

Browser can walk down virtual high street

Massive opportunities for opening new markets through e-business

BUT Internet access through a fixed device (PC)

Mobility and access

If we can access the internet without using fixed devices; information can be provided in many

environments information can be more currente-business market could be extended

further

How do we mobilise the internet?

Bluetooth

short range, wireless link

allows ad-hoc connections between; mobile phone portable computer printer mouse headset

low power radio, 10-100m range max

2.4 GHz licence-free, frequency-hopping to avoid interference

Bluetooth

Packet Data Infrastructure

Internet

Applications: VoIP, browsing, multimedia

Addresses connectivity and convenience issues for wireless data

Cellular (GPRS,

3G)

Bluetooth

Wireless Application Protocol

addresses issues higher up the protocol stack

data links on wireless networks are lower than wired networks radio spectrum (bandwidth) limited

internet applications not designed with wireless links in mind

wireless links less reliable

Wireless Application Protocol cont.

wireless devices limited in power (batteries)

compromised features; small keypad/keyboard small display limited data storage

standard IP cannot be used with mobile devices efficiently - in some cases not possible at all (800 x 600 page on a mobile in true colour)

WAP

Packet Data Infrastructure

WAP Gateway

Internet

WAP IP

Applications: Banking, e-business, weather, news

Cellular (GPRS, SMS)

Provides translation

between WAP and IP

Bluetooth technology

access to LAN

cellular network

mobile phone

printer

laptop

laptop

mouse

2.4 GHz Licence-free

Low Tx power, low cost, battery operation

symmetric and assymetric connections

1600 frequency hops per second

* replaces proprietary cables that connect devices together *

Establishing a connection

two units within range can set up a connection (piconet)

share a channel

unit that initiates connection is masterother unit assumes role of slave

any unit can be a master or a slave

can only be one master in a piconet

Establishing a connection cont.

before connection, each unit in standby scanning frequencies every 1.28 secs keeps power demands low

after initiation, full duty cycle implemented

communicates using 2.4 GHz wavelength global compatibility

two bands available; 23 channels and 79 channels selected by software depending on geography

Bluetooth Applications

automatic synchronisation of email, calendar, telephone book, smartcard data

3-in-1 phone home cordless phone - when in proximity of home

base unit business cordless phone - use internal network conventional cellular phone

cordless headset

mobile computer conferencing

automatic tolling - quite controversial!

WAP Technology

Massive growth in Internet usage

Rapid growth in mobile voice/data services

Everyone has a mobile!

Data transfer rates limited

Key featureslicence-free standard of adapting internet technology to meet wireless constraints

Wireless Markup Language (WML) for authoring

optimised protocol stack based on HTTP and TCP

usable over a broad range of cellular data bearers

ArchitectureHTML

JavaScript

HTTP

TLS SSL

TCP/IP

UDP/IP

Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)

Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

Wireless Diagram Protocol (WDP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Bearers: SMS, GPRS, 3G etc.

WML used here

Internet Model

Web Server

Client

Web Browser

IP Stack

CGI scripts etc.

HTML, JavaScript

The Internet

HTTP Request (URL)

HTTP Response (HTML)

Internet Protocols

WAP Model

The Internet

CGI scripts etc.

WML, JavaScript

Client WAP Gateway

Web Server

Wireless Network

Encode/decode

WAP user agents

WAP Protocol

stack

Protocol conversion

WSP Request (URL)

HTTP Request (URL)

WSP Response

(WML) HTTP Response

(WML)

WAP Protocol Internet Protocol

What’s so special about WAP?

WML is binary encoded so compact over airwaves

Extensive use of caching during sessions to minimise traffic

Handles data requests asynchronously avoids waiting for responses before handling next user

request

Designed to hold ‘long’ sessions session resumed at last point if radio link fails WTP only sends broken packets of data TCP always sends entire message again

Wireless device issuesSmall display - WML structures docs in ‘decks’ and ‘cards’card represents a single unit of interaction

with userdeck is a service, represented by a

collection of cardswell suited to small displays

Limited input - WML requires minimal keyboard functionality

Wireless device issues cont.

Limited memory and CPUWML is primarily text-based and requires a

low hardware overhead

Limited battery powerWAP transmissions minimised over air

SummaryE-business currently utilises desktop technology

Massive potential to open new mobile markets

Bluetooth enables easy device connectivity, widening access to internet based services

WAP is a protocol designed to address the limitations of wireless devices