closed crawl spaces & sealed atticsncenergystar.org/sites/ncenergystar.org/files/2006 nc... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Closed Crawl Spaces & Sealed Attics
Applied Building Science TeamShaun HasselBruce Davis
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Understanding the Problems and Solutions
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Session Overview
• Definitions• Group Activity• Facilitated Discussion• Selected AE Research and Case Studies
Resources are at www.crawlspaces.org
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Overview• If someone is going to build a house on a crawl space,
why would they want to close it? Why wouldn’t they want to close it?
• If someone is going to construct a house, why would they want to seal the attic? Why wouldn’t they want to seal the attic?
• If they do decide to utilize one of these approaches, how should they do so?
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What is a ‘Closed’ Crawl Space?NC Code Definition
A foundation without wall vents that uses air sealed walls, ground and foundation moisture
control, and mechanical drying potential to control crawl space moisture. Insulation may be located at the floor level or at the exterior walls.
Why call it “Closed”?Unvented vs. Sealed vs. Conditioned vs. Closed
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What is a ‘Sealed’ Attic?2006 ICC Residential Code
Unvented conditioned attic assemblies are permitted under the following conditions:
1. No interior vapor retarders are installed on the ceiling side (attic floor) of the unvented attic assembly.
2. An air-impermeable insulation is applied in direct contact to the underside/interior of the structural roof deck.
3. In warm humid locations with asphalt roofing shingles: A 1-perm or less vapor retarder is placed to the exterior of the structural roof deck; that is, just above the roof structural sheathing.
4. In Zones 3 through 5 (all of NC), sufficient insulation is installed to maintain the monthly average temperature of the condensing surface above 45°F (7°C). The condensing surface is defined as either the structural roof deck or the interior surface of an air-impermeable insulation applied in direct contact with the underside/interior of the structural roof deck. For calculation purposes, an interior temperature of 68°F (20°C) is assumed. The exterior temperature is assumed to be the monthly average outside temperature.
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Group Activity
Provide: • Reasons to utilize ‘your’ approach• Obstacles to overcome
Break into four groups, each representing an approach: vented crawls, vented attics,
closed crawls, & sealed attics.
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Crawl Space “Owners”
• Builder• Owner• Installer• Code Official• Pest control• Grading/Drainage• Foundation
• Insulation• Plumbing• Electrical &
Mechanical• Gutters• Landscaping• Information
Services
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Attic “Owners”
• Builder• Owner• Installer• Code Official• Framer• Roofer• Drywaller
• Insulation• Plumbing• Electrical &
Mechanical• Gutters• Information
Services
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Ducts: 55-65 F
H2O pipes: 55-65 F
Floor:65-70 F
Framing:70-78 F
85 F60% RH70 F DP
73 F90% RH70 F DP
The Crawl Space Ventilation Myth
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2004 Crawl Space Characterization Study
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2004 Characterization Study• 67% of crawl spaces had WMC > 19%• 22% had wood rot NOT caused by plumbing leaks• 24% had wood rot caused by plumbing leaks• Typical 6” x 12” hole to the house• Stack pressure and HVAC driving forces• Very high bioaerosol levels: Crawl spaces are MADD!
99%100%100%> 70%
72%74%56%> 90%AugJulyJuneCrawl RH
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The Princeville Project
• NETL, 2001-05• Bill Warren, Cyrus Dastur
• Technology Assessment• Characterization Study• Field Demonstration• Hygrothermal Modeling
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Princeville, NC Field Study SitePrinceville, NC Field Study Site
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Phase II: June 2003-June 2004
Wall ventedR-19 Floor
ClosedSealed linerR-19 Floor
ClosedSealed linerR-13 Wall
Wall ventedR-19 Floor
ClosedSealed linerR-19 Floor
ClosedSealed linerR-13 Wall
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Closed Crawl Space Supply Air Duct
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04
Dew
Poi
nt (F
)
Phase II Crawl Space Dew Points
Wall Vented ClosedOutside
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Phase II Crawl Space Relative Humidity
Wall Vented ClosedOutside
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (%
)
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Phase II Average Wood Moisture Content
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
Aug 2003 Oct 2003 Dec 2003 Feb 2004 Apr 2004 Jun 2004
Woo
d M
C (%
)
Vented + R-19 Floor Closed + R-19 Floor Closed + 2'' Foam on Wall
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Seasonal Energy Use and Savings
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jun-Aug '03 Sep-Nov '03 Dec '03-Feb '04 Mar-May '04
Thou
sand
skW
h
Vented + R-19 Floor Closed + R-19 Floor Closed + 2'' Foam on Wall
-18%-15%Annual
Closed with Wall Insulated
Closed with Floor Insulated
Season
-28%-19%Spring
+4%-10%Winter
-10%-5 %Fall
-36%-22 %Summer
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Princeville Study Conclusions
• CCS provides improved moisture control• CCS delivers significant energy savings with
either floor or wall insulation• CCS is feasible to install and maintain• Performance was achieved with designs that
isolate the crawl space from the living space
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Healthy Homes, Healthy Lives• What is the connection between housing, health,
and the construction process?
