climate. what is climate? long term weather pattern. determined by – latitude – precipitation

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Page 1: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Climate

Page 2: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

What is climate?

• Long term weather pattern.

• Determined by– Latitude– Precipitation

Page 3: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

ClassificationTropical -Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

Page 4: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

TropicalWet: •Warm Temperatures•Large amounts of rain year-round

Page 5: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Savannah•20-30 degrees N & S of Equator•Wet and Dry seasons

Page 6: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Mid Latitude

Page 7: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

MidLatitude

• Mediterranean– Western edge of

continent– Mild wet winters– Warm dry summers– S. California, S. Africa,

Mediterranean area

Page 8: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

MidLatitude

• Humid Subtropical– Eastern side of continent– Wet summers– Shorter growing season

than Med. climate

Page 9: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

MidLatitude

• Marine West Coast– Western edge of

continent– Wind off water

moderates temperature– Mild summers– Cool winters– Northwestern US,

western Europe

Page 10: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Severe MidLatitude

• Humid Continental– Eastern side of continent– Short summers– Long, cold winters– Eastern North America,

central Europe, Asia

Page 11: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Severe MidLatitude

• Sub-Arctic– long, cold, dark, winter – Short, cool summer– 7 months below freezing– Ice from September to

May

Page 12: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Polar Climate

• Tundra– 1 month above freezing– Near Arctic Circle, North

America and Asia

Page 13: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Polar Climate

• Ice Cap– 9% of earth’s surface– Warmest month

averages below 0– Very little precipitation –

less than 5 inches per year

Page 14: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Any Latitude• Dry Climates– Desert• Less than 10 inches

precipitation per year• Can be cold or hot

– Semi arid• Edges of deserts• Grasses, but not

enough rain for trees

Page 15: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Highland or Mountain

• 30 cooler for every 1000 feet up

Snow on north face of mountains above 12,000 ft, Colorado, July, 2009

Page 16: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Factors that Control the Climate

• Latitude–Determines

intensity of sunlight

• Low=warm• Mid=temperate• High=polar/cold

Page 17: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Factors that Control the Climate• Continentality– Large landmasses affect climate– Far from water, more severe hot and cold

(Omaha)– Near water, moderate climate (Houston, London)

Omaha, Nebraska's large temperature range reflects its continental location.

Located near the ocean, London experiences mild temperatures and ample precipitation throughout the year.

Page 18: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Factors that Control the Climate

• Elevation– Higher is colder

Page 19: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Factors that Control the Climate

• Mountain Barriers– Blocks precipitation and wind– Create rainshadows

Page 20: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Factors that Control the Climate• Ocean currents– Air off ocean can be warm or cold, depending on

current– Moderates temperature (west coast marine)

Page 21: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Hurricanes

– Hurricanes• Begin in warm tropical waters• Move heat/energy toward poles• Clockwise in Northern hemisphere• Camille strongest to hit US

Page 22: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Types of Precipitation

• Convectional– Hot air rises– Its temperature drops– Now the air is cold, and it sinks– Circulating air masses can

produce hail

Page 23: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Types of Precipitation• Orographic– Windward side

of mountain receives rain• Cold air drops

moisture

– Leeward side is dry• rainshadow

Page 24: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Types of Precipitation

• Cyclonic or Frontal– Moving air masses collide• Air mass = air with same temperature and humidity

Page 25: Climate. What is climate? Long term weather pattern. Determined by – Latitude – Precipitation

Climate