Click to edit Master title style

OCLC Online Computer Library CenterOCLC and FRBR: directions and

research results Lorcan Dempsey

with contributions from Diane Vizine-Goetz, Ed O’Neill, Thom Hickey

and Eric Childress

!!Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR (Functional

Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Organized by the Australian Committee on Cataloging.

Melbourne Convention Centre, 2 February 2004

Overview

FRBR and OCLC

OCLC research work

OCLC production plans

Some issues

FRBR and OCLC

Long standing interest in work-based approaches– The Humphry Clinker problem

Strong practical interest– End-user presentation– ILL– Cataloging – help find records– Collection analysis– Data enrichment

OCLC Research and FRBR

Mining the data …– Ed O’Neill

Algorithmically FRBRizing– Thom Hickey

Work-based prototypes– Diane Vizine-Goetz– Thom Hickey

Click to edit Master title style

OCLC Online Computer Library Center

Mining the data

Analyzing representations of a single work in detail.

Tested OCLC Research conversion algorithm against 1000 works.

Types of Works

Elemental Works have only a single manifestation (78 %)

Simple Works have only a single expression but multiple manifestations (16 %)

Complex Works have multiple expression (6 %)

Principal Types of Complex Works

Translations

Augmented

Revised

Collected/Selected

Translations

All translations are expressions

Other types of complex works frequently include translations

Typical Augmented Work

48 Expressions

114 Manifestations

Expressions created by augmentation with: notes, introductions, illustrations, bibliographies, glossaries, etc.

The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

Typical Revised Work

1st and 2nd Editions are by John Phillip Immroth

• 3rd and 4th editions are by Lois Mai Chan and “Immroth’s” was added to the title

Collected Works

A collection of items each of which is a distinct intellectual or artistic creation; a collection of works

50% of ‘collected works’ explicitly list component works.

And …

Expressions not clear.

Bring out the differences that matter.

Retrospective activity constrained by available bibliographic data.

Empirical work will support ongoing clarification of the model (Working group on the expression entity)

Click to edit Master title style

OCLC Online Computer Library Center

Algorithmically ‘FRBRizing’

The OCLC Research work set algorithm

Our Approach

Concentrating on work-level– Problems with expression-level clusters

Efficient, maintainable, understandable

Useful matches with correct cataloging– Err on the side of missed matches– Some accommodation of frequent variants (e.g.

Shakespeare’s Hamlet = Hamlet)

Compare with manually clustered– Reliable at work level. Expression level not clear

enough.

The Algorithm

A key is generated for each record

Extract author, title– Look up in NACO authority file– Added entry information as needed

Form a key from bibliographic record– Author, title, added entry information– These can be sorted, compared

Results

Manual estimate: 1.5 manifestations/work in WorldCat

Algorithm: ~1.27

25,000 clusters have >20 records

415,000 clusters have >4 records

30% records and 50% of holdings are in a cluster

Click to edit Master title style

OCLC Online Computer Library Center

Work-based prototypes

FictionFinderXISBN

FictionFinder

A prototype system of 2.6+ million bibliographic records for fiction clustered according to the OCLC FRBR work set algorithm

Uses the FRBR model to organize, index, and display bibliographic elements of potential interest to users

Fiction Subset

2,665,662 WorldCat records (fiction indicator)

1,758,479 work clusters

1.5 records/cluster

3,866 clusters have 20 or more records

50,540 clusters have 5 or more records

Most widely held fiction works

Holdings M’stations Key

29,043 692 twain, mark\1835 1910/adventures of huckleberry finn

26,088 1,267 carroll, lewis\1832 1898/alices adventures in wonderland

20,843 640 twain, mark\1835 1910/adventures of tom sawyer

19,410 1,341 defoe, daniel\1661 1731/robinson crusoe

18,566 983 cervantes saavedra, miguel de\1547 1616/don quixote

18,492 836 stevenson, robert louis\1850 1894/treasure island

18,123 526 dickens, charles\1812 1870/christmas carol

18,100 278 crane, stephen\1871 1900/red badge of courage

17,761 525 bronte, charlotte\1816 1855/ Jane Eyre

17,499 332 chekhov, anton pavlovich\1860 1904/short stories  

FictionFinder & FRBR

Information that applies to all expressions of a given work, such as summaries, genre terms, and subjects given precedence in work/expression-level screen displays.

