class xii history foreign 2009

8/2/2019 Class XII History Foreign 2009

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/class-xii-history-foreign-2009 1/18

Bxamination Papers, 20,09

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A . 'M ' lj , :O e t ' all tlut 'lu,estltms IIlllell belon' .-

Q.) ...Men th :, ," a ny tw o s tm t eg ie s. a dopted by Brahlill8nu fD r ,enror.ein:g th e I l l /onus p' f ,es,cr ibl l1dl ~o'rdirf.c l ' ie l t ' i l lV8mas. 2 :

A.ns. (0) The Br.a:ilmans stalted th ,a t th e caste 8ys~emwas. ' ,of dj'vine or.igin and hence 1'1 .Snorm s had to be

obeyed.

(b) K logs 'w ere told mat ' l lhe i tr dhaJ'rna i n d u d e d . en'for:cwng c aste norm s wii~h;i .n le ] ' r k l ng d om . The

p eop le w ere bm ~lIIiw ash ed in 'to lbeHev. ingt :hat : their c aste and thus. their status i l l l soc iety w as

d e t e r e r i n e d by bi 1 1 1 1aceerd w w g tit) t i I D l . e : jpast deeds. T h i . s , e n s u r , e d t h a t t h e r e w a s n o o v e r t

r,cbeUion .against. the! varnaor c aste s y s : O O R I .

Q.2. M enlion how the S ' 1 1 1 > I ~ : e e ! ' i S l : r s o f.K r is ,h .n ad 'Gva :lb ya . 'were: tr·out:ded by th e r ' f !b~;~n(! l t l lsNay.nita! and

. m m ts try ,e'btiefs dle.r .h.s d'ealh.. 1

Ans , (.a) They con .i:ip irod ; a g . a . l r 1 5 t the kinp.

\. (b) The y afsQtded :to' g aEn yca: l"elr nu~ono.my and even lrted to; establish. . ind.effH~ndentkln~d.oms.

!Q .3 . H ow wlC 'n ' t he vllngc: artisans eom.pens'ated by t i b l l l l v E l ! t i J i g , c r s .ror tliu~ i.rspi!.c ial.i.sed. sen'iccs, ? Sta~!: I 'W > D

· w \ a _ y s . 2

AIn~. . (a) The 8 ri1 :isa ns . were .g Jven , i i i shase of th e harvest.

(b) h l seme ca se s ~hey w e f ie aU otted land mosdy c ultivab le wastes. In M abarashtri!! suc h b linds

bec am e th e ,artisa,n :s m iras or watan...;ffleir hereditary holdin.g;.

'Q,4" s'ta,lie :ho?l¥did ' t h l e Santllll.ls relcihl! l lJc RaJmahal h ims . :1

ADs . (a) UnUkie ~ e Paharla's, m e S ,ln cha ]s were it1i~erested in c .~ eaf 'in ,gfOMsts and pl,oughing the l an d .

eOl] lsequel: i l~~yt t le Br~~i$hde.matl 'cl~ed .3 r a l l" g ea r ea o .f land known as . lJamjn~: i -K.oh .a t th e fo'o,thiUs

ef R ajm ahaJ and. persuaded them to se ttle h ere ..

, ( h ) The S a n . t h a . l . s eX ip ,a ndedou~dv adon I 'e ad in g. ~ .o i nc r ea 'sed tevc ll' l. !I c fOif th e Eas t h ' l l . d h l l CClmpi(Ul)'.

Q.~S .How d ' ild • •u.~ i n t r n d l U l c t i o , n o'rr,l1iE",a;ys i l l l 1 .ulsa mean a ch.::mg:ein.n . ,e fonh.ne'S ofU.e tov,-"rn!i?G hrc two

c J t : : 3 . m . p , 1 i c s . 1

ADs. (a) Trad i lt ~ona t ~ , own :sw h m c h were : Iocated al.,ong o lld r nu t' t} s ; lm i d riv·crs dccHncd . For examp le . Mi rLHpu r

loc ..ated an the' G i I l i g : e . s dec I.ined when a rlihvay lili1 lkwas m ade to . B ombay.(b) RaJlwuy Celoales wen: developed w 'i'lh the ,expansion of th e ra]I'l'V aYnetwork .• Raflw.ay tOWI'I$

Uioo Jam alpu r, W a ftn Jr altd .Bamlly were also , e s m b l l : i s l l K ~ d .

1 ~ A . R T . . . n ISect ion-I "

Ansu' t l . r ;IU~j"'llm!e (Jf . l ' / f le.·1t111()u~iult·f~~·t!51i'OH,i.

IQ~6. Desu iib e ·'.h i!transiiorm,;l-tioln ofnulJ'ler.ial fuUu,re of·ih·£lHa,rappans a:rb~lr 1 ' 9 :00 UC.E . 5

Am.s.. (a) After 1900 .SeEthe· d~sdnc!h,e aft.i.fac~'S f the civiillsadon Ukc the w e ig h u : : s • .seals .arnd splccial besds

d i sappea red . .



