CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT: BORENA , GUJI & BABILE (E. Harerge)

Mercy Corps CARE Ethiopia SoS SahelKimetrica Harmaya University

Team Members

Insert picture of team working

Sisay Awgichew

Endale Worku

Hussein Miyo

Kedija Ali

Malicha Sora

Talew Dheressa

Ismael Haro

Iya Usman

Jemal Hussein

Ahmed Abdi

Khalif Ahmed

Mohamed Seid

Mohamed Nur

Summary of Data SourcesFGD # Male Female TOOL 1:

Vulnerability Analysis

TOOL 2: Preparedness and Response

TOOL 3: Resource Use and Access

76 31 45 26 25 25

Dialogue # Gov’t Community # male participants

# female participants

5 2+1 3+2 109 58

Data Summary

FGD – Visualization in Bitata

Pastureland • Wet and dry season grazing area• Degraded areas, bush encroached areas

Major water sources Farmlands Settlements Market centers Mineral sites Mobility routes

Resource System –

8 Woredas: Yabello, Teltele,Arero, Dhas, Moyale, Miyo, Dilo & DireNo. of kebeles: 134; 44799km2

Borena Lowland Rangeland System

Wordas: Wadera, Gorodola and LibenNo. of kebeles: 58; Sq Kms: 8763

Guji Lowlands Rangeland System

Babile Area MapSpan: Babile woreda extending into Nogob zone of Somali Region

No. of kebeles 23; 2,701.km2

Access based on availability

Resource Access

Guji Borana Babile

Pasture Medium High Medium

Water High Medium High

Market Low Medium Medium

Financial services

Low Low Medium

Farm lands Medium Low Medium to High

Livestock Medium High Medium

Forest land Medium Medium N/A

Other Influencing Factors• Relationships • Institutions• Status• Hazards

Resource Access and Control

Guji BoranaSettlements Dispersed Aggregated/ ollas

Reserves - enclosures More private More communal

Rangeland Heterogeneous, Forest based

Woody/ shrubs

Farming More dominant More at peri –urban areas

Resource Management system

More Private More Communal – Based on traditional system

Customary management system

Weak Stronger

degradation Medium High

Resource Access and Control Context variation in South

Hazard Frequency Impact on the resource

Drought 3-5 yrs Depletion of pasture Loss of livestock Weakening HH economyErratic rain 1-2 yrs

Conflict 1-2 yrs Displacement Restricted access to resources and market

Heat stress Every year Movement restriction Less productive labour,

Livestock disease Every year Kills animals Weakening HH economy.

Hazards and Impacts

Hazard Trends

• Hazards increasing in number and frequency at the period of EPRDF

• Similar mapping with both community and government

Level of Awareness of Causes• Generally poor awareness• Men are ‘better’ aware than women • GOD’s will.• Government has better awareness• No major intra-cluster variation

Hazards

Differential Vulnerability

Community Groups

What makes them vulnerable

Women Responsible for the management of all the remaining family members and weak animals at the homestead

Young Men Move with the herd to long distances, are the one who will be at front line during conflict.

Elders/ disabled Malnutrition and old age, vulnerable to disease

Children Malnutrition and susceptibility to disease; increased labor burden during hazards

COPING ADAPTATION

Migration Feed Production and Storage (hay making; crop residue)

Stress sell of livestock Rotational Grazing: Separation of wet and dry grazing areas

Purchase and use of animal feed Livestock diversificationKilling calves Livelihood diversification

Reducing meals Social/family support

Watering animals at night Small scale fodder cultivation

Increasing watering intervals

Casual labour

Preparedness and Response

Preparedness and ResponseMore Effective Strategies Reasons

Livestock selling - planned Mobility - planned Livelihoods diversification Livestock vaccination Herd Diversification Communal enclosures

Preserves assets Creates Options Environmentally Appropriate Support by customary system – broad support Appropriate timing

Less Effective Strategies Reasons

Livestock selling - distressful Charcoal and fuel wood Casual labour Hay making and crop residues Feed purchase Migration - stress

Inappropriate Timing Short-lived High environmental Impact Unaffordable Limited impact on resilience High risk Potential for conflict

#1: Focusing on most critical system resources:• Pasture• Water• Livestock• Market• Financial services

Reducing Vulnerability Building Adaptive Capacity

# 2: Addressing resource access and control• Improve relationships • Strengthening customary resource

management system• Enhancing land tenure• Enhance women’s decision-making power in

the household, and of key assets

Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity

# 3: Strengthening existing adaptive capacities

Strengthen systems for communal rangeland management• Bridging community systems and government• Strengthening existing land use planning processes• Separating wet and dry season grazing areas• Recognizing and opening mobility corridors

Recognize and respect social support systems

Enhance access and storage capacity for feed and fodder

Create market linkages for livelihood diversification

Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity

#4: Addressing ineffectiveness• Enhance access to early warning information• Enhance access to market information• Attitude and behavior change on timely sale of

livestock• Improving infrastructures and facilitating

market linkages • Create public-private partnerships• Creating access to commercial feed

Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity