1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2.li| Oi| | s com . asfh 3 . www . Classical Method ) ( . . ) Transposition Substitution ( . : . Introduction to Classical Cipher Cryptanalysis .PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 3 The Implementation ) C++ ( ) . . ( Introduction To Modern Cryptography " " . . : Introduction To Number Theory and it's ApplicationPrimality Testing , Factorization Techniques ,Congruence Solving, Random Number GenerationIntroduction To Information & Coding Theory and it's ApplicationHuffman Code , Hamming Code , Error Correction Code , Entropy Explain and Implementation for Most Crypto Cipher RSA ,DES ,Triple DES, AES , Blowfish , ECC , ALGAMAL History About Cryptography and Crypto Devices and Arabic Cryptographer (Alkindi, Taher Algamal ) Addition Classical Cipher & More About Cryptanalysis cipher " " . . : : com . SudanGeek@hotmail com . wajdyessam@hotmail Romansy , at : 2-11-2007PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 4 : Preliminaries ................................ ............ 7 THE DIVISION ALGORITHM ................................ ................ 7 Prime Number ................................ ................................ ............ 8 Greatest Common Divisor ................................ ............... 10 Euclidean Algorithm ................................ .............................. 11 Extended Euclidean Algorithm ................................ .... 12 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic .................... 16 Least Common Multiple ................................ ............ 17 Exclusive-Or XOR ................................ ................................ ........... 17Logarithms ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 18 : ................................ .................. 20 Coding ................................ ................................ ............................... 21 Classical Method ................................ ........................ 23 Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher ................................ ...................... 24 Caesar Cipher ................................ ................................ ............... 24 Atbash Cipher ................................ ................................ ............... 29 ROT13 ................................ ................................ ................................ . 29 Affine Cipher ................................ ................................ ........................ 30 MONOALPHABETIC ................................ ....................... 32 Polyalphabetic substitution cipher ................................ ......................... 34 Simple Shift Vigenere Cipher ................................ ................................ .. 34 Vigenere ................................ ................................ ... 37 KAISISKI Key Length ................................ .... 38 THE FULL VIGENERE CIPHER ................................ ........ 42 THE AUTO-KEY VIGENERE CIPHER ...................... 43 THE Running KEY VIGENERE CIPHER .................... 44 PolyGram Substitution Cipher ................................ ............................. 45 THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ................................ ............................. 46 Hill Cipher ................................ ................................ ..................... 48 PolyGram Substitution Cipher ................................ ...... 54 THE JEFFERSON CYLINDER ................................ ........... 54 HOMOPHONIC SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS .......................... 56PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 5 TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS ................................ .................... 58 THE ONE-TIME PAD ................................ ................................ .. 61 ................................ ................................ .................. 63 : Implementation ................................ ......... 66 characters ................................ ................................ .......... 