(b) W r i ti r n ,g , E o n g di.stance lrad'e a n d cr:ll,ft sp~c:iaU,a:Hon a b o dl~sap:p'eared.

I ( C ) In genera l for f ewer ma,i le rr ia Js ,were used to m ake far fewer things.

I(~ H ousecons' t luc:dol1 l techn j 'qUe'id , e ~ e r i ! o < r a t e d a nd : Ia rg e ,f lu 'b~ i . , c s , t ructu: r ,eSW (: f,e no ~ongler p . r , o C i u c e d .

( I l ! ) ,[ lv tlmH . ,a rtif ac ts a nd senJ~mef i l t s i .ndn~,atea r:ur,~ wayofUfe in ,whIt a re c a lle d " La te Haf.8ppan" Q r

" 'Successor Sta,le'S'.'.

Q.7" D l e s ! c ; r , i b e 'what' do we know , a b ou .t S a I D d d r ;a gu lp ta f rom t he ' AUababadP i :na ,1 i ilf:l:s~ription CODI l l iPO!Scd ~ q

Sa:l i tskr i t byHods'hena,. SAns. (0) This P.rashas.t irs has been 'written in praise of Sa :mudr ,agup ia He has b ee n c ompare d with Kuber

(G od . o fW e al'tih )~ V aru na, (G od ,o'f th e O c ea~ )1 ; In dra.{ R aIn G od ) a _ n d 'V : ~ m : a(God 'o f D e n th ) ,.

, ( b ) H e w asa b ene :v ole nt k~ngw ho had .llO enem i e s ,

(c) Due 1 ) 0 hl s g a l a d qUQ:l ides and . good : a c t i o n s , . h e ha d "b ec om e th e most f "am,Qi l IS k ing of his limes fo r

sl l l~pas:s;ng t h e other : k ! n g s o . f : h i s , a g e .

(d) C ompassionate and hum blej he donated mrmy 'c ows in , chaf : ity.

(e)1 A kind m:am.:be was touched bytlhesuffer: i .ng,ofIGdi le:rs.

Q.B. uAcco l1d lng to ' I l l l l~'S l I i u l : s t l i ' V l ' s o l i 1 r ~ y~hatriY.iI:s t0uld, be K i n : g s . u · D o yOU i ,a g re e w iU : h this, , o r n o t '? Si l l P P Q r . l

) l,Qu ' r aaW Ie . r with , e Y i d e n . e , e & . 5Ans. (0) The Shaslrasclearly state I (ha l :only Kshatr.iy,as c a n become kings., But [ih.ere is e~Qugh evidence

to show t l ~ . l l , e f sof maay dl"n3s~~e:shad d i fferieriltori gi in s ..(,o,)WbHe oer ta in . BuddMst~ex ts in fe r th:a ; t the Mau r yan k :in gs b elo 'R g,e.d 'to th e Ks'ha:rr~ya caste.

Br:~h.mM leal t e xm ' , d le s o r : ib e th em as bC :'if lgof ~ o w ori ,g~n.,

(c) The S h l l N Q g a s a nd K~ n va :swhQ sueeeededthe M ~ l U r y , a s vrer,eB:rahnilin.s not .l:{sihatriyacs.The

Shaka rule rs who c arne & om ICentro!1 Asia w ere regarded as mmec heh has or ,outcaslES b y the'

B r a . h m a n ! : i .

(tt, '(he mosrrenowned r ! l J ll le r o f 't Ih f ; l : S , l I I t a v a h ; a o a . dyna.sty~Ootamiputa Silri-S,it lakani clal reed '[.0 be ;Q j

un[.que Brahman ·a nd a d estroye r of Ksha.triyas.(e) Thus .i t is c le ar that poUticid power was ' c · f fec t~velyopen t o ' a J . n : y o n l e . 'Who c ' o u ~ l d garner support

I II m '1 dh e n e c e s s a r y re sourc es a nd [ l 1 1 1 I \ l ; d y dep,e:ndd , o n "bi:rtih as a Ks h a ! t r i y , a , .

Q.9. i Ex~p~ a . i' n ti h .e rC : IU io ,ns :'or 'Ih e rra pid g r,owth or.Buddlh l ism. d'Uldngth.e nrc :Ume :and aft,erthe d,e,aU~of

Buddha. 5

Ans. , ( , a ) B uddhi~ rrn spread aU onlr Indh~!:alodabtcad bec~us'ean l . i I i ! ' . : ) 5hmpl,iC~r.l0f B l . i l ! d d h ~ ' S teachings. 1] ' 1 :

p re ac h.c d a re U g i,on d e- vo'id o f aU ' expens iv , e , rl itua :i .sand sacr~ ' f i ces and made i~access ib le [0 th e

,C ' . o m m o nm a n . .

( 0 ) 1 Therefore it appealed to ma!nypeopled.i :s sat is f ied with the eXist ,ngreligious p , r a cUoes and confused

by, the tapid.sociaW

changestak.ingplaee

· a r o u n . dthem.

