CLASSIFICATIONREVIEW

Chapter 18

Name the 3 domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Organisms are divided into the 3 DOMAINS based on the kind of________________ they have.Ribosomal RNA

Name this diagram used to show

evolutionary relationships

between organisms

cladogram

Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg

Name the 6 KingdomsEubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista,Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Which kingdoms belong in the DOMAIN EUKARYA?

Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

______________

______________

_______________

_______________

Name the KINGDOM for each of these:

Protista

Animalia

Plantae

Archaebacteria

______________

______________

_______________

Name the Kingdom for each of these:

Fungi

Eubacteria

Animalia

Bacteria that “like” living in HOT

environments like volcano vents

thermophiles

Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

TAXON

Bacteria that “like” living in

very SALTY environments

halophiles

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

Binomial nomenclature

The evolutionary history of an

organism phylogeny

Diagram that shows evolutionaryrelationship based on comparing derived characters

cladogram

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members

Derived characters

The science of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a unique universally accepted scientific name

taxonomy

Large taxonomic group made up of closely related phyla; top level in Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy Kingdom

Method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history

Evolutionary classification

Group of closely related classes

Phylum (pl. phyla)

Model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently

Molecular clock

Group of similar orders CLASS

Most inclusive taxonomic category based on ribosomal RNA; larger than a kingdom

DOMAIN

Group of similar families

ORDER

Swedish botanist who came up witha classification system that groups organisms in a 7 level hierarchy and gives each a 2 part scientific name

Carolus Linnaeus

Group of genera (plural of genus) that share many characteristics

FAMILY

Greek philosopher and teacher thatcame up with the first classificationsystem that separated organisms into2 groups … plants or animals

Aristotle

The first part of a 2 part scientific

name genus

Polysaccharide molecule used in plant cell walls to make them sturdy

cellulose

The second part of a two partscientific name

Species identifier

Hereditary information found inall living things

DNA

Kingdom that includes all prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Eubacteria

Kingdom that includes all multicellulareukaryotic heterotrophs with no cellwalls or chloroplasts

Animalia

Kingdom with includes heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitin in their cell walls

Fungi

Kingdom that includes multicellulareukaryotes that have chloroplasts forphotosynthesis and have cell walls made of cellulose

Plantae

Kingdom that includes prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls Archaebacteria

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi;Some have cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts

Protista

The scientific name for red maple is

Acer rubrum. To which species does it belong?

rubrum

Silly phrase that will help you toremember the 7 hierarchy levels in Linnaeus’s classification system.Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach.Kings play chess on fat green stools.

NAME the 7 taxonomic levels in Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order starting with the largest

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

KingdomPhylumClass

OrderFamily

GenusSpecies

Name the original Kingdom in the 5-Kingdom system that was split into 2 separate bacterial kingdoms

MONERA

Name the two kingdoms thatresulted from this split

Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

The scientific name for red maple is

Acer rubrum. To which genus does it belong?

Acer

The correct way to write the scientific name for lion is ________ Panthera leo panthera leo Panthera Leo Panthera leo

Panthera leo or Panthera leo

1st name capitalized, second name lower case,Underlined or in italics

Name the 6 Kingdoms used to classify organisms today

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

The correct scientific name for humansis _______ ________Homo sapiens

(OR Homo sapiens)

Name the two languages used

by scientists when coming up with a scientific name

Greek & Latin

Suppose you discover a new single-celled organism. It has a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Into which Kingdom would you place it?

PROTISTA- unicellular, eukaryote, with chloroplasts

Which of thefollowing is true?

TRUE Roaches and mantids share a more recent common ancestor than do roaches and termites.

Roaches and mantids share a more recent common ancestor than do termites and mantids.

Termites, roaches, and mantids share a common ancestor.

TRUE

TRUE

Both snakes and worms are tube-shaped with no legs. How could you determine if their

similarity in shape means that they share a recent common ancestor?

Examine internal structures to see if similar;Compare DNA to look for similarities

What must you know about a

prokaryote to know which domain it belongs in?

Does its cell wall have peptidoglycan?

Give an example of an organism in the fungi kingdom.

Mushrooms, yeast, mold

______________

______________

_______________

_______________

Name the DOMAIN for each of these:

Eukarya

Eukarya

Eukarya

Archaea

______________

______________

_______________

Name the DOMAIN for each of these:

Eukarya

Bacteria

Eukarya

Polymer made of sugars and amino acidsfound outside the cell membrane ineubacteria = ___________________PEPTIDOGLYCAN

http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=481

Classification system that groups

organisms and shows evolutionary

relationships based on shared “derived characters” ______________________Cladistics

Molecule found in the cell walls ofFUNGI that makes them different from plants

chitin

Give an example of an organism

in the Archaebacteria kingdom.

Halophiles, thermophiles,

A cell with a nucleus

eukaryote

Organisms are grouped into DOMAINS based on _________________.

Ribosomal RNA

Organisms in the Archaebacteria kingdom belong in the ______________ domain.Archaea

Organism that can make its ownfood using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

autotroph

Cell with out a nucleus

prokaryote

Would a barnacle’s DNA be more

like the DNA of a crab or a limpet?

CRAB- barnacles look like limpetsBut share many more characteristics with crustaceans including their DNA

Which gene is shared by bothyeast and humans and suggests acommon ancestor?

Myosin – muscle protein

______________

______________

_______________

Name the KINGDOM for each of these:

EUBACTERIA

FUNGI

ANIMALIA

Includes PROKARYOTESwith peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Includes HETEROTROPHICEUKARYOTES with CHITINin their cell walls

Includes HETEROTROPHICEUKARYOTES withoutchloroplasts or cell walls

______________

______________

_______________

Name the KINGDOM for each of these:

ARCHAEBACTERIA

PLANTAE

PROTISTA

Includes PROKARYOTESWITHOUT peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Includes AUTOTROPHICEUKARYOTES with chloroplasts& cellulose in their cell walls

Includes EUKARYOTES (some with chloroplasts and celluloseIn their cell walls) that aren’t plants, animals,or fungi

Which DOMAIN includes all the living things whose cell have a nucleus?

Eukarya

Which kingdom includes the most diverse group of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?

Protista

Look at the diagram above comparing DNA sequences. The colored segments show differences in DNA 

B and C; these have fewer differences than A and C OR A and B

Which two species are more closely related?

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Name the gene found on both humans and yeast that suggest these two organisms have a common ancestor.

myosin

What unique characteristic shared by American vultures and storks caused scientists to examine their DNA for relatedness?

They both urinate on their legs to cool off

Which DOMAIN includes all the living things whose cells have a nucleus?

Eukarya

Which kingdom includes the most diverse group of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?

Protista

THE END