67 Greatest Common Divisor ................................ .......... 70 ................................ ................................ ................... 71 Trial Division ................................ ............................. 72 ................................ ................................ ......................... 72Fast Exponentiation Algorithms ................................ ................................ ...... 73 Caesar Cipher ................................ ................................ ............... 74 ROT13 ................................ ................................ ................................ . 76 Affine Cipher ................................ ................................ ............ 77 Simple Shift Vigenere Cipher ................................ .............. 78 Full Vigenere Cipher ................................ ............................ 79 Auto Key Vigenere Cipher ................................ .......... 81 the Running key Vigenere Cipher ................................ . 82 Playfair Cipher ................................ ................................ ............. 83 Reverse Cipher ................................ ................................ ...................... 83 : ................................ 84 Why Cryptography ................................ ................................ ...... 85 Symmetric key Cryptography ................................ ......... 87 ................................ ................................ ............. 91 Key Generation ................................ ................................ ......... 94 Block Cipher ................................ ................................ .............. 100 Stream Ciphers ................................ ................................ .......... 102Block VS Stream ................................ ................................ .......... 103Triple DES ................................ ................................ ................................ . 103Advanced Encryption Standard ................................ ................................ .... 105 Symmetric-Key Management ................................ ............ 105 Hardware-Based Key Storage ................................ ............. 109Crypto Accelerators ................................ ................................ .................... 110PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 6The Key Distribution Problem and Public-Key Cryptography ........................... 112History of Public-Key Cryptography . 116 ................................ ................................ ..................... 119 : Preliminaries PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 7 : Preliminaries Number Theory . Prove Affine Cipher . a b a !=0 ) 0 . ( a b c b = a*c . a b a|b . :27 | 3 3 * 9 = 27 . 32 | 5 32 = 4*c c . x,y,z x|y y|z x|z . : 3|9 9|72 3 72 3|27 = THE DIVISION ALGORITHM b r b . y,b b q,r :Y = b*q + r q Quotient . r remainder . b Divisor y dividend . :65 = 3*q + r q 21 ) 65 3 ( r 2 . 3*21+2 65 . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 8 :-21 = 5*q + r -21 5 4 - - 1 r 5 1 q = -5 r = 4 . :5*-5+4 = -21 . Prime Number : : integer 1 1 . 1 Composite Number :2 3 7 23 29 163 . :4 ) 2 ( 100 ) 2 5 . ( 0 1 - 21 . 1 . . N n N . x 2 ) ( x . x . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 9 101 2 101 10 . 101 2 . 101 3 101 4 5 6 7 8 9 . 10 101 . Trial Division . 500 250 Trial Division 250 ) ( . Trial Division . Sieve of Eratosthenes 2 3 5 7 . 2 99 ) ( 2 3 : 2 99 . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 10 Greatest Common Divisor ) GCD ( . 30 18 . : 30 1 2 3 5 6 10 15 3018 1 2 3 6 9 18 6 . GCD(30,18) = 6 " " Relatively Prime 1 . Relatively Prime : 8 9 1 . 