, { C } B u dd h ;S !an d h~s,d i ,sc~plo s tauigh[ in Pa l i, ' ' \ 1 ! A h lc h WaJS th e : c ommon m i llri l's i a . n g u i 1 g e . Th e imponancc

g i.v e n to 'c "O nd uc ~;ill1dlfla~uesrather ttum birth" e .m p l l la s i s p .la ce d Io n M , e tt a (fe loW' fe ~ djn s) a nd

Karuna (Comp'lsion) especially farthosewbo were :youlii ig ,el':fInd weaker 8ttrac,ted people to

& u d d h 'i s m ~;ealChings.

(d) The g,allg,li la ,o rrth e mcna sric o rd er d ev elc p ed i intoa .h~ighlyorganised f raternity w hidh b ec am e an

effective inSU: ' IU' lnent f orllh e d ls sem in at ion of Buddhl~ m in [ndia a nd a b ro ad ..

{e) .Buddhislrll a l s o received I r ' o : y . a l pa~tonagle. A s . h o k a ~ KanLsha1kaand Harsha e r n b r , a , c e . d B udd hism ..

The y Icontribu.teg g re a tly to its popuJar : i ty a nd grm' l i th .



SeetiG...,)]

• A ln s ~ ~ e :r IQ'~yn~o fJ/ ,t 'h,e' fo,l low;ing ,q,llutio.'IS:'

Q I . ' 110 1 . •E: 'lpJn in how Hel'Uler Iud. othll!r 'Coi l l ' teml,omry E u . r o p ~ a n h:- 'dy,e;ners ,and Writelnl described t l u ~ : e C ' O n o : r l : l l h : '

and , soc i a: . , c o , n d i U D I 1 1 0 ,r blidj iau 'Women" :5

AiDS. (a) T liL lepraetlee of sari ac c ord i.l'!(gloiE uropean writers like Bern wet snowed the d lfferenee in th e

[ '! 'Iealme:nt of ~n1Ien in western and Eastern 900 l edes ,

(b) H.e'lloted how ehH d w id ,ow s 'W e re f o r ' l c e m . U y b ~ m t sc roe am iqg in il8 iO ny whHe man;y of the o~derWOllflien were reslgaed ~Qtheir fate,

(c ) Watnen w ere not Jent it led to 'OYf ' :11 p'ropertyaflld wereeeonomical [y dependent 0 1 1 1 man,

l { d J Unwm in ,g ® a b e illll'the Ufe:~oi t lgl e x p e n s e s ofa w i d o l w . their f a m i ly mem b e r s f o , r c e , d [ h em I lO coml ln i ' l

Sati.

ICe ) ' ' rhus ' f :conom, iea.Hy and socially [ndian wom en We ft eppeessed a J D i d , e ' X : p l . l o ~ ~ e d .

Q I . U . D c cser:ib e :!:Iiieq ualities ,of A bo~ 1 Fa z l, w .h :i ~ c b. i lmp rC 'S5cd .A k ba.r to, apfpohi l . t him,as hi~ advIsor !!Iud

: spot re sp er .s on . MILUdio.n bilsmos,! f amou s bao'k. 4+1=5

Ans. (a,) Ab 'U~ Fad w as a:rud ibe and learned. H e was \;VC Uve rsed~r ! I A r ,ab i e , Persbl : l1 an d G ilic ek p b ilosophy

as w e n as the p rtn c ip te s o fS u fiS !llh

e l l ) MQI! ' ,eover "he W i l l S , a forc e fu ll d e b a,te r md indep,end!elll~ thinker.

« ( : j A b ' road rn l. in ded m an he 'Wa scppesed t o , , t m : i i: ' v l i e w ; s onllll;! OD . n : s e r v a t w v e u lema ,

( I d ) 'These qaallries impr~sed Al s. ba r whofeh U\atAlbulf ' :azl W G u i ld h e~ p ' t he emp ero :r to f ree th e SU!tl~'

: fr·om.the c o n _ : r o m , ofth e o rlh od , C fX utemas,

I (e) A : b u l l Fazl ' s m ost fa m ous bcok W I i S th e A k bar N am a,

.12. , E~p:fa:i~. wb,y ill';a;n'~:in'go;F 'tl:~llSo ' m J c n ,~ ddllenf' WII ' I :IUIi l l 1 l i l : p o r i a . I f J , 1 r iC8 . ' ture o f M'u:gb,a I po rn~ty~G i y C l two

,exa.m,~es. ~H":Z;~:S

Anls. Grand t l :UeS\ \ "e f , e adopted. by th e Mughal El1llperors and even gtven ioon th eir nob le s ..

(a J A m an ': 5 p o si~ : iQ in in II:h e 'C O U : i1hi,erarc:hy c e n ld be: traced through t1 1e tides h e: h eld . " fw :o o f

Aur,3ifl igze.bls hwg i ll e ,s t: ran 'l dn ! no!b~eg Jill Sjn~h!lild Jaswant S in gh w e re ! ; ivenl ihe title Mh:'l.:;t1R~ ja .

(b) T ltlesc eu ld also be p,a; idfOf.Mir K:han'gaveAulI" ,angzeb one hlkh .rupee~ for t he :h ::t t,e r , a li f. f. ,~ , •N

to b e a d d e d ' to< h is nam e . - .

~c) Other awa r ds inc luded the robe ofhonour whic h W,IS a . garment w hic h the em peror had worn and

discarded ..l~

(d) Experudve g if ts , I~ k ep re c io us o rn amen ts an d th e .sarapa ..\'h~ch corns is~ed of a ' tunic. t u r b 3 1 1 1 and

sash were given b y t he empe ro rs to h is nob les. T he padma murassa. or th e lotus: blossom en c ru s t ed

w.i~J~els w as g i:v e n o nly in ,eXicep: t iona l cireumstaaces,

~ .n turn noblesnever approa!c tu:d the king e;rnp:ty handed. They usuallygave him money th e

; iJ Jm o 'lJ n~ d e p e il1 dn go n th e ir m e a n s.

(e) Gif ts iplayed an i~ p o rt!U l t symbolic F(i'llein d i p W o m a r ti c r e W a t il o u s . They we r e f,c,ga:rdcd 3 : 8 .a sig n orhO: l1JGUf an d r espec t , Ambassado rs nego ti at ,i :I 'l. g tr ea~ ie5 : betweentlh ei r re spec tlv e countr ies often

u se d gifts : io sm o e t h e n r , e l a t : i om : i s : h ~ps.

A. i I ' Js~ . ,e , .m , 1 I"e eo / t lt e Jo t lD 'w i l~g ,'lalioRs.;

. , ~ · 3 , . iExplai l l i l l w~~y a :ny gro il ll ps in BrUa to ' Q Il PO ' sed t h e l Ii Io nopo ly onhe'East 1.l1Id: iB. um p nny e ve r th e hl lde

'with ,Indm.a'odi ,Chino. 5

A.JlS.(C!) Many ,g rou ps. were oppesed 'In the monopo<~y oftlle East [ndis. Company bec ause they felt h was

n ot b en e6 ttin gth e B rw ~ .sihn atio n a s a w hole .



(hJ A n t r tC i fe a :s in . g R u m b 'e .1 ! ofptiv3:teu;:a;ders " · W a J n l e c l a shaff : . i i i ] Indi.a's. t r a d e ,

(c )B .r :i ti s h in d iuS :lr htli st$ ' wan :t'e d t o op en up t h e : ~nd I :an mar~e f [s to B r w t i s h n1li i lnuf i i lctuf ies,~

C d ) Reports o f b h e COilnpany's nl.~sru.le_d. : a ; d l m Inharn.riol:lL and .i n e idenl! i ef g r e e 1 d and oor"! l 'upHon of

!l~eCompa ! l 1y lo,ff ici .al:s~.150 c rea ted anoUllt:e:ry.

( . e ) If 'hel 'efofle~rhe Bd ' t l s : h P~Elir i ianllent passed ia series ef A c ts ~nord!e:r~o regu.~alte :Illud c ontrol U 1 lIC

CO l1 pan y~ s ru le ~ lll1 ld i . a . •

IQ .1 4 ·. ULo rd . lJ)a;~tIJousi!e:~: ' i.9f11n,el 'aU!o'~I.s (.lrea.t~d dlisidfcdi(liIillll aU ,h'e ar~SIUi l ld pri:l)l:li!i.pl!I.UUes:hatw,cn~

aunex,ed by hi fH. " ,Julst:i lfy~·ltJJes'I'3~e.,eld ~iiv~n:gllopeirevidences ·W: i ith .sp0c: i9~ r€ lr lln lnC( l to Awati ! h .. 'S

. A : I I 1 . 5 . . (a): Lord. Da lhous le "s . iul Il llex:af ions e re ate d hos tl Uty; a . 'St lmThseof ~aX lger !l !nd ~ ,e l l~ I .~hese :areas to I r e v oH

. ; r u g a . i n s , t , ~he .Bri ti sh ,

(6) ,(l)The .13~t[s :h annexed Awadh caingJllol!. i lrnds f m a ! I . - : g : . : i I I ) [[ : 1 i is tra :~ l(H !irn d w rQ n glly a ss u m,~~ that

tli:e N a:waib Wa:Bfl :t l unpapu h llm -I il Ii I. I' ~ r.On ~he C(H'IIlfl1lft)f he · v ,\ la : ~b ' )I JeaUy!aved and h is ,departl lLlre

from Luc know was m a:S :k!edby wid .e sp read g ;rk f and sorrow

(il) T h . i f ' : ernetlonal g r h ~ f 0 " t h e p e a p I 'e w~silggra V .1 1 'te c _ dby immediate [ J 1 : 3 i u : ; r . i . a J . I I ' Q s s e ' , s ,J\lw n d h

annex:ll![ i io.rn ledtn (!h!} " d i ;ssoWutio rn o f the c ourt "~ m il ~f:S'cu~!ture.A whn1e ra ng e ofpclap~c

mus~!Chms.da l f l ! cB l i " s .poe ts a nd a rtisa as tloiSttheir ]I:vel t h C H } d .

