cloud computing - stanford university...2009/04/15 · 1 cloud computing orran krieger senior staff...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cloud Computing
Orran KriegerSenior Staff Engineer, VMware, Inc.Lead Kvetcher VMware Cloud teamAdjunct Professor CMU
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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Outline
• Background on VMware• Cloud computing today• What should it be• The vCloud initiative• Research ideas
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Evolution of VirtualizationPHYSICAL
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Evolution of VirtualizationVIRTUALIZEDPHYSICAL
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HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW
HW HWHW
HW
HWHW
Evolution of VirtualizationVIRTUALIZEDPHYSICAL POOLED
Logical Resource Pooling (RP)Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
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HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW
HW HWHW
HW
HWHW
Evolution of VirtualizationPOOLED
RP1
RP2
Logical Resource Pooling (RP)Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
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HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW HW HW HW
HW HW
HW HWHW
HW
HWHW
Evolution of VirtualizationPOOLED
RP1
RP2
Logical Resource Pooling (RP)Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
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Power Savings with DPM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Wat
ts
• 5 hour VMmark run• 110 VMs, 4 server cluster
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Power Savings with DPM
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Wat
ts
No DPM
• 5 hour VMmark run• 110 VMs, 4 server cluster
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Power Savings with DPM
50% Savings during VMmark
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Wat
ts
No DPM
With DPM
• 5 hour VMmark run• 110 VMs, 4 server cluster
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Distributed Virtual Switch
distribution
core
access
hosts
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Distributed Virtual Switch
• Network-centric view: virtualization blurs the host/network boundarydistribution
core
access
hosts
VMs
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Distributed Virtual Switch
• Network-centric view: virtualization blurs the host/network boundary
• Virtual network switches and topologies within a host
• VMs can move anywhere • The virtual network switch is
a new access layer.
distribution
core
access
hosts
VMs
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Distributed Virtual Switch
• Network-centric view: virtualization blurs the host/network boundary
• Virtual network switches and topologies within a host
• VMs can move anywhere • The virtual network switch is
a new access layer. • Network administrators can
no longer rely on physical port-based access control
distribution
core
access
hosts
VMs
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Distributed Virtual Switch
• Network-centric view: virtualization blurs the host/network boundary
• Virtual network switches and topologies within a host
• VMs can move anywhere • The virtual network switch is
a new access layer. • Network administrators can
no longer rely on physical port-based access control
distribution
core
access
Distributed virtual switch to extend network access control and management to virtual environments
hosts
VMsDistributed Virtual Switch
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Availability
Hot-plug resources
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Availability
Hot-plug resources
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Availability
Hot-plug resources Add/remove capacity on demandImprove application availability
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Availability
Hot-plug resources Add/remove capacity on demandImprove application availability
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Production Recovery
Site Recovery Manager transforms disaster recovery
VMware InfrastructureVMware Infrastructure
Site Recovery Manager
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Production Recovery
Site Recovery Manager transforms disaster recovery
VMware InfrastructureVMware Infrastructure
Site Recovery Manager
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Application
Operating SystemProtection
Engine
VMware Infrastructure
Security: VMware VMsafeAPI that enables protection of VMs by inspection of virtual components in conjunction with hypervisor Isolation of protection engine from malwareBroad ranging coverage of virtual machine CPU, memory, storage
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vApp: A new type of Software
• Properties• Policy-based operations• Multi-tier• Distributed as an OVF
package
• Built by:• ISVs / Virtual Appliance
Vendors• By internal IT shops• By IT administrators• SI/VARs
SAP
TomcatFireWall
Policies1. Product: eCommerce2. Topology3. Resources Req: CPU, Mem,
Disk,Bandwidth4. Only port 80 is used5. DR RPO: 1 hour6. VRM: Encrypt w/ SHA-17. Decommission in 2 month
WebsphereExchange
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Desktops
VMwareInfrastructure 3
CentralizedVirtual DesktopsVirtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
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Desktops
VMware VirtualDesktop Manager
VMwareInfrastructure 3
Thick or ThinClients
CentralizedVirtual DesktopsVirtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
• Full desktops run as VMs in the data center • Connect securely to desktop from anywhere• Centralized management• More efficient resource usage• Higher availability• Online and offline mode
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Evolution of Virtualization
CapacityOn Demand
Hypervisor
Management
VirtualInfrastructure
AutomateSeparate Consolidate Aggregate
Self-Managing Datacenter
Server Consolidation
Test and Development
Cloud ScaleComputing
Hypervisor Hypervisor
Management
Hypervisor
Management
VirtualInfrastructure
Automation
Liberate
CapEx Savings
OpEx Savings Business Agility
Hypervisor
Management
VirtualInfrastructure
Automation
No Physical Boundaries
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The cloud started with SaaS/Web
Develop Test Release Install Configure Operate
Develop Test Operate
Traditional software model
SaaS model
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The reality: success is very hard
Test OperateDevelop
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The reality: success is very hard
• Most SW companies don’t have the in-house skill to operate at scale: • e.g. loadbalancer, network config, security, disaster recovery, …&
70% of investment spent not enhancing application
Test OperateDevelop
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The reality: success is very hard
• Most SW companies don’t have the in-house skill to operate at scale: • e.g. loadbalancer, network config, security, disaster recovery, …&
70% of investment spent not enhancing application
Test OperateDevelop
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The reality: success is very hard
• Most SW companies don’t have the in-house skill to operate at scale: • e.g. loadbalancer, network config, security, disaster recovery, …&
70% of investment spent not enhancing application• Enormous investment required in application level to
scale.