23 4427 55 :GCD(x,y) = GCD(x,-y) = GCD(-x,y) = GCD(-x,-y) = GCD(|x|,|y|) :GCD(18,-54) = GCD(18,54) = 9 . : : 20 30 15 5 :GCD(20,30) = 10 CGD(10,15) = 5 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 11 = 1 ) ( 1 ) ( mutually relatively prime pairwise relatively prime . : 28 126 21 10 : ( (28,126) , 21 , 10) = (14 , 21 , 10) = ( (14,21) , 10) = (7,10) = 1 = (28,126) = 7 . mutually relatively prime . pairwise relatively prime . : 18 9 25 1 mutually relatively prime 18,9 9 ) . ( Euclidean Algorithm c,q c = q*d + r GCD(c,q) = GCD(d,r) . . : 132 55 : 132 = 55 * 2 + 2255 = 22 * 2 + 1122 = 11 * 2 + 0 11 :GCD(132,55) = GCD(55,22) = GCD(22,11) = GCD(11,0) = 11 : GCD(252,198) 252 = 198 * 1 + 54 198 = 54 * 3 + 36 54 = 36 * 1 + 18 36 = 18 * 2 + 0 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 12 18 : GCD(252,198) = (198,54) = (54,36) = (36,18) = (18,0) = 18 Extended Euclidean Algorithm Linear Combination : GCD(x,y) = m*x + n*y m n . ) . ( Backward m n . : GCD(26,21) Linear Combination 26 21 : :26 = 1* 21 + 5 21 = 4 * 5 + 1 5 = 5 * 1 + 0 . ) ( : 1 = 21 4 * 5 [1] :5 = 26 1 * 21 [2] [2] [1] : 1 = 21 4 * (26 1 * 21) :1 = 21 -4*26 +4*21 4*21 + 21 : 1 = 5*21 + (-4)*26 5*21 + -4*26 . m 5 n - 4 . ) n m .(PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 13 : a=3 MOD 26 3 26 . : 26=8*3+2 2= 26 - 8*3 1= 3 2 3=1*2+1 2=2*1+0 1= 3 - 2 = 3 - (26 - 8*3) = 3 26 + 8 * 3 = 9*3 261 = 9*3+(-1)*26 3 9 . : GCD(26,21) Linear Combination 26 21 : : A Q X 26 21 26 21 21 . 26 MOD 21 = 5 5 21 . 21 5 5 1 0 .A Q X 26 21 5 1 0 26 21 q ) ( 1 21 5 4 . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 14A Q X 26 21 1 5 4 1 5 0 x 0 1 26 21 1 5 4 11 5 00 x 4 * 1 + 0 = 4 x .4 = 4*1 + 0 26 21 1 45 4 11 5 0 0 : 5 = 4*1 + 126 521 1 45 4 11 5 00 :A Q X 26 521 1 4 1 = 5 * 21 4 * 261 = 5*21 + (-4)*26 ) m n . ( PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 15 / 23 MOD 26 A Q X 26 923 1 83 7 12 1 11 0 1 = 8 * 26 9 * 23. Correct 23 - 9 9 . 1 = 8 * 26 + (- 9) * 23 :(x, y) = snx + tny GCD s t : GCD(252,198) Linear Combination 252 198 . j q r s,t . 252 198 r . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 16 252 198 ) ( q 1 252 198 54 r . 198 54 q 3 198 54 36 r . 54 36 1 q 18 r 36 18 2 q 0 r . . s ,t . : s0 = 1 , s1= 0 t0 =0 , t1= 1 . . si i-2 s ) ( qi-1 * si-1 . :Si= si-2 si-1*qi-1 = 1 - 0*1 = 1 t . s t : s=4 t=-5 . :GCD(252,198) = 4*252 + (-5)*198 4*252 + (-5)*198 18 252 198 . ) s,t ) ( Affine Cipher .( The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic 1 : n = p1*p2*p3*pn P Prime Power Factorization of an integer . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 17 Least Common Multiple ) (LCM . :LCM(x,y) = x*y / GCD(x,y) : lcm(36, 78) = 36 78/(36, 78) = 36 78/6 = 6 78 = 468 lcm(21, 56) = 21 56/(21, 56) = 21 56/7 = 3 56 = 168 lcm(100, 2050) = 100 2050/(100, 2050) = 100 2050/50 = 2 2050 = 4100 Exclusive-Or XOR : 2 . 0 + 0 MOD 2 = 0 0 + 1 MOD 2 = 11 + 0 MOD 2 = 11 + 1 MOD 2 = 0 : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 18 XOR swap : :temp = a;a = b;b = temp; :a = a xor b;b = a xor b;a = a xor b; : C = r XOR p ) r p . ( :P = r XOR c ) c . ( XOR . An XOR might keep your kid sister from reading your files, but it wont stop a cryptanalyst for more than a few minutes Logarithms . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 19 log log e log2 log10 . log e log 2 : log2 x = log(x) / log(2) log e log 10 : log10 x = log(x) / log(10) log10 log2 : log2 x = 3.322 * log10 (x) log2 bit x . Log2(10000) = 13.28771 14 10000 log10 x . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 20 : Classical Cipher PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 21 Coding : Encryption Codebook . ) ( . Code Book : Word Codeword . Codeword Word . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 22 ATTACK ENEMY AT DAWN Codebook :ATTACK RUNENEMY EXPLODE :RUN EXPLODE LION COMPUTER Codeword ) ( Code Number . Codeword Jargon codes ) ( . A Codeword B ) . ( :BOXER SEVEN SEEK TIGER5 AT RED CORAL BOXER SEVEN A SEEK TIGER B RED CORAL AT . Codeword CodeNumber . CodeNumber 85772 24799 10090 59980 12487 85772 BOXER SEVEN 24799 SEEK . Word CodeNumber CodeWord one-part-Code " " . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 23 ) ( ) ( A CodeNumber 20 B 21 C 22 A Z Two-Part-Code . Two-Part-Code ) ( . Classical Method : Character-Based 26 Bit ) 0 1 ( : Substitution Cipher : Plaintext cipher char . Transposition : ) . Permutation . ( XOR : ) . ( : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 24 Substitution Cipher : : Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher : Polyalphabetic Substitution Cipher : PolyGram Substitution Cipher : Homophonic Substitution Cipher . Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher : Substitution . frequency analysis Cryptanalysis . Monoalphabetic Substitution : Caesar CipherAffine CipherROT13 CipherAbash Cipher Caesar Cipher : ) 3 ( . . ) ( . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 25 : :FIRE MISSILE + ) 3 ( Z . 3 ) 3 ( :F+3 = II+3 = L . :ILUH PLVVLOH block 5 ) . ( :ILUHP LVVLO H . . ) Symmetric Key Cryptography ( . 3 ) Shift 3 ( . FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ) ( .. E . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 26 E . . : WFIDZ JVORT KCPVD GKZEV JJVDG KZEVJ JVORT KCPWF IDJFZ KZJNZ KYJVE JRKZF EGVIT VGKZF EDVEK RCIVR TKZFE REUTF EJTZF LJEVJ JRCCK YZEXJ RIVVJ JVEKZ RCCPV DGKPE FKSFI EEFKU VJKIF PVUEF KJKRZ EVUEF KGLIV NZKYF LKCFJ JNZKY FLKXR ZEKYV IVWFI VZEVD GKZEV JJKYV IVZJE FWFID EFJVE JRKZF EGVIT VGKZF EDVEK RCIVR TKZFE FITFE JTZFL JEVJJ EFVPV VRIEF JVKFE XLVSF UPDZE UEFTF CFIJF LEUJD VCCKR JKVKF LTYFS AVTKF WKYFL XYKEF JVVZE XREUJ FFEKF EFKYZ EBZEX EFZXE FIRET VREUE FVEUK FZXEF IRETV EFFCU RXVRE UUVRK YEFVE UKFFC URXVR EUUVR KYEFR EXLZJ YTRLJ VFWRE XLZJY TVJJR KZFEG RKYEF NZJUF DREUE FRKKR ZEDVE KJZET VKYVI VZJEF KYZEX KFRKK RZEKY VSFUY ZJRKK MRCZM VJKYL JNZKY EFYZE UIRET VFWDZ EUEFY ZEUIR ETVRE UYVET VEFWV RIWRI SVPFE UUVCL UVUKY FLXYK IZXYK YVIVZ JEZIM RER W ..... W 9 F . :A: 1 B: 1 C: 16 D: 14 E: 82 F: 69 G: 10 H: 0 I: 27 J: 47 K: 61L: 15 M: 3 N: 5 O: 2 P: 8 Q: 0 R: 45 S: 5 T: 21 U: 28 V: 69 W: 9 X: 15 Y: 28 Z: 47 E ) 82 ( E E E E . F,V 69 E . F E 1 ) F E . ( V E 17 ) . V 17 E ( . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 27 1 17 . 1 ) ( 1 . 17 : FORMI SEXAC TLYEM PTINE SSEMP TINES SEXAC TLYFO RMSOI TISWI THSEN SATIO NPERC EPTIO NMENT ALREA CTION ANDCO NSCIO USNES SALLT HINGS AREES SENTI ALLYE MPTYN OTBOR NNOTD ESTRO YEDNO TSTAI NEDNO TPURE WITHO UTLOS SWITH OUTGA INTHE REFOR EINEM PTINE SSTHE REISN OFORM NOSEN SATIO NPERC EPTIO NMENT ALREA CTION ORCON SCIOU SNESS NOEYE EARNO SETON GUEBO DYMIN DNOCO LORSO UNDSM ELLTA STETO UCHOB JECTO FTHOU GHTNO SEEIN GANDS OONTO NOTHI NKING NOIGN ORANC EANDN OENDT OIGNO RANCE NOOLD AGEAN DDEAT HNOEN DTOOL DAGEA NDDEA THNOA NGUIS HCAUS EOFAN GUISH CESSA TIONP ATHNO WISDO MANDN OATTA INMEN TSINC ETHER EISNO THING TOATT AINTH EBODH ISATT VALIV ESTHU SWITH NOHIN DRANC EOFMI NDNOH INDRA NCEAN DHENC ENOFE ARFAR BEYON DDELU DEDTH OUGHT RIGHT HEREI SNIRV ANA . . Monoalphabetic Key Phrase ) ( . Key Phrase :THE HILLS ARE ALIVE A A T . B H C E ... : ) ( : WAJDY : STOP FIRE :Plaintext : ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZCipher text : WAJDYBCEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVXZPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 28 STOP FIRE : QRMN BFPY Block QRMNB FPY . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 29 Atbash Cipher . ... Plain: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZCipher: ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA money nlmvb . : "hob" = "sly" = "hold" "slow" = "holy" "slob""horn" = "slim""irk" = "rip""low" = "old" "glow" = "told""grog" = "tilt". ! ROT13 ) Monoalphabetic ( 13 13 13 . P = ROT13 (ROT13 (P)) p Plaintext 13 D D 3 ) 3 + 13 %( 26 16 13 D Q . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 30 13 ) 13 . ( Q (16+13)%26 = 3 13 D . ROT13 Unix Puzzle ) ( . Affine Cipher Affine Cipher ) product Cipher ( : MOD n c = p + key) key . ( : C = p * key MOD n Affine ) ( .C = m*p + key MOD n m n m n 1 . . ) . ( m ) GCD(m,n) = 1 .( :P = m` * (c key) (MOD n) : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 31 : WAR LOST key 10 m 7 . m . m n ) 26 . (GCD(7,26) = 1 M . : :22 0 17 11 14 18 19 :C = m * p + key MOD 26 C1 = 7 * 22 + 10 MOD 26 = 8 C2 = 7 * 0 + 10 MOD 26 = 10C3 = 7 * 17 + 10 MOD 26 = 25C4 = 7 * 11 + 10 MOD 26 = 9 C5 = 7 * 14 + 10 MOD 26 = 4 C6 = 7 * 18 + 10 MOD 26 = 6 C7 = 7 * 19 + 10 MOD 26 = 13 :8 10 25 9 4 6 13 : IKZJE GN m :P = m` * (c key) (MOD 26) ) . ( 7 26 : 15 : P1 = 15 * ( 8 10 ) MOD 26 = 22P2 = 15 * ( 10 10 ) MOD 26 = 0PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 32P3 = 15 * ( 25 10 ) MOD 26 = 17P4 = 15 * ( 9 10 ) MOD 26 = 11P5 = 15 * ( 4 10 ) MOD 26 = 14P6 = 15 * ( 6 10 ) MOD 26 = 18P7 = 15 * ( 13 10 ) MOD 26 = 19 : 22 0 17 11 14 18 19 :WARLO ST ) . ( MONOALPHABETIC ) - - . ( . 