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Clutches and Bands

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Page 1: Clutches and Bands
Page 2: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

OBJECTIVES

After studying Chapter 4, the reader should be able to:1. Describe the power flow through a planetary

gearset.2. Identify the components of a multiple-disc clutch

and describe how it operates.3. Identify a one-way clutch and describe how it

operates.4. Identify a band and servo and describe how they

operate.

Page 3: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

INTRODUCTION

• There are several paths for power to flow through an automatic transmission, and each path provides a different gear ratio.

• These power paths are controlled by the driving and reaction devices, also called driving and reaction members.

• The driving devices connect the turbine shaft from the torque converter to a member of the planetary gear train.

• The reaction devices connect a member of the gear train to the transmission case.

Page 4: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 4-1 The 4L60 (THM 700) has one band, five multiple-disc clutches, and two one-way clutches to control the power flow. The reverse input, overrun, forward, and 3–4 clutches along with the forward sprag clutch are driving members. The 2–4 band, low roller clutch, and low-reverse clutch are reaction members.

Page 5: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

DRIVING DEVICES

• The driving devices provide the input to the gearset. • The turbine shaft is normally built as part of or

splined to one or more of the driving devices. • Driving devices are usually multiple-plate disc

clutches. • In most cases, they will be at the front of the

transmission, just behind the pump.

Page 6: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

DRIVING DEVICES

• An example of this involves the two clutches in front of a Simpson gear train transmission.– Chrysler Corporation calls the first clutch the front

clutch;– Ford Motor Company calls it a high-reverse clutch;– General Motors Corporation and Toyota call it a direct

clutch;– Toyota uses the term direct clutch but more commonly

calls it C2.• Synchronizing Shifts

– Synchronous– Nonsynchronous

Page 7: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

• The parts of a clutch assembly are: the drum, hub, lined plates, unlined plates, pressure plate, apply piston, and piston return springs.

• The drum, also called a housing, has splines inside its outer edge for the externally lugged plates, usually the unlined plates.

• The inner diameter of the drum is machined for the apply piston and its inner and outer seals.

Page 8: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-2 A sectioned view (a) and exploded view (b) of a multiple-disc clutch. Note the piston to apply the clutch and the spring(s) to release it. (b is courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 9: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-3 A 4L60 input clutch assembly has three separate clutch packs:202 is the overrun clutch; 607 is the forward clutch; and 228 is the 3–4 clutch. The input sprag assembly is at the bottom left. (Courtesy of Slauson Transmission Parts,www.slauson.com)

Page 10: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-4 The apply piston is released (left) by the coil springs. Fluid pressure moves the piston to apply the clutch (right).

Page 11: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-5 Clutch piston return springs can be a single large spring (a), a group of small springs (b), or a single Belleville spring (c). (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 12: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

• Clutch Plates– Double- and Single-Sided Friction Plates

• Clutch Operation• Wet Friction

– Open Pack Drag

Page 13: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-6 Any fluid left in the apply chamber of a spinning clutch will be pushed outward by centrifugal force. This force can cause the fluid to push on the piston and partially apply a clutch.

FIGURE 4-7 A close-up view of the surface finish on a steel plate. Note the small nicks and grooves that tend to hold fluid.

Page 14: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-8 Friction plates often have a groove pattern to help wipe fluid away, dissipate heat, eliminate clutch noise, and change friction qualities during apply and release. A smooth plate is the coolest and slowest to apply; the waffle plate will apply the fastest, but it will have less heat removed by the oil. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 15: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-9 This friction plate has directional grooves. The lugs (center inset) are assymmetrical, so the plate cannot be installed incorrectly. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 16: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-10 A microscopic view of the surface of paper friction plate lining. Friction material is formed on the lined plate to establish a crosslinked matrix. Note the large cavities between the paper fibers that can store relatively large amounts of fluid. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 17: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-11 In this clutch assembly, clutch stack clearance is adjusted using either the large or small flange (backing plate). Other clutches may use a selective snap ring. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 18: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-12 The ZPAK is a single-sided clutch design (a). Both sides of the two different plates show a lined and unlined side (b). The clutch pack requires proper placement of the end plates (c). (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 19: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-13 When this transmission is in first gear, the sun gear and unlined plates of the front clutch rotate counterclockwise while the hub and lined plates of this clutch rotate clockwise. Any drag will produce heat that can cause clutch burnout.

