GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/ ADVERSE

REACTIONNURSING

CONSIDERATION

Ciprofloxacin

BRAND NAMECiprobay

DOSAGE250-500mg BID

Infections of the resp. tract, middle ear,paranasal sinuses, eyes, kidneys, urinary tract

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase thus preventing replication in susceptible bacteria

Drugs that inhibit peristalsis. Infants and children, growing adolescents. Pregnancy and lactation

PRECAUTIONSevere and persistent diarrhea during and after treatment

ADVERSE RXNCommon:Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, rashUncommon:Anorexia, headache,dizziness, fever, GI and abdominal pain, flatulence, confusion, vertigo

>Assess pt for previous sensitivity reaction>Assess pt for any s/s of infection before & during treatment>Assess for adverse reactions >assess pt. & family’s knowledge of drug therapy

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-Laxatives

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTIONNURSING CONSIDERATION

LACTULOSE

BRAND NAME

Constipation, salmonellosis. Treatment of

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Pt who require a low lactose diet. Galactosemia

PRECAUTION:Lactose intolerance,

>Assess condition before therapy and reassess regularly thereafter to

KARLEEN L. JARO

duphalac

DOSAGEInfants: 5 mlChildren:1-6 y/o- 5-10ml 7-14y/o- 15ml15-45y/o- 15-30ml.

Dose given in 3 days

hepatic encephalopathy

thus preventing replication in susceptible bacteria

deficiency. Intestinal obstruction.

diabetes

Adverse Rxn:Abdominal discomfort associated with flatulence and intestinal cramps. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea on prolonged use

monitor drug’s effectiveness >Monitor pt for any adverse GI reactions, nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,>Assess for adverse reactions >for pt. with hepatic encelopathy: regularly assess mental condition>monitor I & O

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Penicillins

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTIONNURSING

CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO

Amoxicillin

BRAND NAMEAmoxil

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mg every 8 hoursChildren: 20-40mg/kg/day divided dosage given every 8 hrs

Infections of the resp. tract, skin & skin structures,paranasal sinuses, genitourinary tract, otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis,septicemia

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis during replication.

Hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins. Not used to treat pneumonia, bacteremia pericarditis during acute stage.

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivity: rxn range from mild to life threatening

ADVERSE RXN:Dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, skin rashes, itchy eyes, sore or dry mouth, abnormal taste sensation,

>obtain pt’s hx of allergy >Assess pt for any s/s of infection >Assess for pt’s sensitivity to penicillin ot other cepalosporins >assess for allergic rxn during therapy>Assess for bowelpattern,

.

Classification: ANTI-DIARRHEALS

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTIONNURSING

CONSIDERATION

Loperamide HCl

BRAND NAMEIMODIUM

DOSAGEAdult: initially 2 cap; subsequent dose a cap after every stool

Symptomatic control of acute and chronic diarrhea

Acts on the nerve endings &/or intramural ganglia of the intestinal wall to decrease intestinal motility, resulting to prolonged retention of feces in the intestines

Those in whom constipation must be avoided, children less than 1 yr, hypersensitivity, abdominal distention

PRECAUTION:Hepatic dysfunction, chronic diarrhea, dehydration

ADVERSE RXNHypersensitivity reactions, flatulence, abdominal pain, distention or discomfort, nausea and vomiting

>assess pt’s bowel pattern >check response after 48 hrs >Assess hydration>assess for abdominal distention>inform pt. that dry mouth may be relieved by frequent sips of water, hard candy or sugarless gum

Classification: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-Anti-anxiety

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTIONNURSING

CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO

DIAZEPAM

BRAND NAMEValium

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mg every 8 hoursChildren: 20-40mg/kg/day divided dosage given every 8 hrs

Symptomatic relief of anxiety, agitation, tension

Facilitates/ potentiates the inhibitory activity of GABA at the limbic system and reticular formation to reduce anxiety, promote calmness and sleep

Hypersensitivity. Dependence, withdrawal symptoms

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivity: cardiorespiratory insufficiency, pregnancy, lactation

ADVERSE RXNDizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, dependence, withdrawal reactions

> inform pt. that drug may be taken with food>advice pt. not to abruptly discontinue drug after long term use>advice pt. to avoid driving and activities that require alertness bec, drug can cause drowsiness>inform pt. that smoking may decrease effect

Classification: ANTI-ASTHMA

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/ ADVERSE

REACTIONNURSING

CONSIDERATION

Salbutamol

BRAND NAMEVentolin vilmax

DOSAGEAdult: 8mg tablet BIDPedia: 3-12 yrs4mg tab BID

Reversible airway obstruction including bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis

Facilitates/ potentiates the inhibitory activity of GABA at the limbic system and reticular formation to reduce anxiety, promote calmness and sleep

Hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Hyperthyroidism,DM, cardiovascular disease

ADVERSE RXNFine tremor of skeletal muscle, feeling of tension, a compensory small increase in heart rate, headache, muscle cramps

> drug may be decrese sensitivity of spirometry used for diagnosis of asthma>syrup may be taken as young as age 2>monitor for evidence of allergic rxn

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTIONNURSING CONSIDERATION

chloroquine

BRAND NAMEchlorofoz

DOSAGEAdult: initially four 250mg tablet followed by 2 tab after 6-8 hrs, then2 tab daily for 2 days

Antacid, calcium supplement, osteoporosis

Inhibits the perioxidative activity of heme, and disrupt its nonenzymatic polymerization to hemozin

