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Research & Advanced Engineering
Enabling Model-Based Design:
Robust Collaborative Development of
Embedded Systems
William P. Milam, Ford
Eileen Davidson, Ford
John Mills, SimuQuest
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Agenda
• Introduction
• Brief overview of MBD
• MBD challenges due to complexity and
scale
• Solution
• Questions
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Introduction
• Data Definition Management: definitions of variables and parameters in model and resulting code
• Architecture Management: defining, managing instances of a reference architecture
– interfaces, execution order & rate, etc.
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Model-Based Design
• The use of control algorithm models and
plant models to develop robust embedded
control systems
• Relatively unconstrained solutions to fully
implementable solutions via generated
code for the target platform
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Challenges
• Complexity: Typical powertrain application has 120 different features. Average of 36 applications released per model year.
• Scale: Over 200 developers. Some features/components come from module vendors.
• Not all artifacts are in Simulink/Stateflow
– Plant models, legacy code, …
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Exponential Data Complexity
36 APPLICATIONS
120 FEATURES
10,000 SIGNALS
200 DEVELOPERS
Engine ECU (Per Model-Year )
30,000 CAL PARAMS
… AND WITH CHANGING
ARCHITECTURES, INTERFACES
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Solution
• Client/server tool for managing sets of data definitions– definitions can be versioned
• Use same tool to define membership and interfaces for applications, sub-systems and features– Check instance of sub-system versus reference
architecture description for sub-system• All inputs and outputs resolve within the sub-system
• Standalone so that it can be used with multiple modeling tools– Matlab, Modelica, AMESim, GTPower,…
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Data definition management
• Manage data definitions
– Version control
– Recreate history of objects, releases
• Share data definitions across tools and developers enabling collaboration
• Fewer defects due to coordination of definition changes
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Conceptual Overview
Local Server Local ServerLocal Server
• Global Cooperative
Editing
• Standalone Operation
UniPhi Server
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Editing Workflow Overview
UniPhi Server
update
Data Type: uint8 vs uint16
revert
For Each Commit
• Who?
• What?
• Why?
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Pool Overview
Server:
0..n Pools
Signals
Parameters
Data Types
Abstractions / Reports
Feature / Rate Definitions
Tags
Links
APIEverything you need to simulate or
generate code.
Models
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Database Features Overview
See exactly what
changed across
multiple points in
time.MYxy PCM
released
now
15 years ago
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Architecture Management
• Problem Statement for Architecture Process:– Feature interfaces not well documented outside of
actual c-code or model implementation• No precise way to communicate interface requirements
• No easy way to analytically predict interface incompatibilities prior to final build
– Features can access any variable or parameter from any other feature
• Organizations support multiple controls architectures, each containing a different set of features
• Difficult for feature engineers to understand the various architectures they must deal with
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Architecture Solution
• A tool that provides a central repository for architecture artifacts, allowing engineers to make informed architecture decisions during the implementation of their features and subsystems.
• These artifacts are:– Reference Application Architectures
– Reference Subsystems ( Reference Application Architectures are composed of Reference Subsystems )
– Reference Features ( Reference Subsystems are composed of Reference Features )
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Visual Aid for Architecture
Application
Run-Time
Support
Sub-System
F F F F
Sub-System
F F F
Sub-System
F F F F
Sub-System
F F F
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Research & Advanced Engineering
How does it work?
• The architecture team defines a reference representation of an architecture. The properties of areference architecture are:– The set of Subsystems/Features defined in the
architecture
– The set of control signals (time and event-based triggers) available in the architecture
– The set of I/O signals exchanged between subsystems/features
• The developers can then create instances of the reference architectures and compare to ensure compliance.
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Reference vs Instance
Reference: Air-Path Management
Throttle VCT Wastegate EGR
Instance: Air-Path Management A
Throttle VCT Wastegate
Instance: Air-Path Management B
Throttle VCT EGR
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Illustration of Sub-System Analysis
Subsystem A
Features
Inputs
Outputs
Triggers
UniPhi
“Shaker Box”
Reference Subsystem Feature Implementations
Feature X
Inputs
Outputs
Triggers
Pass / Fail Report:
- Are feature(s) included in
the subsystem ?
- Are Feature subsystem
interfaces satisfied ?
V2
X2017.0
3.0
0
X2017.0
3.0
0
X2017.0
0.0
0
Feature YFeature Z
UniPhi
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Research & Advanced Engineering
UniPhi: Complexity Visualization
VISUALIZE WHAT I WANT
ANY WAY I NEED TO SEE IT
e.g. SHOW ME ALL DEPENDENCIES
FOR THIS SIGNAL
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Research & Advanced Engineering
Summary
• The ability to manage and share sets of data definitions is essential to successfully support implementation of large scale MBD and eliminate errors.
• Architecture management is essential to enable early checking of interfaces and assemblies of features while in the modeling phase.
• Ultimately this leads to assembling models from components, architecture descriptions and data definitions.