Page 20: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-14 If you push against a stationary book, you will notice the static friction that resists motion. Pushing against the same book while it is sliding is easier because the dynamic friction is somewhat less.

Page 21: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-15 A comparison of the dynamic and static coefficients of friction with motor oil and three types of ATF. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 22: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-16 The clutch apply curves of five different clutches. The dynamic friction is the rate of torque increase, whereas the static friction is the amount of torque at the left. (Courtesy of AFM)

Page 23: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-17 The four slots in this steel plate, called a turbulator plate, promote a fluid layer on each side of the stationary plate. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 24: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

• Two styles of one-way clutches are used in automatic transmissions: – Roller clutches– Sprag clutches

• Mechanical Diode• Clutch Operation

Page 25: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-18 This overrunning clutch assembly is a roller clutch with the clutch cam secured to the transmission case (a). It uses a set of springloaded rollers in the retainer (b). (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 26: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-19 If this inner race tries to turn counterclockwise, the rollers will wedge at the narrow part of the cams and lock the clutch. Movement of the inner race in a clockwise direction will move the rollers to the wide part of the cams, where they will roll freely. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 27: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-20 Each sprag has a major and minor diameter. The major diameter is greater than the distance between the two races (right); the minor diameter is smaller (left). (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 28: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-21 A mechanical diode. The struts can move out of the pocket plate to engage the notch plate, and this will lock the pocket plate. The pocket plate can overrun in the opposite direction.

Page 29: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY DRIVING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-22 This clutch hub and sprag clutch should rotate freely in a clockwise direction but should lock up in the opposite direction. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 30: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

HOLDING/REACTION DEVICES

• A holding member acts as a brake to hold a planetary gearset member in reaction.

• Three types of holding devices are used:– Multiple-disc clutches– Bands– One-way clutches

Page 31: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC HOLDING CLUTCHES

• A multiple-disc holding clutch is quite similar to a driving clutch.

• The difference is the transmission case is the drum, and the clutch plates splined to it do not rotate.

• Some manufacturers call these clutches a brake. • The lugs on the outside of the unlined plates fit into

slots built into the case.

Page 32: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC HOLDING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-23 The 41TE transaxle low/reverse clutch is a holding clutch. Note the splines in the case for the clutch plates. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 33: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

MULTIPLE-DISC HOLDING CLUTCHES

FIGURE 4-24 The plates of the O/D brake are splined to the transaxle O/D case. The first and reverse brake and the second brake are multiple-disc clutches that are splined to the transaxle case. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 34: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ONE-WAY HOLDING CLUTCHES

• One-way clutches are commonly used as reaction devices.

• The outer race is often secured directly to the transmission case so it cannot rotate.

Page 35: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

• A band is a circular strip of metal that has lining bonded to the inner surface.

• It wraps around the smooth surface of a drum.• There are three types:

– Single thick, heavy band– Single thin, light band– Split, double-wrap, heavy band

Page 36: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-25 A flex band (a) and a rigid band (b). Note the flex band has circumferential grooves for improved conformity, fluid flow, and performance. Note that this is a double-wrap rigid band. Single-wrap rigid bands are also used. (Courtesy of Raybestos)

