clinical features of edema
DESCRIPTION
for more presentations http://medicalpresentation.blogspot.in/TRANSCRIPT
CLINICAL FEATURES OF EDEMA
GENERALISED EDEMA-ANASARCA
Fluid accumulation in tissues and body fluids
•Cardiac failure•Renal disease•Liver disease •Hypoproteinemia
•Pericardial effusion
•Constrictive pericarditis
•Myxedema•Idiopathic•Epidemic dropsy•Drugs
CARDIAC EDEMA
• Right sided heart failure-systemic congestion and generalised edema• Left sided heart failure-initially pulmonary congestion and edema later generalised edema• Pitting• Dependent Ambulant-maximal over ankles & feet(pedal) -worse towards end of day -clears up with recumbence Bedridden-maximal over sacrum
•Legs face ascites•Early-nocturnal polyuria (clears up at
night)•Later-established at all times•Clears with Diuretic therapy•Other signs of cardiac failure -exertional dysnea -engorged jugulars -tender hepatomegaly
RENAL EDEMA
•Nephrotic ,Nephritic, Renal failure
•Nephrotic -severe, generalised,dependent -loose connective tissue, subcutaneous tissue, visceral organs -face(periorbital) legs
ascites (with scrotal swelling)
Other features -massive proteinuria -hypoalbuminemia -
hypercholesterolemia
•Acute nephritic -mild -loose connective tissue-
eyelids and face ,ankles,genitalia -moderate proteinuria•Both -more on waking up after sleep -generalised,pitting
LIVER DISEASE
•Liver Cirrhosis•Chronic liver disease -decreased protein synthesis -Ascites legs face
NUTRITIONAL EDEMA
•Protein losing enteropathy• Starvation
•Dependent•Hypoproteinemia
Albumin<2.5g/dL
DRUG INDUCED EDEMA
•Nifedipine-ankle edema•Corticosteroids•Estrogen•NSAIDs
ENDOCRINE
•Myxodema- hypothyroidism, infiltrative edema due to deposition of mucinous material, nonpitting•Pretibial myxodema- Grave’s disease, swelling over shins, nonpitting•Cushing’s disease- hyperaldosteronism
Pretibial myxodema
EPIDEMIC DROPSY
•Ingestion of edible oil contaminated with oil from seeds of argemone mexicana
•Bilateral pitting edema of lower limbs generalised edema•Pigmentation of skin over edema•Fever,diarrhoea,abdominal pain,malaise
IDIOPATHIC EDEMA
•Young menstruating women, not cyclical•Periodic episodes of edema with pain and
discomfort•Sitting and standing-abdomen and legs•On lying down-face and eyelids•Diurnal weight changes•Has to be differentiated from cyclical
edema
LOCALISED EDEMA
Redistribution of edema fluid, no accumulation
•Cellulitis•DVT•Lymphedema•Angioneurotic•Trauma•Milroy’s edema•Nifedipine
CELLULITIS,TRAUMA,COMPARTMENT SYNDROME,DVT
•Localised•Sudden onset•Painful edema
ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA
•Hypersensitivity•Solid edema-involves deeper layers of skin•Localised-Tongue,lips,face,eyelids•Develops rapidly,pale or faint pink, itching•Threatens life by suffocation•ACE inhibitor induced•Congenital-C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
LYMPHADEMA
•Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy•Filariasis•Nonpitting edema•localised
MILROY’S EDEMA
•Lymphedema at birth due to congenital absence of lymphatic tissue•Autosomal dominant inheritance•Unilateral limb edema
progressive both legs
REFEEDING EDEMA
•Edema occurring following feeding after prolonged starvation•Increased salt intake•Insulin release sodium reabsorption
THANK YOU