CLONING :

IS IT A WAY TO THE PARADISE OR TO THE HELL ?

#SCICHALLENGE2017VOLEJNÍK ONDŘEJ

What is cloning?

Embryo cloning

Known as therapeutic cloning

Goal: stem cells to medical purpose

Cloning the organism:

Creating a copy of the existed organism

Eg. Asexual reproduction - so common in plants

DNA cloning :

When DNA is extracted from an organism, all its genes are obtained

In gene cloning, a particular gene (=sequence of DNA) is copied (=cloned)

Cloning DNA

• Step 1 :

• The chosen piece of DNA is

"cut" using restriction enzymes

• Step 2:

• It is pasted into a vector by

ligation (=linking two parts of

DNA to create typical double

helix)

• Step 3:

• Vector is introduced into a host

cell

• Step 4:

• The vector DNA is isolated and

purified

Why Dolly, the sheep is extraordinary?

Dolly

Born: 5 July 1996

Spent her life in Edinburgh

Gave birth to 6 lambs

The fisrt mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell using SCNT

3 mothers :

One provided the egg

Second another DNA i.e. genetic information

Third carried the cloned embryo

SCNT

=somatic cell nuclear tranfer (also called nuclear tranfer)

Somatic cell= two types of reproductive cells

Nuclear= adjective desinging the nucleus of a cell

Transfer= moving an object from one place to another

The principle of SCNT

Embryo cloning :

the last one

We have

passed the definition section! ...

… and now, more entertaining part

Do you know in which fields the

cloning is used?

Just DISCOVER it!

Agriculture

Genetic modified organism (GMO)

Advantages:

Increasing of crop yield

Resistance to pest

More food for starving people

Famine 2017

At least, those

people could be

saved from

starving

Forensic science and

archaeogenetics

Creating a sufficient sample for analysing its DNA

-> we can find out who has committed a crime

-> it helps us to determine the origins of human (Homo sapiens)

Medicine

Cloning animal models of disease

Cloning to make stem cells

New organs

Cure genetic diseases (cystic fibrosis, etc.)

In 2013 : at Oregon Health and Science University, first to creating human

embrionic stem cells

Other uses

Reviving endangered or extinct species

Reproducing a deceased pet

Drug production

Cloning human?

Cloning livestock

Today: possibility to create a lab burger

Tomorrow: cloning agricultural animals to feed people

Possible disadvantages

Lack of information about the impact on health

Danger of misusing

Creating of army

Creating "better" humans

Not ethical

So is the cloning the answer for a

better world?

Definitely YES

if we don't misuse it.

Thank you for reading