Page 37: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-26 This band uses an adjustable anchor that allows the clearance to be easily adjusted. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 38: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-27 A band is normally anchored at the trailing end so its rotation will pull the band tighter. Note that this servo is applied by fluid pressure and released by a spring. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 39: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-28 Fluid pressure acting on the piston forces the piston and piston rod inward to apply the band. The band is released by the outer spring pushing outward on the piston. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 40: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-29 This band apply lever increases servo force by about two and a half times. The apply speed will be decreased the same amount because the servo must travel a greater distance. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corporation)

Page 41: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-30 Air pressure can be used to apply the band while the length of the piston stroke is measured. Piston stroke is used to determine the correct piston rod and adjust band clearance. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 42: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

• Band Operation– When fluid pressure enters the servo, the servo piston

strokes to tighten the band around the drum. – The amount of torque that a band can absorb before

slipping is determined by the band-to-drum contact area, type of band, drum diameter, fluid type, and the force squeezing the band onto the drum.

Page 43: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

BANDS

FIGURE 4-31 This band is applied when 1–2 shift valve pressure pushes upward on the servo piston. It will release when 2–3 shift valve pressure pushes the piston downward. Note the larger area above the piston.

Page 44: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

SHIFT QUALITY

• As a power shift occurs, there must be a smooth transition from one apply device to the next.

• The smoothness of the shift is referred to as shift quality or shift feel.

Page 45: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

SHIFT QUALITY

FIGURE 4-32 In second gear, the sun gear and front clutch drum are held stationary by the band (a). In third gear, the clutch is applied so drum and sun gear are rotating at engine speed (b). The driver feels this change as shift quality. (Courtesy of Nissan North America, Inc.)

Page 46: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

SHIFT QUALITY

FIGURE 4-33 Two cushion plates: the Belleville plate has a coned shape. The wave plate has a wavy shape. Both of them will flatten slightly as the clutch is applied.

Page 47: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

SHIFT QUALITY

• Shifts Involving One-Way Clutches

• Deceleration with One-Way Clutches

FIGURE 4-34 This one-way clutch allows the shaft to overrun in a clockwise direction. (Courtesy of Toyota Motor Sales USA, Inc.)

Page 48: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

SUMMARY

1. The power flow through a gearset is controlled by driving and reaction devices.

2. The driving and reaction devices are multiple-disc clutches, one-way clutches, and bands.

3. Multiple-disc clutches are the primary driving devices and are also used to hold planetary members in reaction.

4. One-way clutches primarily are used to hold planetary members in reaction, but can be used with a multipledisc clutch to be a driving device.

5. Bands are used to hold a planetary member in reaction.6. The timing of the apply and release of the apply devices

has a direct effect on shift quality.

Page 49: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. The power flow through an automatic transmission is controlled by the _________ and _________ devices.

2. The most common driving member is the _________ _________ _________; a(n) _________ _________ is also used as a driving member.

3. List the seven major parts of a clutch assembly.4. Usually the lined plates of a driving multiple-disc clutch are

splined to the clutch _________, and the unlined plates are splined to the clutch _________.

5. List the four types of return springs used in a multiple-disc clutch are.

Page 50: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

REVIEW QUESTIONS

6. Piston travel or clutch plate clearance can be adjusted by replacing the _________ or _________.

7. The multiple-disc clutch torque capacity can be increased by increasing the _________ area, number of _________, _________ size, or by increasing the _________ pressure.

8. Shift quality is a term used to describe the _________ of a shift.

9. The two types of one-way clutches used in an automatic transmission are the _________ and _________.

10.One-way clutches _________ when turned in one direction and _________ when rotated in the other direction.

Page 51: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

REVIEW QUESTIONS

11.One-way clutches can be used as a _________ or a _________ apply device.

12.List the three types of apply devices that can be used to hold a planetary member.

13.A one-way clutch that is holding is referred to as being _________.

14.A multiple-disc clutch that is used in reaction has the steel plates splined to the _________.

15.Bands are applied by _________ pressure and released by _________ or _________ pressure.

