clinical trials: easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · clinical trials: easy ways...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 1
Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise
success and minimise pain.
CATO Research Symposium
19 June 2019
![Page 2: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Workshop Content
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 2
• ICTU Introductions
• What are the common pitfalls in clinical
research?
• Discuss examples from 3 ICTU trials
• Concluding remarks
![Page 3: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ICTU Introductions
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 3
• Daphne Babalis, Operations Manager
• Ana Boshoff, Operations Manager
• Jack Elkes, Clinical Trials Statistician
• Marie Miller, PPI Coordinator
• Claire Smith, Operations & Business
Development Manager
![Page 4: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who are we?
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 4
• Imperial Clinical Trials Unit is one
of 46 fully registered UKCRC
CTUs .
• We are interested in supporting
high quality research which
benefits patients.
• We support design, delivery,
analysis and publication of trials
in line with appropriate standards
and regulations.
ICTU
![Page 5: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What support can we offer?
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 5
![Page 6: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What do we support?
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 6
Interventional trials
IMPs – all phases ATIMPs
Surgery Medical Devices
Imaging Behavioural Therapies
Observational studies
Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility studies
Biomarker research
Feasibility trials (likely to lead to a definitive trial)
Trials embedded in Fellowships (usually Post Doc and Senior)
Clinical Audits
Standalone Systematic Reviews (possibly if Evidence Synthesis)
PhD Projects
![Page 7: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What are the biggest pitfalls of Clinical Trials?
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 7
Audience Response:
![Page 8: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Failure to
recruit to
time & target
Complex trial design
Oversight
committees
Visit
schedule
Statistical
assumptions
Align with
Standard
of care
Literature
Randomisation
& blinding
Data
collection
Poor
retention
Performance
monitoring
Deviation
from
protocol
Budget /
resources
Site
selection
Close-out
process
Communication
Stakeholder engagement
Unrealistic eligibility criteria
Detailed protocol
Timelines
No back-
up plan
Set-up
process
Common pitfalls in clinical research
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
![Page 9: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Retention
Communi
cation
Failure to
recruit to
time & target
Unrealistic eligibility criteria
Literature
Align with
Standard
of care
Data
collection
Timelines Poor
retention
Stakeholder engagement
Site
selection
Complex trial design
Oversight
committees
Visit
schedule
Failure to
recruit to time
& target
Statistical
assumptions
Randomisation
& blinding
Performance
monitoring
Deviation
from
protocol
Budget /
resources
Close-out
process
Detailed protocol
No back-
up plan
Set-up
process
Common pitfalls in clinical research
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
![Page 10: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 10
Example One:
Delayed Recruitment
![Page 11: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 1 – Delayed recruitment
• Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
• 3-arm Randomised Controlled Trial
– Standard care procedure
– Modified standard care procedure (streamlined)
– Drug therapy arm
• Sample size 321 patients
• 10 UK sites
• 13-month recruitment period
• 12-month patient follow-up
11
![Page 12: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example 1 – Delayed recruitment
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 12
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
May
Jun
e
July
Au
gust
Septem
ber
Octo
ber
No
vemb
er
Decem
ber
Janu
ary
Febru
ary
March
Ap
ril
May
Jun
e
July
Au
g
Sept
Oct
No
v
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Ap
r
May
Jun
e
July
Au
g
2015 2016 2017
Target Recruitment vs Actual Recruitment
Original cumulative target
Revised cumulative target
Actual recruitment
![Page 13: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example 1 – Recruitment by site (overview)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Site target (cumulative)
Site target (total)
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
![Page 14: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example 1 – Recruitment by site
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Site target (cumulative)
Site target (total)
Site 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Site target (cumulative)
Site target (total)
Site 2
Site 4
High recruiter
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Site target (cumulative)
Site target (total)
Site 3
Site 5
Site 6
Low recruiter
On target
![Page 15: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 1 – Delayed recruitment
• 10 UK sites --> increased to 13 sites
• 13-month recruitment period --> extended to 28 months
• Target recruitment rate 25 pts / month- actual rate 11.5 pts/month
• What would you do differently to avoid this happening again?
– Poor feasibility work
– Unrealistic targets
– Not enough sites / not the best sites
• Lessons
– Planning and feasibility work
– PPI
– Statistical considerations
15
![Page 16: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 16
Example Two:
Over Recruitment
![Page 17: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 17
• Patients with Septic Shock
• 2-arm Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
– Placebo
– Drug therapy
• Sample size 516 patients
• 35 UK sites
• Recruitment period: 18 months
• 24 hour intervention (drug infusion)
• 28 day patient follow-up
Example 2: Over-recruitment
![Page 18: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example 2: Over-recruitment
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 18
Recruitment graph
![Page 19: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example two: Over-recruitment
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 19
Pros:
• adequate time for final monitoring, data cleaning, data lock, statistical analysis, reports and publications
Cons:
• Sites may struggle to manage the sudden high workload of inputting large amounts of data into the database
• More prone to errors in eligibility/consenting checks
• A higher number of errors in data entry
• In some circumstances recruitment had to be halted in order for staff to be re-trained and data to be kept up to date.
• Increase in monitoring activities and extra staff needed.
![Page 20: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example two: Over-recruitment
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 20
• Manage your sites well, have regular contact with them and
provide comprehensive training and support throughout
• Monitor regularly in order to provide a better quality of data.
