cleanstream ® service capabilities 1. 2 © 2013 halliburton. all rights reserved. mobile bacteria...
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CleanStream® Service Capabilities
1
2 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
• Mobile bacteria control which uses ultraviolet light technology
• Minimize or eliminate need for biocides
DNA Before Exposure
DNA After Exposure
Ultraviolet
CleanStream® Service
3 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
History of Ultraviolet Disinfection
1801-
1892-
• Johann Ritter discovered "UltraViolet" light • Marshall Ward discovered UV light kills bacteria
1976-
1992-
• UV used for drinking water treatment• UV treatment for wastewater
2006-
• New water standards required by EPA (conventional treatment insufficient)
4 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
CleanStream® Service – Benefits
Control bacteria growth in fracturing fluids
Reduce or eliminate volume of chemical biocide required
Provides inherent HSE advantage by reducing transport and handling of chemicals
5 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Frac Tanks
Blender
CleanStream® Trailer – Rig-Up
Blender suction pump pulls fluid through the CleanStream unit
8 bpm per suction hose
100 bpm max rate
6 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2nd Generation CleanStream® Trailer – Rig-Up Blender suction pump pulls fluid
through the CleanStream unit
8 bpm per 4” suction hose
118 bpm max rate
Manifolding enables rig-up parallel to blender or frac tanks
Addition of ACE controls
7 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
UV Light Chamber
8 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
UV Lamps
Mercury-vapor electric lamps Commercially available
– Medium pressure– 5.8 psi to 580 psi– Output 240 – 280 nm
wavelength Housed within quartz sleeve
– 90% or greater UV transmittance
9 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
UV Light Disinfection
• Fast-acting• Broad spectrum of activity• Non-chemical treatment
• Dependent on fluid turbidity and transmittance
• No residual kill
10 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Solutions to Limitations
Effectiveness dependent on UV transmittance– Test prior to job – Test during each stage of well– Bring biocide as back-up– Adjust blend with fresh water
No residual kill– Run reduced biocide
concentration• i.e. 0.1 – 0.2 gpt BE-9
Flowback Water to Fresh Water Transmittance
% of Flowback Water
% of Fresh Water
% Transmittance
10 90 55.3
20 80 46.6
30 70 38.5
40 60 33.2
50 50 29.4
60 40 27.7
70 30 22.7
80 20 20.0
90 10 17.9
100 0 12.4
11 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Lab Testing
Pre-job Testing– Transmittance test– Serial dilution test
On-the-job Testing– Transmittance test– Serial dilution test– ATP test
12 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Transmittance
Figure Provided by Aquionics
Measurement of the amount of light that penetrates through water
Tested with spectrophotometer in pre-job and on location testing
13 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
CleanStream® Unit Operating Range
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
UV-Transmittance (%)
Flo
w R
ate
(bb
l/min
)
CleanStream Operating Range
Operating Range Exceeded
14 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Serial Dilution Testing
Aerobic phenol red vials
Anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) vials
Incubated for 72 hours
Yellow color change when aerobic bacteria present
Black iron sulfide precipitate when sulfate-reducing bacteria present
15 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Serial Dilution Test Example100% Reduction in Aerobic and SRB Bacteria
16 © 2013 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Additional Information
SPE 125665 SPE 126851 SPE 133368 SPE 142217 SPE 149445 SPE 153867