CLASSIC PHOTO ALBUM

Archaeologists: learn about people by studying traces of early settlement such as bones and artifacts (jewelry, clothes, tools).Anthropologists: study culture and re-create a picture of early people’s cultural behavior.Paleontologists: study fossils (teeth, skulls, other bones) to date their remains.

*work as a team to date ancient remains, rocks and learn more about how prehistoric people lived.

The Beginning of Timeo Universe begins with the “Big Bang”o Life begins in Africao Other theories…

Hominids: all types of early humans that walk upright– Australopithecines – earliest type of hominid.

• Lived 4-1 million years ago.• 3 to 5 feet tall.• 1/3 of our brain size• First to walk upright…why?

– Travel distances, spot threats, had opposable thumb

o David Johannson and Mary Leakey• “Lucy” female skeleton found in Ethiopia, 3.5 million

years old

First Humans (cont’d)oHomo habilis: man of skill, found tools made

of rocko Beginning of the stone age a.k.a. Paleolithic Ageo Also the Ice Age, temperature much cooler,

glaciers advance and retreat 18 times

o Homo erectus: more skillful hunters, invented better tools for digging.

o Found in Africa, Asia & Europe. First to use fire & create a spoken language

oHomo sapiens are modern humans and it means ‘wise men’1. Neanderthal: first to have religious beliefs &

rituals2. Cro-Magnons: Identical skeletal remains to

modern humans1. Planned hunts, advanced language, survived winters

& replace Neanderthals

*In each development the brain capacity increases – see page 9

Homo Sapiens

Otzi The Ice Man – Frozen in ice for 5,000 years Discovered in 1991 by German hikers in the Alps 5’2” 130 lbs, 45 yrs old Grain & wild goat meat found in his intestine Was in a battle with 4 others, killed by arrow See page 15

Toumai: “Hope for Life” Found in Chad in 2002, earliest ancestor discovered 6-7 million years old See page 11

Recent Discoveries

Nomads• Highly mobile, moved places searching for new food

sources• Called hunter-gatherers because their food supply

depends on hunting animals & collecting plant foods• Men hunt, women gather berries & grasses

• Over 100 tools to catch, kill, carve animals and make clothes

Human Advances

Agricultural revolution significance• Change in climate with higher temps makes it

possible (p. 17)• Now a sustainable food source for humans• Rich grain supply leads to population boom• Occurs in Africa, China, Mexico, Peru (p. 16)• Birthplace in Jarmo, Zagros Mtns (modern Iraq)• Slash & burn farming

• Burnt trees & grasses fertilizes the soil• Domestication of animals: train them & use them for

steady food sources• Painting, pottery, weaving, jewelry, mirrors and

knives from volcanic rock

Neolithic Revolution

-First Civilization develops in Sumer, Mesopotamia (Iraq)-Ushers in the bronze age• use of bronze, not copper or stone, for tools &

weapons-Civilization defined as:1. Advanced cities2. Specialized workers3. Complex institutions4. Record keeping5. Advanced technology

Villages grow into cities