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S. Lenka,KVK, Kendrapara

OUAT, Bhubaneswar

NATIONAL INITIATIVE ON

CLIMATE RESILIENT

AGRICULTURE PROJECT,

KENDRAPARA

ODISHA

To develop, evaluate and demonstrate the site-specific technology for enhancing the

climatic resilience of agriculture

To further improve inventories of GHG emissions from agriculture-

Carbon, Methane and Nitrous Oxide

To enhance the Indian research capacity on climate – agriculture

relationship

Objectives

DISTRICT MAP OF ODISHA

Agro Climatic Zone-East & South-East Costal Plane ZoneTemp: 390C (Max) to 11.50C (Min)Rainfall: 1556 mmSoil: Sandy loomCropping Intensity: 186 %Fertilizer Consumption: 42 Kg/haNet Irrigated Area: 66.49 th. ha

Krushnadaspur

Location MapIndia

Odisha

Kendrapara

Project ProfileName of the scheme National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)

Title of the project Climate Resilient Agricultural Technology Package at village level

Source of funding Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

Name of the coordinating institution Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture,Santoshnagar, Hyderabad- 500059

Name of the component of the scheme

Technology Demonstration Component

Name and address of the implementing Agency

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrapara

Proje Village Krushnadaspur

Village Household 150 No

Zonal project directorate (concerned) Zone-VII

Duration of the project 2010- 2011 (January 2011 to March 2012)

Budget Year 2010-11

Rs. 7, 25 lakh

Year 2011-12 Rs. 23.10 lakh

Total budget Rs. 30.35 lakh

Disaster History (History of last 25 years)

Sl No

Types of Disaster Month and Year Direct loss (Human and economy)

1 Cyclone Oct 1956 Five human loss2 Cyclone September 1971 Two human loss3 Flood August 1982 -4 Cyclone Nov 1984 -

5 Flood Sept 1985 One human loss

6 Flood Aug 1989 -

7 Flood Aug 1991 -

8 Flood Sept 1992 -

9 Flood Aug 1994 One human loss

10 Flood Sept 1996 -

11 Flood Oct 1997 -

12 Heat wave May-July 1998 -

13 Super Cyclone and Flood Oct 1999 Two human loss

14 Flood Sept 2001 -

15 Flood Aug 2003 -

16 Flood Aug 2006 -

17 Flood Aug 2007 -

18 Flood Aug 2008 -

Health ImpactsWeather-related MortalityInfectious DiseasesAir Quality-Respiratory Illnesses

Agriculture ImpactsCrop yields and diversityFlood damageIrrigation demands

Water Resource ImpactsChanges in water supplyWater qualityIncreased competition for water

Impacts on Coastal AreasErosion of beachesInundate coastal landsCosts to defend coastal communities

Forest ImpactsChange in forest compositionShift geographic range of forestsForest Health and Productivity

Species and Natural AreasShift in ecological zonesLoss of habitat and speciesSpread of invasive species

Major Constraints

Climate Changes

Sea Level Rise

Temperature

Precipitation

Flood

Village Specific Bottlenecks Frequent Flood

Water logged situation

No canal irrigation facility

Non availability of flood and drought resistant paddy variety

Acidic soil- 92 %

Poor nutrient status of soils

Poor water holding capacity of soil

Massive pest and disease problem in cereal, pulses and vegetables

Low productivity of animals on account of fodder scarcity, imbalanced feeding

Poor access to high yielding varieties, farm machinery

Paddy crop severely affected due to flood in PI stage

Non-availability of quality seed in time

Paddy, groundnut, greengram, blackgram, pointedgourd, brinjal, chilli

Non-availability of farm machinery/ implements

Groundnut, seed drill, rice transplanter, Rake weeder, power tiller, mini tractor, rotavator, pump disel motor, Winnowner

Non-availability of fodder July-Sept

Non-availability of critical inputs for livestock & poultry, like vaccines, etc.