• High Performance Homes (20) – Closed crawl – Enhanced air filtration– Tight envelope– Properly installed insulation– Minimal duct leakage with outside air ventilation
• Versus Code Built Homes (16)
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Doing the right thing wrong
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Key Design and Installation Issues
• Combustion safety
• Fire safety
• Radon control
• Mold control
• Moisture control
• Pest control
• Drying
• Insulation
• Performance verification
• Worker Safety
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Download AE’s Introduction toClosed Crawl Spaces at:
www.crawlspaces.org
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The ‘Spray Foam’ House
• A ‘typical’ production house in the Southwestern United States – slab, stucco, ceramic tile shingles, ~ 1700 sq. ft, gas heat with A/C
• Spray foam blown in the unvented attic and walls
• EFL house with right sized HVAC unit with minimal duct leakage (< 3%) and fresh air ventilation
• Sensors throughout the attic, exterior walls, and living space
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YTD Hourly Mean Attic Space Conditions
Y Attic T-Stat
45
50
5560
65
70
7580
85
90
Tem
p (*
F)
03/0
1/20
06
04/0
1/20
06
05/0
1/20
06
06/0
1/20
06
07/0
1/20
06
08/0
1/20
06
09/0
1/20
06
10/0
1/20
06
11/0
1/20
06
Date
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YTD Difference Between Attic and T-Stat
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
Atti
c M
inus
T-S
tat
02/1
8/20
06 1
2:00
AM
03/0
4/20
06 1
2:00
AM
03/1
8/20
06 1
2:00
AM
04/0
1/20
06 1
2:00
AM
04/1
5/20
06 1
2:00
AM
04/2
9/20
06 1
2:00
AM
05/1
3/20
06 1
2:00
AM
05/2
7/20
06 1
2:00
AM
06/1
0/20
06 1
2:00
AM
06/2
4/20
06 1
2:00
AM
07/0
8/20
06 1
2:00
AM
07/2
2/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/0
5/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/1
9/20
06 1
2:00
AM
09/0
2/20
06 1
2:00
AM
09/1
6/20
06 1
2:00
AM
09/3
0/20
06 1
2:00
AM
10/1
4/20
06 1
2:00
AM
10/2
8/20
06 1
2:00
AM
Date/Time
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60
70
80
90
Tem
p (°
F)
08/1
5/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/1
6/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/1
7/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/1
8/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/1
9/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/2
0/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/2
1/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/2
2/20
06 1
2:00
AM
08/2
3/20
06 1
2:00
AM
Date/Time
One Week Hourly Temperature Average Attic vs Thermostat
Y Attic T-Stat
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7
8
9
Woo
d M
oist
ure
Con
tent
02/1
8/20
06
03/0
4/20
06
03/1
8/20
06
04/0
1/20
06
04/1
5/20
06
04/2
9/20
06
05/1
3/20
06
05/2
7/20
06
06/1
0/20
06
06/2
4/20
06
07/0
8/20
06
07/2
2/20
06
08/0
5/20
06
08/1
9/20
06
09/0
2/20
06
09/1
6/20
06
09/3
0/20
06
10/1
4/20
06
10/2
8/20
06
Date
Y Bedroom OSB Roof OSB
YTD Daily Wood Moisture Readings for Bedroom vs. Roof Locations
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Tem
p (°
F)
10/1
9/20
06 1
2:00
AM
10/1
9/20
06 1
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 2
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 3
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 4
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 5
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 6
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 7
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 8
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 9
:00A
M
10/1
9/20
06 1
0:00
AM
10/1
9/20
06 1
1:00
AM
10/1
9/20
06 1
2:00
PM
10/1
9/20
06 1
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 2
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 3
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 4
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 5
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 6
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 7
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 8
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 9
:00P
M
10/1
9/20
06 1
0:00
PM
10/1
9/20
06 1
1:00
PM
10/2
0/20
06 1
2:00
AM
Date/Time
Y Outdoor NE Roof OSB NE Roof 1.5'' Below OSBNE Attic Space T-Stat
24-Hour Hourly Mean NE Roof Deck Profile
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‘Sealed’ Attic Case Study
• An unvented attic in the Southeastern United States
• Built on a closed crawl space• Utilized fiberglass insulation in
combination with manual air sealing techniques – caulk guns & cans of spray foam
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Outdoor air at 90o and 70% RH
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There is No Silver Bullet
Product
TrainingDesign
Process
Successful implementation requires: