classification notes
DESCRIPTION
Classification Notes. Why do we classify?. Classification puts organisms into groups by looking at characteristics (traits) they share. Taxonomy. Classifying living things into groups based on their body structures (anatomy), DNA or other traits. Carolus Linneaus. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Classification Classification Notes Notes
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Why do we classify?Why do we classify?
Classification puts organisms into groups Classification puts organisms into groups by looking at characteristics (traits) they by looking at characteristics (traits) they share.share.
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TaxonomyTaxonomy
Classifying Classifying living things into living things into groups based groups based on their body on their body structures structures (anatomy), DNA (anatomy), DNA or other traits.or other traits.
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Carolus LinneausCarolus Linneaus Swedish botanist, Swedish botanist,
lived 1707-1778lived 1707-1778 Invented Invented binomial binomial
nomenclaturenomenclature, the 2-, the 2-word naming system word naming system we still use today to we still use today to classify organismsclassify organisms
Called “the father of Called “the father of taxonomy.”taxonomy.”
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BiBinomial Nomenclaturenomial Nomenclature
Gives a unique Gives a unique 22-word, Latin, scientific -word, Latin, scientific name to all living thingsname to all living things
Genus is capitalized; species is not; both Genus is capitalized; species is not; both are are italicizeditalicized
Examples: Examples: Homo sapiens = humanHomo sapiens = human
Felis domesticus = catFelis domesticus = cat
Panthera tigris = tigerPanthera tigris = tiger
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TURN & TALKTURN & TALK
What are these animals’ scientific What are these animals’ scientific names?names? Common
nameChimpanzee Paramecium
Domain Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Protista
Phylum Chordata Ciliophora
Class Mammalia Ciliatea
Order Primates Peniculida
Family Hominidae Paramecidae
Genus Pan Paramecium
species troglodytes caudatum
(scientific name) ? ?
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What would you call this creature?
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Why are scientific names Why are scientific names better than common better than common names?names?
Ex: pill bug, rolly polly, potato bugEx: pill bug, rolly polly, potato bug CommonCommon names for the same species names for the same species
are different and confusingare different and confusing Binomial Nomenclature uses Binomial Nomenclature uses LatinLatin (a (a
“dead” unchanging language) that is “dead” unchanging language) that is understood by scientists understood by scientists worldwideworldwide
Scientific Name: Scientific Name: Armadillidium vulgareArmadillidium vulgare
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8 taxa of classification:8 taxa of classification:
1.1. DomainDomain
2.2. KingdomKingdom
3.3. PhylumPhylum
4.4. ClassClass
5.5. OrderOrder
6.6. FamilyFamily
7.7. Genus Genus
8.8. SpeciesSpecies
Binomial name or
Scientific Name
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8 taxa of classification8 taxa of classificationDOMAIN
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““Trick” to remember the 8 Trick” to remember the 8 taxa of classification:taxa of classification:
DDumb
KKinging
PPhilliphillip
CCameame
OOverver FForor GGraperape SSodaoda
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SpeciesSpecies Species is the Species is the
smallest, most smallest, most specific group in specific group in classificationclassification
Organisms in the Organisms in the same species can same species can reproduce together reproduce together AND their offspring AND their offspring are fertile.are fertile.
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Tool: PhylogenyTool: Phylogenya “family tree” that classifies a “family tree” that classifies organisms by their evolutionary organisms by their evolutionary historyhistory
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Tool: CladogramTool: Cladogram Shows older traits (bottom)Shows older traits (bottom) Shows newer or “derived” traits (top)Shows newer or “derived” traits (top)
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Tool: Tool: DiDichotomous Keychotomous Key Helps identify organismsHelps identify organisms Questions with Questions with 2 2 answer choices lead answer choices lead
you through the you through the keykey until you find the until you find the correct organismcorrect organism
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VocabularyVocabulary
These are words you must know when These are words you must know when classifying organisms.classifying organisms.
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prokaryoteprokaryote
• Organism that doesn’t have a Organism that doesn’t have a nucleusnucleus
• Its DNA is “loose” inside the cellIts DNA is “loose” inside the cell
• All bacteria are prokaryotes.All bacteria are prokaryotes.
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EukaryoteEukaryote
• An organism that has a nuceus An organism that has a nuceus with DNA inside.with DNA inside.
• All protists, fungi, plants & All protists, fungi, plants & animals are eukaryotes.animals are eukaryotes.
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HHeterotropheterotroph
An organism that An organism that hhas to eat or consume as to eat or consume nutrition.nutrition.
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AutoAutotrophtroph
An organism that An organism that autoautomatically feeds matically feeds itself. itself.
It makes its own food by photosynthesis It makes its own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.or chemosynthesis.
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unicellularunicellular
An organism with only 1 cellAn organism with only 1 cell
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What does What does multicellular multicellular mean?mean?• Having more than one cellHaving more than one cell
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Cell wallCell wall
A hard covering outside the cell A hard covering outside the cell membrane.membrane.
Cells of bacteria, fungi and plants have Cells of bacteria, fungi and plants have cell walls.cell walls.
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Cell membraneCell membrane
A flexible covering outside of all cells!A flexible covering outside of all cells! All organisms All organisms have cell membranes.have cell membranes. It lets good stuff pass in and keeps bad It lets good stuff pass in and keeps bad
things out.things out.
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motilemotile
Able to moveAble to move All animals, some bacteria & protists are All animals, some bacteria & protists are
motile.motile.
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sessilesessile
Not able to moveNot able to move All plants are sessile. All plants are sessile.
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Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction
Involves 2 parentsInvolves 2 parents Some sexual reproduction takes place Some sexual reproduction takes place
outside the parents’ bodies. They don’t outside the parents’ bodies. They don’t touch!touch!
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Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction
Involves only 1 parent.Involves only 1 parent. Examples: 1 bacterium divides to make 2 Examples: 1 bacterium divides to make 2
bacteriabacteria