July-Sept

Major diseases in livestock & poultry

FMD, Bajabajia, Rani Khet (Cow, Bullock & Poultry)

Lower price of farm produce

Tomato, brinjal, beet, Carrot

APPROACHES• Confidence building

measures• Environmental

degradation• Institutional Building

• Changes in weather and seasons

• Changes in biodiversity & crop yields

• Adaptive capacity• Existing coping

mechanisms• Accessing district and

national knowledge and resources, including meteorological

• Site-specific packages of technologies for adapting to current climatic hazards

• Training (Human Capital)

• Exposure Visit• Skill transfer and Up • gradation

Awareness & Mobilization

Participatory Research

Technology Demonstratio

n

Capacity Building

Convergence

A movement towards Sustainability

Institutional Building

Village Climate Risk Management Committee (CRMC): to take up the overall activities of the projectCommittee for managing the custom hiring center (Farm service center) in the villageFodder management committeeSelf Help GroupUser GroupCommon Interest GroupFarmer Interest Group

Coping strategies adopted by innovative farmers

Adverse situation Coping strategyEarly season drought (delayed onset)

Direct seedling of sprouted paddy seed, if seedlings are not available.

Transplanting paddy in place of direct sowing, gap filling of paddy if the damage is partial

Normal onset followed by 15-20 days dry spell

Sowing the seeds at 5-6 cm depth by punji buna method (6-8 seeds sowing at one place with row cow dung ball) to avoid water logging situation

Mid season drought (long dry spell, consecutive 2 weeks rainless

Life saving irrigation through existing farm ponds, beushaning (thinning plant population) of paddy is skipped with weeding.

Terminal drought Proper use residual moisture during early rabi season and taken up field crops like green gram and black gram

Insufficient groundwater recharge due to low rainfall/ over-exploitation

Farming communities are grown short duration groundnut variety

Coping strategies adopted by innovative farmers

Adverse situation Coping strategyScarcity of feed and fodder and water for animals during drought

Used existing failed crop residues due to drought followed by grass and old paddy straw for feeding of animals

Feeding/ reproductive management of livestock during heat/ cold wave

Grazing early in the morning and late in the afternoon

Feed and fodder and water for animals during heat/ cold wave

They gave cool and lukewarm drinking water with husk and grain in earthen pots

Fisheries: Shallow water in ponds due to insufficient rains/inflows

Re-charge the ponds with bore well water. Partial harvesting of the stock to reduce stocking density and mortality.

Crop management during short duration flood situation

Removal of sand from the sand casting field and fill up the gap by new seedling. In some cases shown alternate crops

Disease epidemics mitigation in livestock during cyclone/ flood

Improve and clean the shed area and supply clean drinking water , straw and rice polished husk

15

Process

Stakeholder drivenquestions

Identify clear endpoints

Conduct assessment andIdentify uncertainties

Identify options for response

Communicate to stakeholders

Was informationReceived?

Evaluate Effectiveness of response

Gap between assessmentand villagers response

Six Steps of Participatory Assessment of Disaster Risk

Action Plan

Preparation

Secondary review

Village survey

Secondary and collateral data collection on agriculture, Flood,

climate, water resources, forests, environmental, social issues etc.

Primary data collection through participatory tools

Database creation

Preparation of draft action plan

Thematic and composite map development

Implementable action plan development through benefit- cost analysis/ adaptation decision matrix/ tool

for environmental assessment and management (TEAM)

Meeting with Expert committee resilient agriculture

Stakeholder dialogue process and prioritization of issues

1 .Sector experts (Core group)a ..Agricultureb. Horticulturec. Forestryd.Fisherye. Plant protectionf. Agril. Extensiong. Public healthh. Ecosystem and biodiversityi.GIS and Remote sensingj. Disaster management2.Government officials3.District administration4.local leaders5.Citizen forums6.Beneficiaries7.NGOs/ VOs/ CSOs

Public meeting and finalization of Action plan

Topo sheets, village maps

Flow chart of development of implementable action plan for

the district

Climate- crop scenario generation

and optimization

IMPLEMENTATION

Core Team(Subject matter

specialists)

· Technical guidelines

·Training & capacity building·Supervision

Report and field level feed

back

SRF-1

SRF-2

Composition of Team

Village

Intervention Resilience to climate changeIntroduction of flood resistant paddy varieties