Because of the difficulty of consistently identifying expressions, manifestations are organized by language of expression

Work display

Work/expression display

FictionFinder & FRBR

Some characteristics of an expression, such as expression title, e.g.,– Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone v.s– Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

are presented at the Work/Expression level

Other less clear-cut distinctions between expressions & manifestations, such as Braille and electronic book versions are presented at both the Work/Expression level and the Manifestation level.

Work/expression/manifestation display

xISBN

An experimental web service:– xISBN server receives a single ISBN and returns a list of

all ISBNs for the work cluster– Designed for machine-to-machine data exchange– Can return list in XML or XHTML

Supports automatic expansion of ISBN searches:– Check user ILL requests against all editions/versions in

OPAC– Use xISBN bookmarklet to find local library’s editions

when user finds any edition of item on Amazon, etc.– Quickly check OPAC for all editions/versions during

selection/acquisitions/gift book processing

xISBN

work cluster 1

work cluster 2

work cluster 3

ISBN 1ISBN 2ISBN 3

ISBN 1ISBN 2ISBN 3

ISBN 5ISBN 6ISBN 7

ISBN 5ISBN 6ISBN 7

ISBN 8ISBN 9

ISBN 10

ISBN 8ISBN 9

ISBN 10

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> - <idlist>

<isbn>1875847634</isbn> <isbn>1860464947</isbn> <isbn>1860464955</isbn> <isbn>963859313x</isbn> <isbn>2221087615</isbn> <isbn>9532060065</isbn> <isbn>9657120055</isbn>

</idlist>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> - <idlist>

<isbn>1875847634</isbn> <isbn>1860464947</isbn> <isbn>1860464955</isbn> <isbn>963859313x</isbn> <isbn>2221087615</isbn> <isbn>9532060065</isbn> <isbn>9657120055</isbn>

</idlist>

OCLC FRBR Work-Set Algorithm http://labs.oclc.org/xisbn/1875847634

Eucalyptus / Murray Bail 1998 Melbourne : Text Pub. ISBN: 1875847634

Eucalyptus 1998 Melbourne : Text Pub.

Eucalyptus 1998 London : Harvill Press

Eucalyptus 1999 London : Panther

Eukaliptusz 1999 Budapest : Ulpius-ház [Hungarian]

Eucalyptus 1999 Paris : R. Laffont [French]

Eukaliptus 1999 Zagreb : Meandar [Croatian]

Ekaliptus 2001 Tel Aviv : Hargol [Hebrew]

xISBN table builder

xISBNserver

Searchingfor the book on Amazon

Searchingfor the book on Amazon

LibraryLookup bookmarklet

LibraryLookupLibraryLookup

http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860464955/qid=1075134526/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_10_1/202-6426661-8213436

Is the book at my library?Is the book at my library?

SingleISBN

xISBN bookmarklet

http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860464955/qid=1075134526/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_10_1/202-6426661-8213436

xISBNserver

LibraryLookupLibraryLookup xISBNxISBN

Multiple ISBNs

ADDED

ADDED

ADDED

ADDED

ADDED

Is the book at my library?Is the book at my library?

OCLC production plans

FRBR in FirstSearch (end-user searching)– End 2004 as part of broader searching

enhancement.– Present users with view most relevent to them

(work, manifestation, …)

FRBR and cataloging– Interested in potential for ‘FRBRization’

services– Use FRBR as aid to finding cataloging copy– FRBR view of cataloging yet to be discussed.

Some issues

Data. Variations in cataloging practice and errors or omissions in transcription and input lead to false clusters

Systems. Support in library management and other systems.

Agreement and shared practice. Theoretical discussion needs to be informed by practice. The detail!

Communications format. How to share works etc. Different internal implementations.

Further information

www.oclc.org/research

ProjectsPublicationsResearchWorks (soon)Software (algorithm)