Page 52: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

REVIEW QUESTIONS

16. A _________ shift sequence is a shift where the apply and release of the apply devices must be carefully timed.

17. A shift sequence that does not need to be timed is known as a _________ or _________ shift.

18. One-way clutches are only used in the _________ gear ranges.

19. The disadvantage of one-way clutches is that they do not provide _________ on deceleration.

20. Manual gear ranges use an additional _________ or _________ to provide more holding power when pulling a heavy load.

Page 53: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

1. Student A says that in order for a planetary gearset to change the ratio and transmit torque, there must be an input and a reaction member. Student B says that the turbine shaft is the primary input to the transmission. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 54: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

1. Student A says that in order for a planetary gearset to change the ratio and transmit torque, there must be an input and a reaction member. Student B says that the turbine shaft is the primary input to the transmission. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 55: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

2. Student A says that neutral in a planetary gearset can be obtained by releasing all of the driving clutches. Student B says that neutral in a planetary gearset can be obtained by not applying any reaction members. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 56: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

2. Student A says that neutral in a planetary gearset can be obtained by releasing all of the driving clutches. Student B says that neutral in a planetary gearset can be obtained by not applying any reaction members. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 57: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

3. The apply device that is most commonly used as a driving member is aa) cone clutch.b) multiple-disc clutch.c) one-way clutch.d) band.

Page 58: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

3. The apply device that is most commonly used as a driving member is aa) cone clutch.b) multiple-disc clutch.c) one-way clutch.d) band.

Page 59: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

4. Student A says that some of the plates used in a multiple-disc clutch are lined with paper friction material. Student B says that some of the plates used in a multiple-disc clutch are unlined steel plates. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 60: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

4. Student A says that some of the plates used in a multiple-disc clutch are lined with paper friction material. Student B says that some of the plates used in a multiple-disc clutch are unlined steel plates. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 61: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

5. The ideal unlined steel plates _________.a) are perfectly flatb) have many very small nicks in their surfacec) are not extremely smoothd) All of these

Page 62: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

5. The ideal unlined steel plates _________.a) are perfectly flatb) have many very small nicks in their surfacec) are not extremely smoothd) All of these

Page 63: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

6. The most common material that the friction plate lining is made from is _________.a) Paperb) Asbestosc) inorganic fibersd) Any of these

Page 64: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

6. The most common material that the friction plate lining is made from is _________.a) Paperb) Asbestosc) inorganic fibersd) Any of these

Page 65: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

7. A multiple-disc clutch is applied by _________.a) one or more coil springsb) a piston and air pressurec) hydraulic pressure pushing against a pistond) None of these

Page 66: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

7. A multiple-disc clutch is applied by _________.a) one or more coil springsb) a piston and air pressurec) hydraulic pressure pushing against a pistond) None of these

Page 67: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

8. The grooves in the surface of a lined clutch plate _________.a) help cool the friction materialb) allow oil to flow between the plates more easilyc) are cut using different patterns depending on the clutchd) All of these

Page 68: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

8. The grooves in the surface of a lined clutch plate _________.a) help cool the friction materialb) allow oil to flow between the plates more easilyc) are cut using different patterns depending on the clutchd) All of these

Page 69: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

9. The torque-carrying capacity of a clutch is determined by the _________.a) number of platesb) amount of lining area on the platesc) amount of pressure squeezing the plates togetherd) All of these

Page 70: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

9. The torque-carrying capacity of a clutch is determined by the _________.a) number of platesb) amount of lining area on the platesc) amount of pressure squeezing the plates togetherd) All of these

Page 71: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

10.Commonly used holding or reaction members are _________.a) Bandsb) one-way clutchesc) multiple-disc clutchesd) All of these

Page 72: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

10.Commonly used holding or reaction members are _________.a) Bandsb) one-way clutchesc) multiple-disc clutchesd) All of these