i ( i i , i ) The , a n ne x a ti e n alSlo d ~ s , p O l ! s ~ e : , . s . s e dt jhe ta~uqd :ars : .a f~he region. T he ta lu qd a rs h flc !le ~ rI ~ e i l"

l tI.a~nltain:ed a rm . e d r e ta i ne r s' buiW~"for: l :sand enjoyed a h ~ g h d e g re e af;B!l. iIfIDllo.my. B,~ l

i lmmed i . a : t e l l y Slffter t lhe anrH~~atiol~ tbe taluqdarswerre c l i s a n l l 1 c d 2 l ! n . d the Ir ' (om dlcs troycd. .

'Q . 1 S . :E x 9 '1 1 1 1 i r; u l ; th e rC:CDm .• cn, ! li I.A!. th lns Q·fthc 'C 'ab in"c l~ Mi .sJ i.o l.n , 1 94 ,6 10 e x:anlline theh:@aj l i . t~Cf ;

, o f th,e dcmalfllds (jiftbe India.r11 N i l Ii l ii o . i li 1 a l l ' C o l ] g f l C ' - S S a n t C l l. t h t ~ d ! e m u u t d l s . o f t :l li C M u s U m L.ene:ue.5

A.Ili!i. P'f\O'pO!i:I!i :~so'r~heCabhu~ilMtssilfin .~

I (a) [ndiashou~dbe a.Ll!nkln or fe de ra tion o f Brit,ish Provinces !lJlId ln d ia n sta te s haillin~ eOI~(,roll e v e r

fore~gro 3:aairn~d e fe ~ c :e Q rn c lc *ommun ~cat ion.A] l :slbjects oth er tlh :a n , ce ntr~ '1 sub je cts w ou ld h e:

ves t ed . :1:1 1heP :roV'h lCie$ .

(b) T he B ritIsh ' rov~~ce5 wouJ !d ' be d iiv ld e rl ln to th re e g r,M p$ . Gmup A co;nsisti.rn@; o f P : ro V li llflc e s

ba.vlI1l!ga tr h l l d u ma jo rity~ G r ou p , B whhMu !li U liI1ma jo r.itylm d l Group C \ \VH i hm i x e d P O ; P I U I . rndon.

(c} E tI.c .h g po 'lilp ooui d d ra ft itsown Constitution, A Constl~uellil~.A~sembly w oulld b e set t i p tori-arne

the ' I C Q r l s U t u t i o i A IQf t ir~ e eln dia , T i ~ ~ the Com;fSTituti ,oll l w as f tam ed ,@ in C !a !liew gOV l ; : r nme l 1 1 l

f o tm : e d ., a n i n ~ e r l r n ~ 'Ovemmen :~wou ' l d . CeDir!) o u t · the·a J d m i fills~ration.

C d ) T he C ab in €![ M is'S io n sough t 0 0 ,make a t ' O m p r o R l i s e between Ilheconmc~ingc laims.o f U 1 C Congrcs-s

~ndnlbe M usl i n' ) L eague and .maln tain tillile u lh y o "f ~n d~ a,!bUlthe M usl ~ m teague c i riUc i~ ed th e : pl~~I i I . i

b e c i h u s e i , t i r e j c e r e d t h e i d e a 0'( 1 P i \ l i k i : s : t a J l .

RC;jcction o f C a l ! < ! ' . i R C ' t Ml:S!: li iQnl )i r0p9S~ds :

(a) The lproposials were not accepted by both parties because bon] had matually opposed

in~c i.·!pr~·ta[iiQrn5of the p~!a i l l . .

(b) The L ea ;g uewa n te d th e g roup i ~B I to ,be oo.mpul sOry'with ; S l e o ' l : i i o f l s B :iiirndC dev 'ela 'p: ing i i n t ' o , s t : r o n g

entities 'W . i r l li l 'lJhe fg l l lm tnsecedle fromllhe unieninthe f~mre..

( c ) . T he C ong ress w ~m ted tile p rov i.rlc es to be g. i. 'Ylenhe r~h~ to . joina g rou p. lit d[d n at support the

Cablnel: M. issro~'sc~~;r i fmc~Horn~h;t tW!lou~l1grCl lp in;gs:~u! !d be ,ccmpul.so.ryat f i irstJ th e pifOV incc

wou 1<1have the r~ght, ~D s<eced ,~ a f tc . r the CO ' ll st it ll Jt ion had been f i IH 'I ,1 i iSlc.{1 ja l l ld ldecMon:s. i~eld..

(d) ' ]fh us,b od l p a n[e sre je c (,c :d H lI:eCab'ine~ M . . i s s h l r n . ~ s proposals m~ki l 1 lg p ' , a r [ i l i o n lnevheble.