Test OperateDevelop
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The reality: success is very hard
• Most SW companies don’t have the in-house skill to operate at scale: • e.g. loadbalancer, network config, security, disaster recovery, …&
70% of investment spent not enhancing application• Enormous investment required in application level to
scale.
Test OperateDevelop
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The reality: success is very hard
• Most SW companies don’t have the in-house skill to operate at scale: • e.g. loadbalancer, network config, security, disaster recovery, …&
70% of investment spent not enhancing application• Enormous investment required in application level to
scale.• So, successful SaaS vendors started building re-usable
platforms…
Test OperateDevelop
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Cloud offerings• Software as a Service (SaaS):
• Application hosted in the cloud.• e.g., gmail, google apps, salesforce.com, wikipedia…
• Platform as a Service (PaaS): • Application development environment and runtime hosted
in cloud. • e.g., engine yard, Google App Engine, Force.com
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): • Developers/administrators obtain general computing,
storage, messaging services…• e.g., terramark, Amazon AWS, Mosso
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Example Amazon IaaS
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Example
• Animoto April 2008: Peak EC2 instances: • Mon 50, Tues 400, Wed 900, Friday 3400
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The problems with this evolution• Vertical offered by a single vendor
• Just a few hundred/thousand developers enhancing offering• No on-premise offering for enterprise/university/SaaS vendor• Who wants to trust a single company?
• Limited largely to web applications:• Limited support legacy, HPC, hosted client, grid,
• Disintermediates OEMs, infrastructure vendors, traditional management stacks… (VARs for SaaS)
• Ignores the key value in the virtualization needed for general purpose workloads: over provisioning, SRM, DRS, DPM, OVF, SVI …
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Disclaimer…
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Disclaimer…
• At this point, there is the mandatory… okay there is a lot of hype here, but…
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Disclaimer…
• At this point, there is the mandatory… okay there is a lot of hype here, but…
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Disclaimer…
• At this point, there is the mandatory… okay there is a lot of hype here, but…
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Disclaimer…
• At this point, there is the mandatory… okay there is a lot of hype here, but…
• The transformation is more profound that is yet understood, cloud done right will:• be used for all applications, • change how we deploy and develop applications, • enable new OSes, new programming models, new servers,
new storage solutions• enable new markets for computer services• …, in other words, its gonna change everything
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What do we really want
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What do we really want
Original vision of Utility/grid computing:
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What do we really want
Original vision of Utility/grid computing: ”If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the
future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.”
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What do we really want
Original vision of Utility/grid computing: ”If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the
future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.”
John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961
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What do we really want
Original vision of Utility/grid computing: ”If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the
future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.”
John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961
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What do we really want
Original vision of Utility/grid computing: ”If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the
future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.”
John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961
Virtualization converts computation into a fungible commodity
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Why would this be transformative
• Nicholas Carr: • “As with the factory-owned generators that dominated
electricity production a century ago, today's private IT plants will be supplanted by large-scale, centralized utilities.”
• Gets rid of key impediments to innovation:• Virtual appliance model for distributing installing
applications.• Avoids need for broad HCL, OS support, …• Availability of massive capacity on demand.