To escape floods

Swarna Sub-1: Sustain submergence for about 2 weeks without getting affected Pani Dhan: Tolerance to submergence as well as major pest diseases suitable for semi-deep low land situationBarsa Dhan: Variety of paddy that withstand some pressure of wind due to its strong strawIntroduction of improved pulse and oil seed varieties

To escape mid season drought and floods

Blackgram(PU-30, PU 19, LBG-17, T9, Prasad)Greengram(PDM-54, PDM-11, OBGG-52, Term-1)Oilseed (Groundnut)-Smruti, Devi, ICGS-11,JL-24

Introduction seed production programme for own use (crop for which seed is not available)

Timely availability of flood and drought resistant varieties

IPM for paddy, pulses and vegetables taking bio pesticides, bio agents, pheromone trap Environmental safe guard Cultivation of tissue culture banana like G9, Bantala & DC Land use practice

POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS

Intervention Resilience to climate changeIntroduction of Integrated farming Pisciculture- Duckery and Poultry Rain water harvesting Life saving irrigation during dry

spellRenovation of existing water bodies (WHS, farm ponds) Renovation of compost pit and use waste materials for vermicompost and vermiwash

Conservation & restoration of bio-waste

Micro Irrigation system for field crop & Horti.crops

Life saving irrigation at critical growth stage and increasing WUE

Sprinkler irrigationDrip irrigationSubmerged pitcher In-situ moisture conservation in vegetables

Minimize evaporation loses, suppression of weeds and resilient to dry spell

Live and poly mulching for efficient water management Improvement of soil fertility and productivity and water holding capacity with green manuring (Dhanicha), vermicomposting, green leaf manuring (Glyricedia)

Introduction of Agro forestry model Agri-horti-silvi-pastural system

Setting of farm machinery custom hiring centre (Mini tractor, power tiller, seed drill, power sprayer etc)

Timely availability of farm implements

Establishment of Azolla unitApplication in the paddy field and feed for live stock

Intervention Resilience to climate changeAppropriate inter cropping system Maize + cow pea-(fodder) 2:1Management of acid soil with application of PMS Taking pulses in rabi and summerApplication of Soil test based bio-fertiliser and fertilisers Resource conservation Hedge rows and vegetative barriers Enhance soil fertility and productivityAgro-advisory services to the farmer

Management of pest and disease fluctuations occurring due to climatic variability

Weather based pest and disease forecasting message Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMA) Fodder bank Conservation and storage of fodder

during scarcity periodCultivation of Hybrid Napier, Stylo and Para grassesMitigation of mineral and vitamin deficiency in livestock’s

Quality fodder

Improving poor quality roughes by ammonia treatment, urea treatment, urea molassess, mineral blocks etc for the live stock

Prophylaxis of Livestock and poultryEnhance immunity of livestock during stress

InterventionResilience to climate change

Introduction of better adopted high yield breeds of livestock & poultry

Better income and livelihoods

Cattle Breeds like Red Sindhi, Jersey and Holstein freshenGoat breeds: Black Bengal and SirohiIntroduction of colour birds like Banaraja and Giriraja, BlackrockActivities for diversification of Agriculture /Livelihoods

Alternative livelihood support

Introduction of paddy straw and oyster mushroom cultivation Introduction of ApicultureGroup marketing for high value crops

Alternative livelihood supportCollective marketing and value addition of surplus cropsInsurance of crops and Livestock Risk mitigation measuresCapacity building Training and Exposure visit Seeing is believing

Budget Requirements (Rs. in lakh)S. N Items of expenditure 2010-11 2011-12 Total

1. Non- Recurring

1.1 Farm machinery and small equipments for the selected village

6.25 -- 6.25

2. TA

2.1 TA (other than local movements) 1.0 1.0 2.0

3. Contingencies

3.1 Contractual services: SRF (2) 4.0 4.0

3.2 Operational expenses (agricultural inputs, labour, livestock, stationery, POL,, small repairs, miscellaneous expenditure to be incurred in the village like farm pond, percolation pond, seed bank, fodder bank, renovation of defunct water harvesting structure, capacity building and training and all other interventions)*

18.1 18.10

Grand Total 7.25 23.1 30.35