I Q . •16 . E x . p ~ l a i i l i 1 t h e v j e . , . ' . s of ·N· ,iG . Bang il on 'ObjecU. \' 1e.5 RC 'solu t: iio:n' j' br troduc ' ed by Jawaho.r L a : I . Nehru. :]

Aiflll!i. (a) The re al m~noritie s, accolrding to N.a Ran;g:awere th e :p ,o or la nd the downrre dd en ..He w , e h : : : o D 1 l u : d

~h e .legal'lftghts granted by the Cons ti~ution te eachind i .v idul : l iJ I bli!l~po'intedout: its I. imi,ts..

(b) H .e fe It t h ; a ~ ft w . a s me,! l i f i l ingh:ss f o r th e p oor p ec ple m R 'n o w thallhllY h ~ ve 'th e fu n dam e n'~ ~ dright

r o O lly e and hav c 'v ariouso i V l i I .liberties unless OQ i t i :d l i U o l l s were c reated w here these t i g h t s co IJ Idbc

c t r e c d ' v , e 1 y enjoyed.

C a ) Merchenta exploit the ' trib als as does the Iuo, l ley lender Unielnneeent "magers.There is no,

ei1 e:nlienU'wy edu ca tion :arn on g th ose - p eop le .

C d ) These being,1be r e a l m i' no rr ti e :s theyneedprot:eeti,on and m uch m ore than measures m ent. ioned ii n

Ohjec i ive . R : .e s o l u t i, o n ' t o bnprovetheilf econo:mic cenditions.

Q.11 . Elp.la:in thete:,u!hings ' o f 'Guru .Nanal!l:..D id . he wa.nt (01es t abns l ~ .l new re.l i igtion '1W h at h a.IP pc n ~nCt il le

1 ~ j 1 1 f O f ' l d : s heD/Veldy abode? · 4 + " + 3 = 8

Or

E , x : p l a i . n t)il·e p o p u la rr p r . ; ; 'I . d i c O ' s 0.:£ Islb un ic tra diU o.n s •

.Ans. (d) Guru NaDa l<was born i n . 1 46 9 in Talwandl ( now known as Naekanain Pallds;tan). Uke f<abi ,r. he latdem.phas,is . on per ;:li omd d ! e w ~ . i , o l1 l t 'D God f or aua~ n i,n.g s alvation.

(.6) H e also wanted t,o a chieve a s .yn~hes i.s be twe,en th e doctr ine$, of ls la rn a nd Hinduism and create'

an ,atmos~p~e~.eo f g 'O .od\ :l j! il, peace an d hanll':lony. He bel ie ve din th e p u.d ty ,af character an d

c onduc t and W 8 S Q 'p p o S i e d to , aU f orm s ,ofd is t incdon:samQng peopIe.

(c) .Ad ·v oc e dnG , a fo rm o r n b g u l . l I a . bha:k:t i ht'lfl.rm~J re j eeted ritual hi.tic: r e U ,g i, o n . : H I ,ewas thus ngawnst

s ac r if ic e s r itu I,1 haltlls, : ima~ewomh l i p . an d sc:dpluresof lboth .Hinduismand lslam,

(d J fo r h im ~ Go d . h ,a J dn o~ e l: 1 ld e ; ro r fo rifft uod ··c ould b e re i ! l ched howe v e r b~ 'c iDnth l l ! . i la l~yw!neu:1bcr . ing

aad r epeat in .~ th e .D i v.n .e Name. f ie r ecc rmnended tlie r,ecitation. ofSatnam 0 1 1 ' its ET ti e ' t w o name,

He b e ~ ieved d llt S a tllam and M e d T i t a l U o n ,colh:llead t o s 'a j lv a t i, on.

' G e ) His ·~e ll l, ch .~ngse r e sp read th .ro ug h h is h ymns c aU ed 'shabad'~whidll w e r e composed i n th e lo ca l

l ang~a:ges ..He sa .ng these~Ylill l l1.s w ith th e aeoomplH1in l l i l lent ,e, f th e re ba b. a S" te . r i l n : g~d in , s l I W H 1 I . C i : ' Il .

pbyed by his attendant Mardsni.

, 0 0 O uru N ana k c rg anw se d his, fa l lo:wclrs in to a COD lmUm i i i t y : . 1 4 l · e a l l & o $ .e~up ru h :s fio,l ' ·c::orrgreg~li oau I

wo:r sh ip ( sangat ) invohli.ng eollecsive recitation,

(g ) T ho ug h he d id n O l '\ ~ i f$ h to es tabHsh 1 i I . I iliew l ' I e H G ic H l " . a " f t l e r h is. d e ath h is fo lle w e rs d i:s .~ ill!lg !u i$ hc d

t h emse lves ftom b eih H tod.u s landMuslim s. F ound ed a ne w re iig i,on c alle d S:ikh~sm.

(h) Guru N anak appohl~ed An:gad as his sueeessor, a.p. ; r .acl t~QewIh~ch conti.nued fowfi .e l l l"~Y 2.00 yetU'~.

