Climate Change Management

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Walter Leal Filho · Fátima Alves · Sandra Caeiro Ulisses M. Azeiteiro Editors

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International Perspectives on Climate ChangeLatin America and Beyond

EditorsWalter Leal FilhoInternational Climate Change Information

Programme Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Hamburg Germany

Fátima AlvesUlisses M. AzeiteiroUniversidade Alberta Porto Portugal

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The need for climate change adaptation is becoming more and more pressing, as a noticeable increase in both the frequency and intensity of extreme events is now being registered.

Adaptation, a process which entails anticipation of the adverse effects of cli-mate change and the appropriate action needed to prevent or minimize the dam-age it causes, is now a priority for many countries across the world. Indeed, by pursuing appropriate adaptation strategies, it may be possible to cope with extreme events on the one hand, and protect human lives and property on the other. International cooperation in the field of climate change adaptation is very impor-tant, since climate change impacts transcend borders of individual states—such as with river basins—and their impacts vary considerably across regions.

Although there are many interesting and useful experiences on climate change adaptation across the world, only a few initiatives are ever documented or dissemi-nated. This book addresses this need, since it provides concrete examples of con-crete adaptation measures taking place in Latin America and in other parts of the world. Prepared in the context of the project “Climate Change Transfer Centers in Europe and in Latin America” (CELA), partly funded by the EU ALFA III Program, this books contains a wealth of information and experiences, illustrating how climate change adaptation is being implemented in practice.

Part I of this book deals with the impacts of change in regions and specific geo-graphical areas, with examples predominantly from Latin America, meeting the need for analyses and projects which investigate the specific impacts of climate change in that part of the world. Part II tackles the management of climate change impacts and introduces projects, initiatives, and adaptation tools. Part III of the book emphasizes the role of policy-making and the contribution of information, communication, and stakeholders’ involvement.

Examples of works documented in this book include how to use scarce water resources more efficiently; how agriculture can be adapted to future climate con-ditions and extreme weather events; how to develop drought-resistant crops, and the important role to be played by information, education, and communication on climate change.

Preface

Prefacevi

We hope this book will provide a valuable support to international climate change adaptation efforts, and the ability of countries and regions to cope with the multiple impacts of climate change across populations, economic sectors, and regions around the world.

Summer 2014 Walter Leal FilhoFátima Alves

Sandra CaeiroUlisses M. Azeiteiro

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Part I Impacts of Change Impacts in Regions and Geographical Areas

1 Regional Vulnerability of Agro-Environmental Processes Facing Climate Change. Latin American Adaptation Agendas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Pablo Torres-Lima and Rey Acosta-Barradas

2 Risk Analysis in Transboundary Water of the Rivers Pilcomayo and Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Julian Báez, Roger Monte Domecq and Lisa Lugo

3 Analysis of Temporal Variability of Droughts in Southern Paraguay and Northern Argentina (1961–2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Maria Manuela Portela, Artur Tiago Silva, João Filipe dos Santos, Julián Baez Benitez, Carlos Frank and José Miguel Reichert

4 Sedimentation and Life Expectancy of Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala: Increased Vulnerability Under Future Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Astrid Michels, Michael Lloyd, Roger Woeller, Jean-Francois Dionne, Lorena Grande, Mario Sorto, Ana-Beatriz Suarez and Manuel Basterrechea

5 Towards Valuing Climate Change Impacts on the Ecosystem Services of a Uruguayan Coastal Lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Andrew L. Fanning

6 Integrating Climate Science, Monitoring, and Management in the Rio de la Plata Estuarine Front (Uruguay) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Gustavo J. Nagy, Nathalie Muñoz, José E. Verocai, Mario Bidegain, Bernardo de los Santos, Leonardo Seijo, Juan Martín García, Gabriella Feola, Beatriz Brena and Jimena Risso

Contents

Contentsviii

Part II The Management of Climate Change Impacts

7 Managing the Impacts of Climate Change in Latin America: The Need for Technology Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Walter Leal Filho and Franziska Mannke

8 Strategic Contributions to Extreme Climate Change: The Innovation Helixes as a Link Among the Short, Medium and Long-Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Nelson Amaro, Cyrano Ruiz, Juan Luis Fuentes, Julio Miranda and Ericka Tuquer

9 What Contributes to Climate Change Adaptive Capacity? A Retrospective Case Study in a Caribbean Small Island Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Jessica Jaja and Jackie Dawson

10 Taking a Micro-Perspective on the Global Challenge of Climate Change: The “Microenergy Systems” Research Focus at the Technische Universität Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Jonas Van der Straeten, Kathrin Friederici and Sebastian Groh

11 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Coastal People in Bangladesh: A Sociological Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Joydeb Garai

12 From Rainforests to Drylands: Comparing Family Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change in Three Brazilian Biomes . . . . . . . . 165Gabriela Litre, Stéphanie Nasuti, Catherine A. Gucciardi Garcez, Diego Pereira Lindoso, Flávio Eiró, Jane Simoni, Carolina Joana da Silva and Cristiane Lima Façanha

Part III The Role of Policy-making and the Contribution of Information, Communication and Stakeholders’ Involvement

13 Precipitation Variability and Adaptation Strategies in the Southern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Integrating Local Knowledge with Quantitative Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Sofía Márdero, Birgit Schmook, Zachary Christman, Elsa Nickl, Laura Schneider, John Rogan and Deborah Lawrence

14 Making Science Count: Climate Change and the Science/Practice Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Harry Diaz and Margot Hurlbert

ixContents

15 Island Erosion and Aff licted Population: Crisis and Policies to Handle Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Tuhin Ghosh, Rituparna Hajra and Anirban Mukhopadhyay

16 Does Awareness Through Learning About Climate Change Enhance Farmers’ Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Uncertainty?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Rosaine Nérice Yegbemey, Gauthier Biaou, Jacob Afouda Yabi and Sènakpon Eric Haroll Kokoye

17 Local Knowledge and Participatory Climate Change Planning in the Northeastern U.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Lauren C. Heberle, Sam Merrill, Chris H. Keeley and Sadie Lloyd

18 Evaluating of Post-2012 Carbon Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Olga Diukanova

19 Perceptions About Climate Change in Sidama, Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . 267Seyoum Hameso

20 Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Climate Change in the Southeastern United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287David Himmelfarb, John Schelhas, Sarah Hitchner, Cassandra Johnson Gaither, KathErine Dunbar and J. Peter Brosius

21 The Role of Higher Education in Institutionalising Climate Change in Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Gazi Mahabubul Alam and Abul Quasem Al-Amin