10 ) ( . : :fqjcb rwjwj vnjax bnkhj whxcq nawjv nfxdu mbvnu ujbbf nnc : E . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 33 :a:2 , b:5 , c:3 , d:0 , e:0 , f:3 , g:0 , h:2 , i:0 , j:7 , k:1 , l:0 , m:1 , n :7 ) w ( . j n 7 . j E 5 5 : 5 :f - 5 = aq - 5 = lj - 5 = ec - 5 = xb - 5 = w : alexw mrere ajevs . N . E e-n=9 9 . 9 .... f-9 = wq-9 = hj-9 = ac-9 = tb-9 = s :whats inana mearo sebya nyoth ernam ewoul dsmel lassw eet what's in a name a rose by any other name would smell as sweet : "monalphbetic"jmjmj gsmsg lrjgu csqyj quflr mfajq erdmc cmqlv lqyhg gawgq arpgq sblce jrlrj lnmec cyjqu flrmf ajqer d :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 34 a b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y zm o n a l p h b e t I c d f g j k q r s u v w x y z j j j p m a . :Papap otato espou ltryp runes andpr ismar eallv erygo odwor dsfor theli psesp ecial lypru nesan dpris m :Papa potatoes poultry prunes and prism are all very good words for the lips especially prunes and prism ) com . 2000 arabteam . www MEMONONO ( Polyalphabetic substitution cipher Monoalphabetic . 4 . . Vigenere Cipher Engima . :Simple Shift Vigenere Cipher Full Vigenere CipherAuto-Key Vigenere CipherRunning Key Vigenere Cipher Simple Shift Vigenere Cipher .. . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 35 ) ( :DEFCON FOUR . : : 5 : 13 : 2 : 7 ) ( Key Length : 5 13 2 7 : D 5 = D + 5 I ) D 3 5 % 26 9 I . ( E 13 R .... : Block 5 : :IRHJT AHVZEPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 36 A 0 B 1 ... ) : ( 1 12 0 18 19 14 5 5 : BLAST OFF . Code Wheel : ) ( - - : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 37 : S . ) ( S A ) ( . G G Y . . H H p . ... Vigenere ) Period ( Key Length . Key Length E ) Monoalphabetic ( . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 38 :XZQTY IISTN PAWRT GSGPO LNOXF 5 Block . X I P G L 1 n XIPGL .... : ) ( . ) . ( KAISISKI Key Length XYZ XYZ XYZ . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 39 FSI FSI : - F F FSI - 7 3 F FSI . : : LJVBQ STNEZ LQMED LJVMA MPKAU FAVAT LJVDA YYVNF JQLNP LJVHK VTRNF LJVCM LKETA LJVHU YJVSF KRFTT WEFUX VHZNP Key Length . LJV . LJV PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 40 L L 15 L L 15 . . L : 10,15,15 ) ( 5 . 5 . . 5 Monoalphabetic . : :LSLLM FLYJL VLLLY KWV PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 41 L E T R E L J E ! THE L T j H V E . T L 18 ) S ( H J 2 ) C .( E V 17 ) (R . SCR N A . ) ( A,B . SCRAB 26 * 26 . A,M SCRAM . SCRAM :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 42 THEBE ARWEN TOVER THEMO UNTAI NYEAH THEDO GWENT ROUND THEHY DRANT THECA TINTO THEHI GHEST SPOTH ECOUL DFIND : THE BEAR WENT OVER THE MOUNTAIN YEAH THE DOG WENT ROUND THE HYDRANT THE CAT INTO THE HIGH EST SPOT HE COULD FIND THE FULL VIGENERE CIPHER ) ( a tabular recta : :HARKONNEN RULZ SPICE : .PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 43 . H S H S O . A P Z . . : OZTJYJTZGDKPX : OZTJY JTZGD KPX ) ( . : : OZTJY JTZGD KPX : SPICE S S O H . . THE AUTO-KEY VIGENERE CIPHER . :LIGHT SPEED CHEWIE NOW ) ( : ARGH L + A = LI + R = ZG + G = MH + H = O ) ( PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 44 L L + T =E II + S = A . : ... . ) ( ) . ( ) ( ) . . ( . THE Running KEY VIGENERE CIPHER ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . : TORA TORA TORA :AND GOD SAID LET THERE BE LIGHT . :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 45 . AUTO-KEY AND RUNNING KEY VIGENERE CIPHERS Monoalphabetic ) ( . PolyGram Substitution Cipher) Polygraphic ( POLYGRAM Block . . 8 8 : Brute-Force 26 8 ) 26 ^ 8 ( 26^8 = 208,827,064,576 . 8 . . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 46 Polygraphic Playfair Hill Cipher Jifferson Cylinder THE BAZERIES CYLINDER . THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER Block 25 ) 5 * 5 ( A B ) ( 26 I,J . 5 * 5 : ) ( :The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs 5 * 5 T H ) ( . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 47 :Since by man came death : Blocks . A,B X . X . : A B ) .( A B A B ) Wrap . A B A B . Wrapping ) .