Ultimat ,e .ly Gneu ( 'j ,ob ind S ingh instituted th e order ofkhalsa or the pure and ended the sys~ crn o·!II'

i P ' f r s ' o n . : d ~gurushi .p! .0,

(d) Benef in the p r ~ m n : ,i p l e '~hat thef~ i i s ; ,clrrd)/Ioue god AUah and Mo.l~allnnuldis h i s pmpl::Ict..

(h ) A MU 5U m m ust ofJ'elr plr ,ayers (Namaz.) f ive t im.: ;sev,ery d .ay faefog Mec c a aad on , F r m d a y i(J1IJ:l l lma)

~ n th e m o sq ue ..

(e ) , H e :must g"ve a [m .:s 1 : 0 ' ( he poor:. (Zakat)

( d J , H e must 'V isi~::Mec ca onee in. his Hfetime. (Iiaj)

(e) . 1 \ . Muslim nUlst f ast f rc A l d usk [0 dawn d : lJ t d l1 lg · th e ho~y.mon:th of.Rifl:mzan.

Exo"'";''''·...i '' 1 1 · . .. . · - . Pacers-u...~•;r~ ~un . ' w p ~ . r "



Q.1 8. H ow am we tr eC f :lD s, tru c t fh le po.'tiea.1 c a re er o fG s ,l! Itd h ij l .? Explai,lIIwi,tllthe ." '~'IpaflPub.lic vo i~C1C rid

p . r i ' 1 I I ' . a t e - ; s c r i l P ts• 8

lO r

W hy w~s sal ·t i thesymbol of-pIlD·tesl a·c,eordi:ng.io G.alldh.~jiI ' Explain.

Ans . (a)1 C ( m t em p o : r . a r y . rmcw.spapefs !bo~h. E n g U s h andl vemli;cLdars, privatc ' l.e"el"~a n d go'V'er.nmern. records

have ihe lpe.d to r ,c c on stm c t th e p oU t.ic a Sc a re er ofG llIodhiji. -

(0) P il:j'V 3 !l: e : Ie tt, et.s g J ve u s a g lim p se ' , o f - a l l ~ndh(iduaP's, mos:t pr. iv .atie thoughts . ' In ~eth~.r. ' i la n i ndwv ,i clu al

expresses hii -saJn~ef!,pain .anx: ie:ty~ hopes and &us.t ra .t ions. rn ways, they may not express t h e r l ii lS C l . 1 ves~~k I,(c) But th :i s p . ri :v , a l~e -pub l ic d i emi li fca : tiDo of ten b reak s doWEl. . Ma,ny .Ietters are w.ritu:n to .lndiVliduals

and · though p e : r S Q r u d are , a b o meant r O i rthe pub lic , T he . I a n g u a g e ofthe h ! t I I l e r s IS Q f t e n shaped b y

t in e 8 W m - ,e n .e - s s ~ha!'hey m a y o ' n , e if ! a :y be p l I l b U s ! h e d .

,~d)Con ver- sd y th e f ear th Si~ a.me:'l:termay get into print o~ n prevf .!intSp eop l e from e~prcs : ! i ing their

op,[nion fn!!cly in per sona l ~e tte ,r !i.Mahatma aa!ildhiregufar~ypU lbUs l \ed ' ·e tt er s Uuu o,therswrotc

to' h im ~ nhis J O : l J m a . 1 H arijan. N ehru edited udp ub lished ,1 1c ' l : d h : : c : t i o n o f !e tte r~ w r.itre :n [0him

during th e Jtilt~Oill~~ movemen t 'knownu 'A Bunch a- fOld Leners',

(:e) Aurob:iolrn:p,hies. a.~so·gi.veus-an .acc@illnt,of·tlhe past wMeh. is ric h .in human d l e < t a H . Btl~ one. imUS1

remember lh.at these are r·etros:peclwvea!ccounl:is,w.r.rt tcn : frmn .memory~ They ten us whit th e

' l u the r 'GoiIJ~drec-o~teet a nd how th e Hthoir w a I n t e d h~:s,~ire v ~ ew l e d by others.

0 0 h1 read i lI g an . autob:io1g ra:p ihy we h av e to deduc e what the author :is not telling; us and we need to

und1ers tand t l . i 'e · reasens : F t l r that si lence.

(g) Offic i.a ,1 ae eounrs on [he e the r hand a rc ve r.y d i,tm r:e tm t.They w ere base d on IP o:1e e i . l 1 . f o ~ . r n ; l t i o n

ft·om t h e :Iocafities tlut ,oJt,c .n·expJc-ssed whlatt l te .Idgber o f f i : c t a : l s wanted to b eUe v e .

C h ) WhHe beiD.g.awareofthe p o s s i b H i t 1 i e , s cf,~rebemo.ll occu!I'.rjng.,they w o u h : t . s t i U Hke t o p i !le t e ind Illa:l

nothing WU , s m . w S $ , .

