clostridium tetani
TRANSCRIPT
Clostridium tetani
Prepared by Joevani S. Peñol
• gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, spore-forming rod shape bacterium
• drumstick appearance.
MORPHOLOGY
• Heat resistant spores and usual antiseptics.
• survive autoclaving at 121°C for 10-15 minutes.
• resistant to phenol and other chemical agents.
RESISTANCE
• soil • intestine• feces of livestocks• Manure-treated soil• skin surfaces• contaminated heroin
RESISTANCE
• Organism is sensitive to heat. • Sensitive to oxygen.
SENSITIVITY
Tetanus • acute, often fatal, disease caused by an
exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. • rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal
muscles. • involves the jaw (lockjaw) and neck and thenbecomes generalized.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Enters through the wound.• Spores germinate in the presence of anaerobic
condition.• Tetanospasmin spread in through blood and
lymphatic.• Interferes with release of neurotransmitters,
blocking inhibitor impulses.
PATHOGENESIS
• 3 to 21 days• Neonatal tetanus, symptoms usually appear
from 4 to 14 days after birth
INCUBATION PERIOD
Man Suffering from Tetanus
• LOCAL (Uncommon)• CEPHALIC (Rare)• GENERALIZED (Common)
CLASSES
• persistent contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury.
• Precede the onset of generalized tetanus, but is generally milder.
• 1% of cases are fatal.
LOCAL
• Occurs with otitis media (ear infections) • Head injuries.• Involvement of the cranial nerves,
especially in the facial area.
CEPHALIC
• Trismus • stiffness of the neck and difficulty in
swallowing• rigidity of abdominal muscles.• rise of 2°-4°C above normal temp.• sweating and elevated blood pressure• episodic rapid heart rate• Spasms
GENERALIZED
• Occurs in infant• infection of the unhealed umbilical • estimated >270,000 deaths worldwide per
year.
NEONATAL TETANUS
• Tetanospasmin
VIROLENCE FACTOR
VIROLENCE FACTOR• Mechanism of Action
• Mouse inoculation
DIAGNOSIS
• Medical Management Tetanus immune globulin (TIG)Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)
• Wound Management proper immunization
PREVENTION & CONTROL
• Temporary Immunity
IMMUNITY
IMPACT TO EDUCATION & COMMUNITY