( ) ( : :AMBASSADOR SHOT :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 48 .AM BA SS AD OR SH OT X SS X : AM BA SX SA DO RS HO T X :AM BA SX SA DO RS HO TX A M . A M M N . B A . B U A D . S X S S X Q X X X N . . :MN UD QN AM BA MP ID FE . MN : M AN M . Hill Cipher 3 Lester S Hill . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 49 ) ( . . ) ( 3 * 3 . : GYBNQKURP 3 * 3 : : ACT . 1 * 3 : . . MOD 26 . ) ( : POH 26 :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 50 3-Hill Cipher 3 * 3 2-Hill Cipher 2 * 2 n-Hill Cipher n*n . 2-Hill Cipher 2 * 2 26 . " " Determinant 26 Determinant 26 1 . : 2 * 2 . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 51 Determinant of a matrix A, denoted by det A :-- if A(aij) is 22, then det A =a11a22 a12a21-- if A(aij) is 33, then det A =a11a22a33 + a12a23a31 + a13a21a32 - a13a22a31 - a12a21a33 - a11a23a32 d^-1 ) d ( d mod 26 1 . d * d` = 1 (mod 26) " " 2 26 : : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 52 : : THE PROFESSOR IS EVIL J . hill 2 3 4 . 2-Hill Cipher . Block ) 2-Hill Cipher n n . ( ) A 1 0 A 0 . ( P . . . ) det ) ( mod 26 1 . ( p A c ) (PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 53 mod 26 ) . ( : . :RLQFXCHAAQAFCWAXMB ) ( ) 26 26 . N n modular arithmetic .( mod 26 : : :THE PROFESSOR IS EVIL row reduction . ( PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 54 PolyGram Substitution Cipher ) ( TH HE Digraphs 3 trigraphs THA THE AND . Modern Cryptography 8 . THE JEFFERSON CYLINDER Thomas Jefferson . 36 26 36 ) ( . . 25 25 . 25 .PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 55 : : Hard to Implementation . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 56 HOMOPHONIC SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS HOMOPHONIC . . E 13 T 9 Homophonic E 13 T 9 onetomany mapping . Homophonic : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 57 :RETREAT R 8 . E 13 . :DQ AW CC AQ CO BS DB ) ( . inverse mappings : . ! PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 58 : TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS : Reversing : ! : : Wajdy Essam Is Java Developer : repoleveD vavJ sI massE ydjaW ) 5 ( :repol eveDv avJsI massE ydjaW : : 1 4 2 3 3 1 4 5 . 5 2 : 1 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 1 1 4) .( : THE SKY FALLING PLEASE ADVISE 5 : THESK YFALL INGPL EASEA DVISE PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 59 : 1 4 : T S 4 5 : S K Blocks :EKHTS ALFYL GLNIP SAAEE IEVDS ) Transposition Substitution ( . COMBINATION SUBSTITUTION/TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS . : A . A AA ) .( " " Maps .B maps to ABC maps to AC. . .Q maps to DB. . .Y maps to EEZ maps to DBPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 60 ) : ( TAKE ME TO YOUR LEADER T maps DE . A Maps AA . :DE AA CA AE CC AE DE CE EE CE EA DC CB AE AA AD AE DC . ) ( .... :DE AA CA AE CC AE DE CE EE CE EA DC CB AE AA AD AE DC :DE AA CA AE CC AE DE CE EECE EA DC CB AE AA AD AE DC D C E E :DC EE AE AA CD AC AC EB CA CE AA EA DA ED CA EE ED EC : DC R . EE Y . :RYEANCCVKOAUPXKYXW Block 5 :RYEAN CCVKO AUPXK YXW ! . :RYEAN CCVKO AUPXK YXW R D C R D C . :PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 61DE AA CA AE CC AE DE CE EECE EA DC CB AE AA AD AE DC :DE map to TAA map to ACA map to K ... : TAKEMETOYOURLEADER : TAKE ME TO YOUR LEADER ADFGVX . . THE ONE-TIME PAD ) " " ( . . ) ( one-time pad Sheets ) ( . J . one-time pad : ENGAGE WARP DRIVEPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 62 :9 20 13 0 21 1 13 19 9 5 25 12 25 4 7 25 0 8 8 7 24 2 6 18 16 10 23 5 11 12 13 6 22 22 17 3 8 0 0 19 4 15 E 9 N N 20 H . .... : . . ) one-time pad ( ! PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 63 : MXXFT QQHUX WMDYM QHQDO DQMFQ PNKYQ EUZOQ ARAXP AZMOO AGZFA RYKNQ SUZZU ZSXQE ESDQQ PTMFD QPMZP USZAD MZOQN ADZAR YKOAZ PGOFE BQQOT MZPFT AGSTF UZAIO AZRQE EABQZ XKMZP RGXXK simple Vigenere cipher ) ( SSQYN ASXES RBFOR SOUYK VTAKO QVKSZ WOQSF VNOBB BRWKB BRCQS QSOSF WJYSX FHKYS YGODI FSUMD BJJOD FQCWN IBSDO HSPBW XBDIL MWQGP FZNVD DOSGO NEZSB JJSBQ FSXUW QOIOZ VLBIN TSBTP VBKUV OXKOJ KDFMZ UCUBB DVITS PKTHC ZPZCB FWZVZ YCLMW HJOSO VBQCE SGSSO BIWCS FDISC BZOBN DFMZU CUBBD VIORS NJHWY OBSGZ CFUTD FSOUS BWSFV BUAOO SNOTO ZPSSR FBBCY SGQRP HDKVZ OXEJO XTHCX FGQYU HVKOR PYPYC PBDDV JSRMS MDDPU FKQVM MSQDB FGGBP GSXLS BXFHV OMSAO OHOBZ BIWCS FDISC