clean slate design for internet video delivery
TRANSCRIPT
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Clean Slate DesignClean Slate Designfor Internet Video Deliveryfor Internet Video Delivery
Clean Slate DesignClean Slate Designfor Internet Video Deliveryfor Internet Video Delivery
Bernd GirodBernd GirodXiXiaoqing Zhuaoqing Zhu
Information Systems LaboratoryInformation Systems LaboratoryStanford UniversityStanford University
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22B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
1.22 MTUR
RTT p
1.22 MTUR
RTT p
How 1B Users Share the InternetHow 1B Users Share the Internet
maximum transfer
unit
roundtrip time
packetloss rate
data rate
[Mahdavi, Floyd, 1997]
[Floyd, Handley, Padhye, Widmer, 2000]
Rate R
Growing congestion
p0.0010.0001 0.10.01
TCP Throughput
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33B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Evolving IP Traffic MixEvolving IP Traffic Mix
Elastic traffic : File Sharing, P2P Traffic, www
Low-latency real-time traffic: VoIP, Video-Conferencing, GamingReal-time traffic: Audio-Streaming, Web-Cam-Usage, PVR, Video, TVoDSL
fig
ure
s fo
r G
erm
any o
nly
Revenues:
Real-time traffic
Revenues:
Elastic traffic
97%
80%
63%
45%
23%11%
11%
16%
20%
71% 89%
9%21%
35% 33%19%
4%
43%
1%1% 7%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
97%
80%
63%
45%
23%11%
11%
16%
20%
71% 89%
9%21%
35% 33%19%
4%
43%
1%1% 7%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Revenues
[Mio
USD
]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Source: IP 2010, IDC, ScreenDigest, Ovum, DETECON
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44B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Outline of this TalkOutline of this Talk
• Resource allocation for video streaming• Distribution of video over wireless home networks• Centralized resource allocation• Fairness anomalies in CSMA/CA WLANs• Cross-layer distributed resource allocation
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55B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 400024
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44Y-
PSNR
in d
B
encoding rate in kbps
mobile
foreman
How 2 Videos Share a LinkHow 2 Videos Share a Link
Foreman
Mobile
Goodpicturequality
Badpicturequality
C = 4 Mbps
Same rate:• TCP-friendly “fair” sharing• Media-oblivious• Unbalanced quality
Same quality:• Media-aware resource allocation• Better utilization of bandwidth
Maximum Total Utility:• Media-aware resource allocation• Must know utility function• Pareto equal-slope condition
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66B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distribution of TV over WLANDistribution of TV over WLAN
6 Mbps
12 Mbps
54 Mbps
Home MediaGateway
HDTVtablet
SDTV
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77B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distribution of TV over WLANDistribution of TV over WLAN
DecoderTranscoder
Controller
Wireless terminals
NetworkInterfaceTranscoder
Transcoder
…
…
…
Decoder
Decoder
…
c0
c1
cM
0
1
M
0
1
M
Receiver
(Multi-Channel)
[Kalman, van Beek, Girod 2005]
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88B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
1 2 3 4 55
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
time in seconds
Y-P
SN
R in
dB
Dynamic Estimation of R-D CurveDynamic Estimation of R-D Curve
Parameters track weighted average of last I-Frame, P-Frame and B-Frame
Scene cuts
[Stuhlmüller et al. 2000]
00
D DR R
0
0
D DR R
R-D Model
Rate
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99B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
2000
4000
ch
an
ne
l ca
pa
city
in
kb
s
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
0.5
1
ch
an
ne
l-tim
e
allo
ca
tio
n
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
1000
2000
tra
nsco
de
d
rate
in
kb
ps
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
5
10
15
ba
cklo
g in
fra
me
s
0 5 10 15 20 25 3010
20
30
40
50
Y-P
SN
R
in
dB
time in seconds
Mean PSNR: 31 dB
802.11b Transmission of 2 Video Streams802.11b Transmission of 2 Video Streams
Linkrates
[kbps]
Channeltime
allocation
Transcoderbit-rate[kbps]
Backlogin frames
PSNRin dB
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1010B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Wireless Video NetworkingWireless Video Networking
Distributed protocol needed
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1111B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
UDP ThroughputUDP Throughput
54Mbps
) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) )
Stream 2
Stream 1
6 ~ 54 Mbps
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1212B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
TCP ThroughputTCP Throughput
54Mbps
) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) )
Stream 2
Stream 1
6 ~ 54 Mbps
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1313B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distributed Resource Allocation in Distributed Resource Allocation in Wireless Mesh NetworksWireless Mesh Networks
DST1
SRC1
DST2
SRC2
Link state monitorFlows, link speeds, and
advertized rates in interference set
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1414B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distributed Resource Allocation in Distributed Resource Allocation in Wireless Mesh NetworksWireless Mesh Networks
DST1
SRC1
DST2
SRC2
Link state monitorFlows, link speeds, and
advertized rates in interference set
Interference set:All links that can overheardby Tx or Rx node of a link
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1515B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distributed Resource Allocation in Distributed Resource Allocation in Wireless Mesh NetworksWireless Mesh Networks
DST1
SRC1
DST2
SRC2
Rate control agentAdjust trade-off
between utility and congestion
Packet header:• Advertize rate• Collect link states
ACK packets:• report received packets• report congestion
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1616B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Distributed vs. Centralized Rate ControlDistributed vs. Centralized Rate Control
A
B
C
54Mbps
6…54 Mbps
54Mbps
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1717B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Wireless Streaming of HDTV and SDTVWireless Streaming of HDTV and SDTV
54Mbps
) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) )
Stream 2
Stream 1
6 Mbps
Harbor (HDTV 1280x720p, 60fps)
Ice (SDTV/4CIF 704x576p, 30fps)
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1818B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Cross-Layer Allocation: 41.3 dB TFRC: 43.8 dB
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1919B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video DeliveryTFRC: 32.0 dB
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2020B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video DeliveryCross-Layer Allocation: 37.3 dB
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2121B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Cross-Layer AllocationTFRC
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2222B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery
Lessons for Clean Slate DesignLessons for Clean Slate Design• TCP/TFRC resource allocation can be improved
– by incorporating application’s utility functions– by network-awareness
• Distributed rate allocation: – Monitor and report link states to the sender– For wireless, not enough to monitor links along route– Rate advertising greatly improves convergence– Utility function only needed at the source
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The EndThe EndThe EndThe Endhttp://www.stanford.edu/~bgirod/publications.htmlhttp://www.stanford.edu/~bgirod/publications.html