• Enables long-tail in SW
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VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
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VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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21
VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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21
VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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21
VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
VI Client
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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21
VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Self-service UI VI Client
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Self-service UI VI Client
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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VMware’s vCloud initiative• Provide SW so that anyone can easily
create cloud: e.g., SP, University, Enterprise• Supports all applications• Controlled programmatically:
• From VMs, from capacity owner, from portal• OVF based API
• Can scale up to massive data centers.• Can scale down to small department.• Can be accessed from VI Client• New end user interface provide simple self
service experience.• Enable broad partner and research
collaboration:• Researchers can replace any part of the service.• Researchers can replace the entire implementation
and clone the API
vCloud Software
vCloud API
Self-service UI VI Client
Alternative Implementation
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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Key abstractions vCloud
Organization 1
vApp
VDC 1
“bar”(isolated)
vApp
VDC 2
“VDCnet”
“VDCnet” (fenced)
ND
Mapped as network adapters into installation
“foo”
“Private”
“Public”
ND
• Organization with users/roles
• Cloud to admin on his own terms:• data centers• L2 networks• Persistent VMs• SLA on vApp• overprovisioning• ...
• OVF based REST API:• multi-tiered applications• serialized using OVF• configuration via OVF
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Key abstractions vCloud UI & API
Organization 1
vApp
VDC 1
“bar”(isolated)
vApp
VDC 2
“VDCnet”
“VDCnet” (fenced)
ND“foo”
“Private”
“Public”
ND
Same color means same network
Organization 2
vApp
VDC 1
“bar”(isolated)
vApp
VDC 2
“VDCnet”
“VDCnet” (fenced)
ND“foo”
“Private”
“Public”
ND
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It should be easy, VMware already has• Rich service provider, OEM, ISV partner
ecosystem• API for controlling virtualization that has
become a defacto standard• Ability to deal with large numbers of hosts as a
pool of resources• Support for backup, DR, resource management,
power management, …• Rich community of users• Rich user interface loved by administrators• …
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Not so fast…• Problems with our existing technology:
• Core abstractions exposed physical as well as virtual• Scaling up to 10000 hosts & 100K VMs fundamentally different• Security more of a issue in multi-tenancy environment
• Challenges with our approach:• Need to scale down• Need to enable partner ecosystem:
• No one circumscribed approach.• Need to release SW to others to install, configure…• Need to enable others to innovate.
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Difference between small & large scale
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Scale up versus down• Large scale service: Service Oriented Architecture
• Each service totally independent with own DB, own set of machines… all communication through interface:
• Advantages• Fails independently & can identify failures• Own reliability based on requirements of data• Can evolve services independently• Can scale them independently
• Small scale: shrink wrapped software• Single general purpose piece of software• Advantages:
• Minimize overhead• Simplified installation
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Modular designLarge Scale
Modularity also enables extensibility
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Modular designLarge Scale Small Scale
Modularity also enables extensibility
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Modular designSmall Scale
Modularity also enables extensibility
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Key TechnologiesREST API : HTTP based resource oriented interface; All the characteristics of the WWW• Extensible without breaking client.• Client only has to know about what it cares about.• Can route, proxy, cache
Spring: Standard component framework • Injects dependencies and wires together Spring beans• Forces programmer into maintainable design pattern; isolates dependencies
OSGI: Standard dynamic module framework• Global registry of interfaces to instances• Dynamically load, unload, start, stop bundle
Other technology• JMS publish/subscribe messaging bus isolates end points• Hibernate simplifies DB code & DB independence
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Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
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Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
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30
Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
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Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
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Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
SecurityMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
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30
Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
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30
Architecture/Implementation
vCloud OSGIMgmtCell
Self Service UI
VMRCvCloud Client
Substrate Mgmt
Substrate
BillingUser/
AccountMgmt
vCloud API client
Message BusModel DB Inventory DB
Transfer
Loadbalancer
ESX hosts Running VM storage Offline storage
VC InventoryListener Validator Diff
Networking
VMRCProxy
NetworksrvcNetwork
srvcNetwrksrvc
CatalgImagexfer
NetworkHandler
vCloudApplication
Rest dispatcher
TaskMgr
vRPMgr
Blaze DS
StorageMgr
Cloner
VC Invent
VC Control
IP PoolMgr
AuthntMgr
SchedTasksDirectory
SecurityMgr
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Research directions• New operating systems:
• e.g., for Java, security services, clustering services, HPC/multi-core, ...
• library OS, multi-core, accelerator to OS, sharing• Fungible computing:
• performance, cost to user, cost to SP• Grid/HPC/batch scheduling, e.g., snowflock• Federation:
• long tail for data de-duplication, encryption/security for data, trading floor/futures market, vmotion to user
• What changes when your desktop is in the cloud?• Mom’s sysadmin, Fusion on steroids, disaster recovery...
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Concluding reports
• Cloud computing is going to be transformative to our industry
• VMware building a platform so that anyone can play
• There are a wealth of research opportunities• We will be providing the SW to universities
this year• This is just the start...
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