• Key aspects: Planning and communication!
Creating an excellent relationship with sites meant that they
would call and email with their queries and this in turn led to a
better quality of data being entered.
How to maximise success and minimise pain:
![Page 21: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 21
Example Three:
A Recruitment Roller Coaster
Ride
![Page 22: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 3 – Setting the Scene
• Obese adults with Type 2 Diabetes (at least one year)
• 2-arm open label RCT
– Single use, minimally invasive CE marked device
– Standard Medical Therapy
• Option to consent to mechanistic sub-studies
• Sample size 160 patients (main trial)
• 2 UK hospital sites
• 12-month recruitment period
• 12-month patient follow-up
22
![Page 23: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 19)
Example 3 – Initial Recruitment Strategy
• 75% via Primary Care
• 25% Other Routes:
•DARE (Diabetes Alliance for Research in England)
•Posters and leaflets in GP surgeries and hospital clinic areas
•Newspaper/Web adverts
•Diabetes and Obesity Support groups
•Study websites (and press release)
•Social media websites (Facebook and Twitter)
•Face to face approach during routine clinic visits
•Secondary care (hospital specialist clinics)
23
![Page 24: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example 3: Target vs. Actual Recruitment
24 ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Pa
tien
ts
Months
![Page 25: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example 3: Target vs. Actual recruitment (in context)
25 ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Pa
tien
ts
Months
Substantial
Amendment
Minor
Amendment
2nd site
opens
1st site
opens
Recruitment issues:
• Poor uptake by NWL GPs.
• Poor patient response to
invitation letters sent by GPs
(< 5%)
Set-up delays:
2nd site opened 6
months late
![Page 26: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 3 – Meeting with funder
The funder requests a ‘Monitoring Visit’ to discuss
the future of the project.
What options are on the table?
26
![Page 27: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 3 – Meeting with funder
• Option 1: Stick to original recruitment timelines
and hope for the best
• Option 2: an extension to the recruitment period
in order to complete recruitment within a fixed
(realistic) time period.
• Option 3: shut the trial
27
![Page 28: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Example 3: Recruitment Option 1
28 ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Pa
tien
ts
Months
![Page 29: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Example 3: Recruitment Option 2
29 ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Pa
tien
ts
Months
![Page 30: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 3 – Meeting with funder
Which option did the funder agree to?
30
![Page 31: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Example 3: Variation on Recruitment Option 2
31 ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Pa
tien
ts
Months
Recruit at least 35 patients by
end Dec 2015 then a 6 month
extension will be considered.
![Page 32: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019)
Example 3 – Final recruitment outcome
Did the research team achieve their
recruitment target?
32
![Page 33: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Example 3 – Final recruitment outcome
33
Pa
tie
nts
Months
•ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 19)
1 1 8
5
6
11
15
10
14
10
13
9
11
16
13
20 7
Recruited 47pts by
31-Dec-15 so 6M
extension agreed
with funder.
![Page 34: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Example 3 – Final recruitment outcome
34
Pa
tie
nts
Months
•ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 19)
1 1 8
5
6
11
15
10
14
10
13
9
11
16
13
20 7
Recruited 103 patients
by end of 6 month
extension period.
Funder agreed
that recruitment
should continue
![Page 35: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Example 3 – Final recruitment outcome
35
Pa
tie
nts
Months
•ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 19)
1 1 8
5
6
11
15
10
14
10
13
9
11
16
13
20 7
Recruitment
completed
11 months later
than planned.
![Page 36: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Example 3: Which methods were most successful?
36
NHS Site 1
(London) NHS Site 2
PATIENTS INTERESTED 1210 601
Source of Patient:
GP
Newspaper Adverts
Study Website
DARE
Other / Unknown
Other Bariatric and Diabetes Clinics
Diabetes UK
Other Research / Science Museum
Poster
Tele Screen Outpatients (Site 1)
Local Radio Interview (Site 2)
Social Media (Facebook or Twitter)
Friend
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 19)
1004
335
![Page 37: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Exercise 3: Lessons Learned
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 37
• Allow sufficient time to complete feasibility
• Don’t underestimate how long it takes to set up sites
• Have a recruitment plan A, B, C …
• Don’t assume the same recruitment approach will work for all sites
• Consider running recruitment approaches in parallel. Don’t wait until
one fails in order to try something else.
• Act quickly if something is not working
• Secure sufficient funds for recruitment
• Don’t forget that PPI advice is useful throughout the life cycle of a
project
![Page 38: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Concluding remarks
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 38
Ways to maximise success and minimise pain:
• Good communication with Stakeholders
• Seek expert advice
• Set realistic timelines & targets
• Robust Feasibility
• Don’t underestimate the Power of PPI
![Page 39: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Patient and Public Involvement
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 39
Come and visit our stall – marquee on Queen’s
Lawn Sat 29th & Sun 30th
Experience public involvement
14 projects from across Imperial
PPI Training
Interactive training for researchers and patients/members of the
public
Dates for next training season to be scheduled by the end of June
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/patient-experience-research-
centre/ppi/ppi-training/
![Page 40: Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and ... · 6/19/2019 · Clinical Trials: Easy ways to maximise success and minimise pain. CATO Research Symposium ... statistical](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060402/5f0e5d157e708231d43ee260/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ICTU Workshop (CATO 19 06 2019) 40
Thank you for participating.
For more information about ICTU
please visit our website:
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/clinical-trials-unit/