Page 73: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

11.Student A says that a band is applied by a hydraulic servo and released by a spring or hydraulic pressure. Student B says that a clutch is applied by hydraulic pressure and released by a spring or hydraulic pressure. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 74: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

11.Student A says that a band is applied by a hydraulic servo and released by a spring or hydraulic pressure. Student B says that a clutch is applied by hydraulic pressure and released by a spring or hydraulic pressure. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 75: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

12.When a multiple-disc clutch is used as a holding member, the lugs of the unlined plates are splined into _________.a) a very large drumb) the reaction carrierc) the transmission cased) the output shaft

Page 76: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

12.When a multiple-disc clutch is used as a holding member, the lugs of the unlined plates are splined into _________.a) a very large drumb) the reaction carrierc) the transmission cased) the output shaft

Page 77: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

13.The strongest of the band designs is the _________.a) single wrapb) heavy bandc) double wrapd) flexible

Page 78: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

13.The strongest of the band designs is the _________.a) single wrapb) heavy bandc) double wrapd) flexible

Page 79: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

14.Band clearance can be adjusted using a _________.a) threaded adjuster at the band anchorb) threaded adjuster at the servo leverc) selective sized servo piston rodd) Any of these, depending on the transmission

Page 80: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

14.Band clearance can be adjusted using a _________.a) threaded adjuster at the band anchorb) threaded adjuster at the servo leverc) selective sized servo piston rodd) Any of these, depending on the transmission

Page 81: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

15.Student A says that the inner and outer races of a sprag clutch are perfectly round and smooth. Student B says that one of the races of a roller clutch is perfectly round and smooth while the other one has a series of ramps in it. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 82: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

15.Student A says that the inner and outer races of a sprag clutch are perfectly round and smooth. Student B says that one of the races of a roller clutch is perfectly round and smooth while the other one has a series of ramps in it. Who is correct?a) Student Ab) Student Bc) Both A and Bd) Neither A nor B

Page 83: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

16.When a sprag clutch locks, the sprags _________.a) try to rotate but wedge between the two racesb) roll down the ramps and wedge into placec) rotate into a position that unlocks themd) rotate with the free or rotating race

Page 84: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

16.When a sprag clutch locks, the sprags _________.a) try to rotate but wedge between the two racesb) roll down the ramps and wedge into placec) rotate into a position that unlocks themd) rotate with the free or rotating race

Page 85: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

17.When a roller clutch unlocks, the rollers _________.a) are wedged between the two racesb) rotate between the two races like a series of bearing

rollersc) rotate to a position where they allow both inner and

outer races to rotated) None of these

Page 86: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

17.When a roller clutch unlocks, the rollers _________.a) are wedged between the two racesb) rotate between the two races like a series of bearing

rollersc) rotate to a position where they allow both inner and

outer races to rotated) None of these

Page 87: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

18.A one-way clutch in a reverse direction _________.a) is applied by hydraulic pressureb) is released by a group of springsc) self-applies whenever one of the races tries to rotate in a

reverse directiond) Any of these

Page 88: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

18.A one-way clutch in a reverse direction _________.a) is applied by hydraulic pressureb) is released by a group of springsc) self-applies whenever one of the races tries to rotate in a

reverse directiond) Any of these

Page 89: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

19.The term used to describe when the apply devices do not need to be timed when shifting gears is _________.a) shift feelb) Asynchronousc) shift qualityd) All of these

Page 90: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

19.The term used to describe when the apply devices do not need to be timed when shifting gears is _________.a) shift feelb) Asynchronousc) shift qualityd) All of these

Page 91: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

20.The term used to describe the condition when the engine is used to slow the vehicle is _________.a) compression brakingb) compression gearc) low geard) forced braking

Page 92: Clutches and Bands

Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth EditionBy Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood

© 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

CHAPTER QUIZ

20.The term used to describe the condition when the engine is used to slow the vehicle is _________.a) compression brakingb) compression gearc) low geard) forced braking