classification of matter mrs. d’anton. vocabulary review game rules: family feud style 1. class is...
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MRS. D’Anton
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VOCABULARY REVIEW GAME
RULES: FAMILY FEUD STYLE
1. Class is divided into 2 teams.
2. Each team sends 1 representative to the whiteboard.
3. A definition is projected and read aloud.
4. The first person to correctly spell the word on the white board, and pronounce correctly, gets the point.
5. The second team may steal if there is an incorrect spelling or pronunciation.
6. Class should check their homework and ensure the correct spelling of the word and definition is written in their notes during the game.
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it ca consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together.
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of this have the same atomic number
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
Describes something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
A substance made up of atoms or 2 or more different elements joined together by chemical bonds
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VOCABULARY WORD CLUE
Composed of dissimilar components.
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CLASSIFYING MATTER
Everything is composed of matter.
-Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
-Matter exists in different forms, so classification is important when studying it.
-In chemistry, classification can help you predict what characteristics a sample may have based on others like it.
Example: By analyzing the properties of salt and water, we can predict how salt water may behave
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PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES - Physical properties - characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
- Chemical properties - relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Can you name some physical properties of this cupcake?
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PHYSICAL PROPERTY EXAMPLES - Color
- State
- Texture
- Melting Point
- Boiling Point
- Size
- Shape
- Mass
- Volume
- Density
- Hardness
- Magnetic Properties
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CHEMICAL PROPERTY EXAMPLES - Flammability
- Reactivity
- Toxicity
Sample Statements:
- Burns in air
- Gold does not react with oxygen
- Toxic when mixed with x.
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MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Matter can be in any state. Solid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma*
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PURE SUBSTANCESElement composed of identical atoms Can exist as single atoms, molecules or as allotropes. EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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PURE SUBSTANCESCompound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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MIXTURES Variable combination of two or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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Elements
only one kindof atom; atomsare bonded itthe element
is diatomic orpolyatomic
Compounds
two ormore kindsof atomsthat arebonded.
substancewith
definitemakeup
andproperties
Mixtures
two or moresubstances
that are physicallymixed and retain
properties of original substances.
Can be mixed in various ratios
two ormore
kinds ofatoms
Both elements and compounds have a definite makeup and definite properties.
Packard, Jacobs, Marshall, Chemistry Pearson AGS Globe, page (Figure 2.4.1)
COMPARING/CONTRASTING TYPES OF MATTER
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LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements
Compounds are always represented by an abbreviation or formula.
Example:
The molecular formula of H2O shows that water molecules always have 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom.
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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
Elements combine in different ratios to form different compounds.
Carbon, C Oxygen, O Carbon monoxide, CO
Carbon, C Oxygen, O Oxygen, O Carbon dioxide, CO2
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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MORE ON MIXTURES
A sample of matter than contains two or more pure substances is a mixture.
Examples:
- Air
- Sweetened Ice Tea
- Salad
- Salt Water
- Milk
- Alloy
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TYPES OF MIXTURES: SOLUTIONSOLUTION Homogeneous mixture Very small particles- uniform distribution No Tyndall effect
Tyndall Effect
– particles don’t settle– EX: rubbing alcohol
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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MIXTURESCOLLOID Heterogeneous Mixtue Medium-sized particles Tyndall effect Particles don’t settle (suspended) EX: milk
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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MIXTURESSUSPENSION Heterogeneous Mixture Large particles Tyndall effect Particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed
lemonade /orange juice
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
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IDENTIFY THE SUBSTANCE
hydrogenatoms
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IDENTIFY THE SUBSTANCE
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IDENTIFY THE SUBSTANCE
hydrogenatoms
oxygen atoms
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IDENTIFY THE SUBSTANCE
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LET’S PRACTICE – PROBLEM #7 #7. Identify each of the following as an element, compound, homogenous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
- CH4
- S8
-Distilled Water
- Salt Water
- CH2O
- Concrete
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INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
Please try the following:
#5. What is the smallest number of elements needed to make a compound?
Please try the following:
# 14. Four different containers are labeled C + O2, CO, CO2 and Co. Based on these labels, classify each as a:
- compound
-element
-heterogeneous mixture
-homogeneous mixture