Climate Change Technology Needs Assessment for

Thailand Water Resource Management

Porranee ThanapakpawinSurajate Boonya-Aroonnet

Pintip VajarothaiAungkana  Pratumthong

Royol  Chitradon

Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII)Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand

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2

• The changing water situation: Impacts from Climate change

• Management challenges

• Framework for technology needs assessment

• Prioritized adaptation technologies

Content

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1950-1997 average 1,374 mm./year

2001-2010 annual rainfall anomaly (mm)compared to 1950-1997 average

Rainfall has been above average in the past decade

Greater inter-annual variability compared to past

(38.7) (58.5) (36.1) (39.3) (80.9) (19.2) (145.7) (mm/month)Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

mm

Monthly rainfall map: Marchcompared to 1950-1997 average

Greater change of monthly rainfall – timing, location, and intensity (e.g. Season change)

4

(174.1) (196.4) (270.5) (204.2) (209.9) (111.0) (212.0)

Monthly rainfall map: Maycompared to 1950-1997 average

Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

mm

(mm/month)

5

(219.2) (244.8) (219.2) (187.6) (197.3) (299.8) (288.8)

Monthly rainfall map: Augustcompared to 1950-1997 average

mmAverage 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (mm/month)

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(236.0) (248.7) (233.1) (268.5) (227.2) (222.4) (314.9)

Monthly rainfall map: Septembercompared to 1950-1997 average

mm

(mm/month)Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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Source: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Several areas experience both flood & drought problems

Flood risk (left) and drought risk (right) areas

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Photo: Channel 3

Photo taken Sep 14, 11: Surajate B.Aroonnet

Photo: thairath.co.th 9

Thailand 2011 FloodPhoto taken Sep 14, 11: Surajate B.Aroonnet

Source: Climatic Data Center/NESDIS/NOAA

El Nino and La Nina alternates more frequently.

Expect higher climate variability

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) linked to Climate change

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ท่ีมา: IPCC (2551)

Project increased rainfall

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Future projection of 2090-2099 annual runoff, relative to 1980-1999

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Only 6% of rainfall is collected in large reservoirs High inter-annual reservoir inflow variability (19% nation-wide, 20-30% regionally) Only 13% of agricultural areas is irrigated

Management challenges: Thailand Water Infrastructure

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Goal of Thailand WRM &our technology needs

• Solve both flood & drought problems together• Build water security for all user sectors

- Macro level: Irrigated agriculture, Industry, Urban areas- Micro level: Rain-fed agriculture

• Targets of technology needs:- Secure capitol water supply through storage &

distribution- Build management flexibility in all climate & demand

scenarios- Minimize disaster risks & impacts- Build knowledge/know-how and data

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Framework for prioritizing “adaptation” technologies

Objectives

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Technology Group

Analyze from output/outcom

e

(High Impact) (Low Impact)

Analyze from SWOT

Criteria

Funding sourceInternal funding

Domestic developmentHigh

ImpactHigh

SWOTHigh/Low

Impact

LowSWOT

Mul

ti C

riter

iaPr

iorit

ized

Tech

nolo

gyThe process for technology

prioritization

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Rev

iew

pos

sibl

e te

chno

logi

es

External funding/Technology transfer

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Technology needs for macro-management

Reservoir 4

Reservoir 6

Reservoir 5

Reservoir 3

Reservoir 2

Pond 1

Reservoir 1

Long-range weather forecast (3-7 months)

Flood sensorweb(Event detection, monitoring, and decision support system )

Networking of water infrastructures & management

Rainfall

Now 2 month 4 month

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Community Water Resource Management (CWRM):

Secure water through integrated supply and demand management

Application of science, technology & innovation Knowledge management Capacity & collaborative network building

18*collected from 15 households in 2009

Success story of CWRM in a village in NE Thailand

Yearly Family Data*

(Thai Baht)

Before 2007 2008(with

CWRM)

2009(with

Integrated Farming)

2010(CWRM + Integrated Farming)

INCOME 103,000 1,544,764 2,227,354 2,474,234 4,079,354• Rice Field 103,000 417,850 621,060 973,630 844,370• Farming - 917,271 640,500 437,220 1,257,800• Integrated farming - 209,643 965,794 1,063,384 1,977,184

Expenditure 114,000 693,496 1,067,451 890,341 1,479,606

Net Income -11,000 851,268 1,159,903 1,583,893 2,599,747

Accumulating debt decreased from 2.6 million THB to 1.84 million THB in 2009

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Summary• Goal of Thailand WRM: Water & agricultural

security• Technology needs: Flexible infrastructures &

Better management: planning , operation & disaster management

• Macro-management: - Networking of water infrastructures &

management - Long-range weather forecast (3-7 months) - Flood sensorweb

• Micro-management: CWRM as a key risk-based adaptation approach to cope with climate variability & build sustainable agriculture

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Telemeter data

Remote sensing/

GIS

Oceanic data

Risk assessment

Network & Clustering

Users

Disaster management

Flash flood & landslide warning

Water flow network

Survey/observation

Forecasting/Modeling

Operation

Planning

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Integration of technology useReservoir networking