CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• ABOUT HOW MANY LIVING THINGS EXIST ON EARTH?– 1.5 MILLION KNOWN ORGANISMS– THOUSANDS MORE IDENTIFIED EACH YEAR– ABOUT 10 MILLION DIFFERENT ORGANISMS

BELIEVED TO EXIST ON EARTH

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• WITH SO MANY DIFFERENT LIVING THINGS, IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SCIENTISTS TO ORGANIZE THEM TO MAKE IT EASIER TO SHARE, AND STUDY, INFORMATION ABOUT LIVING THINGS

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH CLASSIFICATION (GROUPING) AND NAMING LIVING THINGS IS CALLED…

• TAXONOMY

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• WHY ORGANIZE??

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• EARLY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• MODERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BASED UPON THE WORK OF CAROLUS LINNAEUS

• ISN’T HE A HOTTIE?!?!?

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• IF YOU WERE TO GROUP THINGS TOGETHER, WHAT WOULD YOU USE?

• LINNAEUS GROUPED THINGS BASED ON PHYSICAL(STRUCTURAL) SIMILARITY

• DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GROUPS WERE CREATED TO DEMONSTRATE VARIOUS LEVELS OF SIMILARITY

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES– KINGSPLAYCHESSONFLATGLASSSQUARES

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• A BONUS OF THIS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IS THAT IT LED TO A SIMPLE METHOD FOR NOMENCLATURE = “NAMING SYSTEM”

• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE– TWO NAME NAMING SYSTEM– TWO NAMES COME FROM THE GENUS AND

SPECIES GROUPS OF CLASSIFICATION– SCIENTIFIC NAME• WHY IS THIS SO IMPORTANT??

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• WHAT MAKES LIVING THINGS THE SAME SPECIES?– SPECIES• A POPULATION OF ORGANISMS THAT IS ABLE TO

REPRODUCE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• MODERN TAXONOMICAL PRINCIPLES– STRUCTURAL INFORMATION– BIOCHEMICAL

INFORMATION– CYTOLOGICAL

INFORMATION– EMBRYOLOGICAL

INFORMATION– BEHAVIORAL INFORMATION– FOSSIL INFORMATION

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• MAJOR TAXONOMICAL GROUPS

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• KINGDOM – MONERA– PROKARYOTES– ARCHAEBACTERIA

VS.EUBACTERIA

• KINGDOM – PROTISTA– EUKARYOTE– AMEBA – PARAMECIUM – EUGLENA

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• KINGDOM – FUNGI– EUKARYOTES– HETEROTROPH– CELL WALL

• KINGDOM – PLANTS– EUKARYOTES– AUTOTROPH– CELL WALL

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• KINGDOM – ANIMALS– EUKARYOTES– HETEROTROPH– REPRESENTATIVE

ORGANISMS• HYDRA• EARTHWORM• GRASSHOPPER• HUMAN

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• WITH GROUPS MADE, SCIENTISTS USE TAXONOMIC KEYS TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• CLASSIFICATION / GROUPING ALLOWS US TO ORGANIZE HOW WE STUDY BIOLOGY

• LIFE’SHIERARCHY

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

• LIFE’S HIERARCHYGIVES US A PLACETO START DISCUSSINGTHE SPECIFICSOF HOW LIFE WORKS…SO LET’S GET TO IT!!!