climate smart agriculture - an opportunity for businesses
TRANSCRIPT
Climate-Smart Agriculture: An opportunity for businesses
Alain VidalDirector of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR System OrganizationG-20Y Summit 2016, St Moritz, Switzerland
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CIMMYTMexico CityMexico
IFPRIWash. DCUSA
CIPLimaPeru
CIATCaliColombia
BioversityInternationalRome Italy
AfricaRiceCotonouBenin
IITAIbadanNigeria
ILRINairobiKenya
World AgroforestryNairobiKenya
ICARDABeirutLebanon ICRISAT
PatancheruIndia
IWMIColomboSri Lanka
IRRILos BanosPhillippines
World FishPenangMalaysia
CIFORBogorIndonesia
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Actors and thinkers of globalization
How can we, leaders of G20 industries and leaders in science, design a sustainable pathway to combat climate change while ensuring the prosperity of farmers and the agribusiness ?
Our food system: driver and victim of climate change
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Agriculture, FOrestry and Land Use
Non-Ag Energy
70
2
Source: IPCC WGIII
Our food system: a critical driver of climate change
Agriculture-related activities are 24% of
global greenhouse gas emissions (2010)
Tomorrow: 50% of emissions to feed ourselves ? “Business as usual” (BAU)
agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
2010 2050 (Business as
usual)
2050 (2°C target)
9 11
40
74
Non-agricultural emissions
Agricultural and agriculture-driven land-use change emissions
~50%
49
85
22
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Climate variability will impact on food production
Source: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)
Crop yields drop by 2050 under BAU
5% per °C Maize 16% Rice 21% Wheat 42% Coffee 50%
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Suitability changes for coffee in East Africa
Arabica Robusta
How good / bad is climate smart agriculture ?
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Climate-smart agriculture :Not a chocolate box !
How smart?
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Changing diets and reducing waste
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission
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Towards diets that are more healthy and more climate-friendly
Tilman & Clark, 2014
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Reducing our food losses and wastage
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Reducing agricultural emissions
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission
Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD)
30% water
20-50% GHG
Without compromising yield
• Keep flooded for 1st 15 days and at flowering
• Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15.0
8.7
-42%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
t CO
2-eq
/ ha
*sea
son
4.93.9
-20%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-22%-28%
6.04.7
6.44.6
Hilly mid-slopes Delta low-lying
Summer-Autumn
Winter-Spring
Sander et al. in press IRRI
AWD Conventional
COLOMBIA Storing Carbon deep in the Soil
4 to 5 fold increase in animal production
Tropical forages for degraded pastures
Resilience to drought
35% increase in soil carbon
75% below 20 cm
Fisher et al. 1994
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Will climate-smart agriculture make the difference ?
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission
Sequestration of carbon in soil and trees
NIGER Bringing back the Sahel’s ‘underground forest’
5 million ha of land restored, over 200 million trees re-established
Reduces drought impacts
Additional half a million tonnes of grain per year
GLOBAL Agroecology
80% increases in yield
Resilience to pest and disease
0.35 tons Carbon ha-1
yr-1
37M ha of land in developing countries
Pretty et al. 2006
Climate-smart coffee-banana systems
Microclimate: shading can reduce temperature by >2° Celsius
Shade biomass increases carbon stock→ CC mitigation
Shade plants increase revenue and food security for smallholdersincome up
> 50%
Van Asten et al (2014)
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Climate-smart agriculture:rediscovering insuranceHorn of Africa – insuring the never-before-insured against catastrophic drought
IBLI (index-based livestock insurance) contract holders receive payouts when forage conditions deteriorate
14,000 pastoralists in 200,000 US$ paid out 33% reduction in food aid
Ground-testing Climate-Smart Agriculture with businesses
The WBCSD CSA Platform
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The LCTPi could cut emissions by 17-18 GtCO2e per year by 2030 versus business-as-usual
A global value chain group
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP AROUND THE WORLD
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AA1:BUILDING
SMALLHOLDER RESILIENCE
AA2:SCALING-UP
INVESTMENT IN CSA
AA3:IMPROVING BUSINESSES’
ABILITY TO TRACE, MEASURE AND MONITOR CSA
PROGRESS
AA4:IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURE-DRIVEN ZERO
DEFORESTATION AND SUSTAINABLE
LAND-USE COMMITMENTS
CSA PRIORITY ACTION AREAS
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AA3 - IMPROVING BUSINESSES’ ABILITY TO TRACE, MEASURE AND MONITOR CSA PROGRESS
•Key commodities and geographies of concern identified•Five ‘road-test’ countries identified in conjunction with Action Area 1, Action 1
Identify priorities for productivity, livelihoods, incomes and resilience
•Highest emission Industry sectors and top 5 country emitters for these industries identified
•Countries matched to WG Member company supply chains
Identify priorities for agricultural GHG emissions
•Monitoring methodologies & toolkits reviewed under each of the 3 CSA Pillars
•Preferred methodologies assembled into a framework
Develop a corporate CSA measurement protocol
•WG member companies have volunteered to ‘road-test’ the CSA measurement protocol for 2 years
•Road-tests launched
Road-test the corporate CSA measurement protocol
•Global measurement protocol developed with corporate CSA measurement protocol and other global measurement initiativesMeasure global progress towards
Vision 2030
Science for sustainable businesses
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Understanding how farmers invest
Variety +Pruning +Weeding +Mulching +Manure and fertilizer
Prod
uctiv
ity
Planting material
ExtensionService providers
Credit servicesFarmer coops
Labour
Knowledge
LabourLabour
$ Money Labour
$ Money
KnowledgeResources
required =
Stepwise investments ➣ higher efficiency
Commodities at risk
% of respondents
56%Soybean
56%Corn
50%Grains
38%Sugar
38%Rice
25%Coffee
25%
Dairy
Meat
Vegetables
Forest productsCotton
Fish
Tomato
Potato
19%
19%13%
13%
19%
13%
13%
44%Palm
Cocoa31%
Landscape analysis on Agribusiness collaboration for sustainable agriculture
and food security
Which types of collaboration hold the greatest latent potential for impact & scale?
Actors within the same value chain
Collaboration within a geographic and demographic reach
Structurally complexmultitude of contributors, geographies and value chains
Correcting Supply chainInefficiencies
Strengthening landscape level
approaches
Improving theBusiness enabling
Environment
A
B
C
Landscape analysis on Agribusiness collaboration for sustainable agriculture
and food security
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Science for sustainable businesses
Candid and transparent approaches – with metrics – help reconsidering farmers and their real issues Develop climate-smart agriculture to re-create value in supply chains – and measure itOpportunities for businesses to enhance their social (adaptation, food security) and environmental (mitigation) responsibility
