Clauses and Phrase

Phrases

• PhrasesPhrases- a group of words. There are three types of phrases: •Prepositional- starts with a preposition

and ends with a noun or pronoun. It will never contain the subject or verb of the sentences.

• Adjectival Phrase- phrase that acts as an adjective and modifies a noun.

• Adverbial Phrase- phrase that acts as an adverb and modifies a verb.

Practice:

• Identify the phrase as adjectival, adverbial, or prepositional.

1. It is of no use. 2. Joe buys flowers for his wife every week. 3. Sunday is the longest day. 4. I can’t finish the report without the numbers. 5. I was whisked into a secret chamber. 6. Toby placed the chair next to the window. 7. The local police are talking to Tom. 8. We hardly ever use the microwave.

Clauses

• Clauses- a group of words containing a subject and verb.

Two types: 1. Independent- can stand alone 2. Dependent- cannot stand alone and contains a subordinating conjunction.

Sentences

1. Simple- contains one independent clause.

The class was very boring.

2. Compound- contains two independent clauses separated by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

The class was very boringThe class was very boring,, butbut it was it was very important. very important.

S V

SS VV VVSS

Sentences (Cont)

3. Complex- contains an independent clause and a dependent clause as well as a subordinating conjunction.

AsAs the students were watching the movie,

the teacher left the class.

The teacher left the class as the students

were watching the movie.

Dep. Dep. + + Indep.Indep. SS

SS

VV

VV

Indep.Indep.+ + Dep. Dep.

Video- Clauses

Practice

• Worksheet- review• Game- partners: create simple,

compound, and complex sentences• Game- musical sentences

Dependent Clauses

• Dependent clauses are off set by a subordinating conjunction- it is due to this conjunction that the clause is considered dependent. There are three different types of dependent clauses: 1. Adverb2. Adjective3. Noun

Adverb Clauses

• Acts as an adverb- modifies a verb. • Subordinating Conjunctions: After,

Although, As, Before, Because, If, Since, Until, When, While

• Examples: The elevator will not move until the doors are

closed. No one may enter the room while the red

light is on.

Adjective Clauses

• Acts as an adjective- modifies a noun. • Subordinating Conjunctions: That, Which,

Who, Whom, Whose- Who, Whom, Whose= Describe People- That, Which = Describe Things.

• Examples: Dad needs a secretary who can speak Portuguese. Grandpa still had the first dollar that he ever earned.

Noun Clauses

• Acts as a noun or replaces a noun. • Subordinating Conjunctions: who,

whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, when, whether, where, how, why.

• Examples: What happened next surprised us all. The real surprise is how the movie ends.