BZOBN JHGKQ DZSDO HSPBG LPGHY OORNJ GCXXS GVFMF YTWBQ NWQRB SZSND ZONSB DJBUO MZWZU WQMVF JODFM ZUCUB BDVIH FSOOK WMIAO XOWBQ TAWDI FWMIO FNJBH OSBSD DFMZU CUBBD VICCG DPBON EWGYO KSCMS MCUOZ VJBUC XWZVJ OAMSM DDPUF KQVMK ORBOU KCBLG SMVFW DZBRO EWHSP BIZQS FCBRR VFFWF FFDBF BHSDS VKMZG DFDSX TCBXF OZMSM DDPBC WJQCX OSKIP FYZFF SXOWO VUFOZ QSKKE SOXEK OCIWB QUCBV BKFOO QSSOH FYEIQ DJCBD PQFIQ HCQSO DRZKW DIQCN JBUDI SCBZI DZFFG KERZO SWJOS DFOOH WMFVO VMKOI OSFZF HSBEW GKQDS KSWBQ DFMZU CUBBD VIDVS CUBID IWZVB DDBPT SCTWC XBZ Auto-Key Vigenere Cipher : TVWFP VVHZD PZXLX ADBSS SSWBW KAABS DXZFG ANWTZ PWEKV AEOEA PIOBZ TALSV XUIFW AYEMU MFWAY EMWLT AMMNL HGAHX QILIG PPXFQ ZMEAD XUXCM RSJHZ XLXCW HKNEH YKZMB OEDXZ FGANW TZPWE MOGWO EAPKH HRTAL SVXUI FWAYE MUMFW AYEMW LTAMM NLHGA HXQIL IGPPX FSSSW BWKAA BS Monoalphabetic Cipher : ULNEA YTWPX TFNUR WBPHN BPEXE YRKXB PANXE YRKFX HNENW WPETF NUULN BKRFN YZNKU LNSXW LYSUL NWNPP ETULN GXKTW YSULN PXKYZ NKULN FXZNW UYIHY ZNKPF FULNN PKULP ETYZN KPFFU LNIKN PURKN WULPU BYZNP FYEAU LNAKY RETWY AYTIK NPUNT BPEXE LXWYD EXBPA NXEUL NXBPA NYSAY TLNIK NPUNT LXBBP FNPET SNBPF NLNIK NPUNT ULNBA YTGFN WWNTU LNBPE TWPXT UYULN BGNSK RXUSR FPETX EIKNP WNXEE RBGNK SXFFU LNNPK ULPET WRGTR NXUKR FNYZN KULNS XWLYS ULNWN PPETU LNGXK TWYSU LNPXK PETYZ NKNZN KJFXZ XEAIK NPURK NULPU BYZNW YEULN AKYRE TULNE AYTWP XTXAX ZNJYR NZNKJ WNNTG NPKXE AMFPE UYEUL NSPIN YSULN DLYFN NPKUL PETNZ NKJUK NNULP ULPWS KRXUD XULWN NTXEX UULNJ DXFFG NJYRK WSYKS YYTPE TUYPF PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 64FULNG NPWUW YSULN NPKUL PETPF FULNG XKTWY SULNP XKPET PFFUL NIKNP URKNW ULPUB YZNYE ULNAK YRETN ZNKJU LXEAU LPULP WULNG KNPUL YSFXS NXEXU XAXZN NZNKJ AKNNE MFPEU SYKSY YTPET XUDPW WYAYT WPDPF FULPU LNLPT BPTNP ETXUD PWZNK JAYYT PETUL NKNDP WNZNE XEAPE TULNK NDPWB YKEXE AULNW XOULT PJ Playfair Cipher : PK QT OX OK KR QK ZX BI OZ BZ ZO EK KQ KP ZO IB ZO KG ZS VL HR OR HY EK RK RU PH BO OW IH KR YK FW EK OI NR KR YK FW EK AF AX AT VA KU GX OW YH VM EI FL HT QT XG AB LO LZ RH EK KU AE MF QH AI EK HY KY QE OW IH KR UG FT ZN AI ZS FC LO TL PH TF BZ LZ RH EK RQ OR RH OL CI ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR HR QK OD VK RO CI EK RH RQ LO OD VK KZ LI OL NR RL KI EK HU XZ KE AF XK SI LI OW VC KU QE FW OR HY EK HU XZ KE MW AZ EK HY FW TB KU GX ZS VL LS DS HY EK HU XZ KE FL FU CI EK HY FW TB KU GX KR WL SD UH IC XZ KE OW IH KR HR AF UK PH OZ BZ OW IH KR HR AF AG AT OZ BZ EK RY FT OK FL FU CI ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR HR QK OW KY MU BO KQ RE QR YK ON KR AF ER KA NI UK MU WF ER AF ER WM TA RA OR RH OU ZS FV LF RE KR YK YG OW UK OW XL QE FW OR HY EK RQ OR RH OQ YH HE KR YK YG OW UK MW AZ EK RQ OR RH SW LZ TY RO CI ZN AF XG OU ZS VL LS DS HY EK KY KY MU BO KU EX OW IH KR HR AF UK PH OZ BZ OW IH KR HR AF AG AT OZ BZ EK KU HQ IO XI FL FU CI ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR AF ER EA CI RH EK KU EX QK MS EK RH HY NI IS QT VU LW RU CI UH HI EF MK UA CI UM YG RU WF CI ZN AF XG OU ZS VL LS DS HY EK HY EF MK UA CI SL CI OW IH KR MS EK RH HY AF ER KA KR WL SD UH XL RU OL CI ZS XL FA EK OR ZN AF XK SI LI EK TQ ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR SL CI ME LI LQ HP KP RE OR ZI BO KY HY QK FW ZO ZM SL ON OL CI EH KY KU IO EK HU OW IH RL KN RU WM EA ZN NF EK UK YK XY OZ RO BD NL HF ZO ZK IN KR FT ML TF UA XB ZO XL OW XY RN LO GX IN KR SL CI ME LI LQ HY PH PK RO NZ IO VU OW KO QK FW ZO KX KY HY LW DB AT XY BZ NI EK TY HT ZO XL OW IH HR YK XS RU TF BZ MW OY RN ZN KL KY HY ZO ZN LW DB AT XY BZ NI EK TY HT ZO XL OW XV LI OL NR RL NZ RN LO ZS IS FL CI EK RH RQ LO HP TQ ZO MS CI EK RH RQ LO ZA TW ZO ZK KR EK FT XI FL FU CI ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR HR QK OD VK KO ZO EK KY KY MU BO TU IR KR XB IE UO QE FW OR RE KR FL FD TA ZR KR OZ VK RO CI UH KI EK RP UK HM RU XG OX ZB OK AZ FW BX RU OU BO OW XI FL XU OW XF RU KA OW VD RE IK KR GW HU XZ KE OX ON KR YK YG OW UK AI EK KU EX NI ZX PH OD VK NI ON KR YK FW EK OW XY RN LO GX SZ LI RF YH RN SZ HR OR OD VK KO EK KP HR OR RH OD VK KI NI ZS PH TW EK HY UF OW IH KR UH XG UK HA XZ KE IK SZ LZ RH ON KR OZ VK EK RU SO AZ LF RE KR OK FW XK LI UK KI EK RP ZO EK KY KY MU BO TU IR KR XB IE SZ DZ HU XZ KE IO