Presence of retinal or visual field changes

PRECAUTION:Hepatic disease, alcoholism, monitor complete blood count

ADVERSE RXNHeadache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin eruptions

>advice pt that compliance with dosage schedule & duration of tx are necessary>caution pt to avoid alcohol while taking drug >assess hepatic status (dec. appetite,jaundice, dark urine>instruct pt to use sunglasses in bright sunlight

Classification: RESPIRATORY DRUGS- MUCOKINETICS/EXPECTORANTS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIO PRECAUTION/ NURSING

KARLEEN L. JARO

NADVERSE REACTION

CONSIDERATION

Carbocisteine

BRAND NAMELoviscol

DOSAGECapsule:Adult: 250mg 2 caps, 500mg 1 cap TIDSuspension:Adult – 15ml; Pedia: 6-12yrs: 5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 mlSyr: 6-12yrs: 10ml2-5 yrs: 2.5ml

Acute/chronic disorders of the upper & lower respiratory tract associated with the secretion & formation of excessive and viscid mucus

Reduces the viscosity of bronchial secretions & facilitate expectoration

active peptic ulcer. Hypersensitivity to carbocisteine

PRECAUTION:Hx of peptic ulcer, hypothyroidism

ADVERSE RXNNausea, headache, vomiting, anorexia, gastric discomfort, diarrhea, GI bleeding

>assess cough: type, frequency, character > advice medical consultation for persistent cough of more than 7 days>advice pt. to avoid smoking>suggest sugarless lozenges to decrease throat irritation and cough

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS- ANTI-FLATULENTS

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSE REACTION

NURSING CONSIDERATION

metoclopramide

BRAND NAMEPlasil

DOSAGEAdult 10mg 3x/day pedia: 15-20yrs 5-10mg 3x/day5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg 3x/day3-4yrs: 3mg 2-3x/day1-2yrs: 1mg 2-3x/dayUnder 1 yr: 1mg 2x/day

Gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting of central and peripheral origin assoc. with surgery

Dopamine antagonist that acts by increasing receptor sensitivity and response of upper GIT tissues to acetylcholine

GI hemorrhage, epileptics, hypersensitivity, lactation, pts. With breast cancer

PRECAUTION:Activities requiring mental alertness, elderly, lactation

ADVERSE RXNRestlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, headache, dizziness, nausea

>give 30 mins before meals and at bed time> assess mental status during treatment>tell pt. To avoid driving & other hazardous activities for at least 2 hrs>advice pt. to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressant that enhance sedating properties of this drug

Classification: Antihistamine/ anti allergic

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

Diphenhydramine HCl

BRAND NAMEBenadryl

DOSAGECapule/syrup

Adult: 50 mg tid-qid. Children >20 lb: 12.5-25 mg tid-qid

Hay fever, urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis, angioneurotic edema, drug sensitization, serum & penicillin reaction, contact dermatitis, atopic eczema, other allergic dermatoses, pruritus, food sensitivity, parkinsonism, motion sickness

Antihistamine that reduces allergic reactions, motion sickness and vertigo (dizziness and loss of balance), and Parkinson's disease

Premature & newborn infants; asthma attack; lactation

CV & CNS effects

Blood disorders

GI disturbances

Antimuscarinic effectsAllergic reactions

Special precaution for

Narrow-angle glaucoma stenosing peptic ulcer pyloroduodenal

obstruction symptoms of prostatic

hypertrophy or bladder-neck obstruction

History of bronchial asthma

increased intraocular pressure

hyperthyroidism CV disease or

hypertension. Pregnancy. Avoid operating vehicles or machinery

Classification: Antagonist and antidotes

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/

ADVERSE REACTION NURSING CONSIDERATION

Naloxone hydrocholoride

BRAND NAMENarcan

DOSAGEAdult : 0.4 -2 mg IV q2 to 3 mins.p.r.n.

Known suspected narcotic induced respiratory depression including that cause by pentazocine and propaxyphene

Displaces previously administered narcotic analgesics from their receptors. Has no pharmacologic activity of its own

Patient known to be hypersensitive to naloxone hydrochloride

TachycardiaHypertension

NauseaVomitingTremors

Safest drug to use when cause respiratory depression is uncertain.

Monitor respiratory depth and rate. Be prepared to provide O2, ventilation and resuscitative measures.

Also been shown to improve circulation in refractory shock

Classification: Nutrional Agents (Calorics)

KARLEEN L. JARO

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

Dextrose

BRAND NAME

DOSAGEDosage depends on fluid and caloric requirements

Fluid replacement and caloric supplementation in patient who can’t maintain adequate oral intake or who is restricted from doing so.

Minimize glyconeogenesis and promotes anabolism in patients who can’t receive sufficient oral caloric intake.

Hyperglycemia, diabetic coma, intracranial or intra spinal hemorrhage or delirium tremens.

Mental confusion, unconsciousness in hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome.

Pulmonary edema Glycosuria, osmotic

diuresis Metabolic:

hyperglycemia, hypervolemia

Use cautiously in cardiac or pulmonary disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency urinary obstruction and hypovolemia.

Never infuse concentrated solutions rapidly, may cause hyperglycemia and fluid shift.

Monitor glucose level carefully. Prolonged therapy can cause depletion of pancreatic insulin production and secretion.

KARLEEN L. JARO

KARLEEN L. JARO