EK KY RU HE KE SZ LZ RH ON KR FL FU CI EK TQ XZ KE OW IH UO QE FW OR HU XZ KE MW AZ FL HT QT XG OL CI ZS XL FA EK OR ZN AF XK SI LI OW IH KR HR AF UK PH OZ BZ OW IH KR HR AF AG AT OZ BZ EK RY UA HE CV UF OW XV LI OL YX UH KI EK RQ OR RH ER YK RA ZN CD DZ ZO VB HR OR AE KU OW VD RE NX HF AX UD SW LZ RE KR YK FW EK LW TA XG OK KR YK YG OW UK AI EK KU EX OU ZS VL HR OR HY EK KP HR OR WH RU EO HR OU IR KR UK SF OW YH PH EF OD ZD BZ OW FV LZ ZO ZK TD BZ NF EK CR DN KE KR AF ER HE KY RP OL BD NL HF ZO ZK IN KR FT TX CI OL CI HP RH FQ ZO PK XC FT FL BD NL HF ZO ZK IZ KO TX CI OW XV LI OL NR RL NZ RN LO ZS IS XV LI CS KU GX HY EK RP OW XL OF XC RY EA ZN YA SL CI ZO WH RU UK ZO IB AP QK WF CI DY SD OH KR AF ER TF ON KR UK LO OW VD RE IK KR NX HF OX QB HR LO TU ON KR YK FW EK OW IH KR HR AF UK PH OZ BZ OW IH KR HR AF AG AT OZ BZ EK RY YD EK FL FU CI ZS XL OF VD RE IK KR SL CI ME LI LQ HU DZ ZO VB HR OR AE KU LW DB AT XY BZ NI EK TY HT ZO XL OD PH OK PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 65LN HB HR OR AE KU EK OR ZA PH LS IO ZK KR MK UA CI OW FC DO FL OZ RF SO RU LC LW DB AT XY BZ NI ZN XB ZO FL CI ZN AF XG OU ZS FV LF RE KR NF DV OW FZ LS OL BD NL HF ZO ZK IN KR FT TX CI OK KR OD PH OK LN RS BD NL HF ZO ZK IN KR FT TX CI OL CI LS DS EK HQ HR OR AE KU EK OR ZA PH LS IO ZK KR MK UA CI LW DB AT XY BZ NI EK TY HT ZO XL OW XV LI OL NR RL NZ RN LO ZS IS IH KR BZ LI OL YX UH EO AG SR RP OW ZO UA TF RF PK ZO UA HA XT TQ KU GX OW VD RE IK KR RW AS TU PH HE KR DY LK AI EK KU RU FS CI EK KQ FT XL AI EK RU FT LZ RH EK HU DZ KU NI BH LZ RH LS DS EK KY RU HE RL CI LZ RH LS DS EK HQ HR OR AE KU EK OR ZA PH LS IO ZK KR MK UA CI OU ZS VL HR OR HY RF OZ CT XO AN OZ RF PK ZO EK TY RF PK AI ZS VC HQ HR OR HY TD GF RF UH OW XD RP LS RK HQ HR OR HY EK RP ZS XC UH XG UK IH KR RF CI OL YX NI EK RP QK MW OY RI AS OW XY QB HR LO TY BI QO GW RH DY SD OH KR YK FW EK OW XL SQ YL TY EH AS TU PH HE KR DY LK AI EK KU RU FS CI EK KQ FT XL AI EK RU FT OW IL PH HR PH EF OD ZD BZ WH RU EO HR EK OR ZA PH OU ON KR MK UA CI EK TQ ZS XL OF XY ZX PH IU YQ PH EF UK YK XC RU TF BZ VU OW NI ON KR MF QH AI EK RQ TL UH YK FW EK OW YH PH EF EH KY RE RL EK LO MW OY RN ZN KL KY HY ZO ZN IK KR FQ DO DS QK IU AE AX AT IA IS FL CI NI LS DS EK KQ RU OK OU IR KR YK FW EK OW FL SD OH KR NX HF OU IR KR OF WF CI LS DS EK HQ HR OR AE KU EK OR ZA PH IO EK KP TA OQ YH PH EF EK ZO ZK RL EK LO EK KQ HR OR TL DA YD TY OZ NZ ZX PH YK PH EF MK KY TQ VU OW RI AT IA IS FL CI ZN AF XG OU ZS XL FA LS DS EK OR KR RL FV LF RU CI ZN AF LG RH XP SI LI OW IH KR HR AF UK PH OZ BZ OW IH KR HR AF AG AT OZ BZ EK KU YI EK FL FI . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 66 : Implementation ++ ) Exception , Template , oop ( . . KISS ) Keep It Simple Stupid ( Quick And Dirty J . . Capital Letter 65 97 . if 65 capital 97 small Letter . . . . . PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 67 characters : ) ( ) . ( . Characters . ++ char string . array of char . string ) . ( : overflow 200 overflow . cin enter . getche() getche() getch() . () getche : 3 10 10 J PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 68. : carriage return enter . strlen(array) . getche() #include . wajdy essam . . getch() cin.get(array,size,endchar): cin.get(plaintext,100,'$') $ : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 69 cin.getline(plaintext,100,'$') : string . ) object ( cin string wajdy essam wajdy cin . getche() enter . ) . (PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 70 string str[i] index . : Greatest Common Divisor Classical : 0 . implementation Recursion Function PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 71 : : : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 72 Trial Division PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 73Fast Exponentiation Algorithms x^y y : y x . __int64 long long int 2^64 -1 . y y 2^1024 . : PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 74 hex , binary , decimal , octal . " " . Caesar Cipher ) ( 3 . . : : ) ( A Z D Z A,B,C . char normalChar[26] ; // contain the character alphabetic form A-Z char cipherChar[26] ; // container character from D-Z+A,B,C : // initializing normalChar and cipherChar int i ; for (char ch='A' , i=0 ; i