(z ) A :st:udy of the F O r M i g f a ! t l y reports ofl!heDandi March shows ·t1 ta r~h e H om e D e pa rtm en t was

u f liw [ lW i.n g~ob e1 i ev e~ha t Oandhij ,j "s ac ; th :m s h a d evok ed anJ yent hu sia s~ : ic J l " e s p o n s e : f rom the

m asses. T he m arc h w~ s seen as an dram a or a . desperate e ff ort to mobUwse pe.op1'iewllo were

umw iU in g .to ' ris e aga in st the' B ri tis h.0,

(a) T he sl.lt ti l iWiS,ga!ll 'e~he s.tate a mDnopo~y on the IUU1uf:adu.re a n d sale of s ; a . . I ~ .T h~ s,w as; Ih us on e

o f t b e mest d i s U k i e d m a w s inB-rit'ish l n d ia .

(h) SalE was :indis;penSiabl,ein ·II lY loo,ia:n hOllseho.td y le t l p eop~e c - il iu ld not make s alt e v e n for domest ic

useand bad to buy i:~q .,om sh op se t a h ig lh .e r p:rioe.

(c) The 8 : 3 0 1 1 1 1 : Ja-ws dcpr I v ed tillel lp leop[e of th e benefi'l '$ of - vduable v i !:Ia ge . lndus:hy. Moreover to

p'Fi!.vent~eoph.~ftom harving a.cc.ess to n < l l 1 I : I r , a i l sa lt, ton s of salt were d estroy ed ..

(d) D!.Uii 'troying th e e xtr a n atu ram sa lt . i :n y o l v e c l .n a t w o m d expendiwfe and the sa lt tax itselfwl.lis 3 .hea\ l~ '

.bU fde·non . t he p eople ,

(e) Thu s ttle sa ~ t ~ aw swere: deep l : y unpopula r a nd mildnlg the se laws:h is ta rge t, .G andh i sough•.10: m : o b . i H s e a : w id e . r d i S l C O n ! ! e l 1 £ a : g a i n 5 ~ B r w d . s h : r u : l c . -

IPART-o l

[ S O 'U .l'lce/J :ae d{l!u l1 :J l;u ns ]

/ l,e ad th e B ir tl e; "exl l iUC,ts .ea.refully and QI ISw :e ' l' t lJ , (l " . u . e s t . i U ' 1 I 1 (questions J , to 21) , t n a t . l o ,l l o w ; ~

Q. U I I . . Life i . n a sman v I i U a . g : e

Th e H a l ' s i 1 . a c n . a r i l a lsa b iog rap hy 'of Ha:rsha:wrdhfma,.~he nne r ,o f K a n a . \ l j , ' comlposed wnSan,skr i t by

]94 '7~ f / I i t ' 4 ( f ) , Hista.ry (XII)



h ls ,court poet, Banabhratta, (c. ,sev en lli 'o en tu .ryCE ) ..T h isisan e xc erp t f rom [h e c e l l a , ·an ,extreme Iy rare

re pre se nte tlo n o f : u t e ina slr:tUementon the ollltskids of a fo:r,est in th e V indhy ,as .

T he o ul,k im bein.g, f or "d le most part f orest; m an y piillrce~sor·rice,~.and, thresh:ing ground :and ,ar,ab:lc

land were being appor tl ened by sm all f aim ers ... it was mainly ' :p ', adeC : U U U : ilC '• •• owi ng to tile d if t-ku Illy0f

p.lollghing the ;spa:rse~ scaU '~ . r ed f :i ie !d .s , co,ve red w[(11 tgf,aSS'l ww th ~ h : e c i : r few ,c 'k~arspaces, t :he: i: rMaiCk so~ I

sUff,as Ma c k iro n ...

There w-erepeGp le ma,y.~rn! aJ'Dlg: witl'! bund les o bark ... ' C O U I n . U e s s sacks, of p l :u 'c ked f1 lowe f s • .. . l oads

o f fla x a n d lle .m p ' l!: :iu nd ~ e s. Iquail~,de;sc ,f b , o n . e y j p e l u ; o c l k . s ! ' t a r n I,fea~bers,.\wea,ths of w ax . l o g s , and grass.

V i . J .I a :g e ~ i v e s h .a S t e n e d e n Iroute f u r n .e i a J d J o u r . i .n g · v i l l a g e s , a ll in te nt o n t h o u g h t s o f s ai ea p d b e a fi :l!l.g o n

their heads ba-skets fU led ww~ hvarious gatber,ed forestftuits.

(l) Descdb~ the life oflhe peop l 'e en fheDutsk,irts of.a fories~i~ the V indhyas"

(II" How d i e l l ' lhepeO!p~e0 nbc vU ,tage eMi l 'l . the i . rUv i .ng '' ?

(iii) De : s'c r ib e t~ e ' i .fllfo fi ll1 : lli tl.o n 'Woe g e ~ ftmn 'th e i l l l :SiCrlpl ioll1s8!boU l~.f and ; g r , a n t s .

ar

. 3

Ru .!e s 'J oli" .o li Jlk s am i d ,1 iI I1 lI 1I 'I IS . ,-

These ere some of II,a rules la,id down in the Virna,ya P i ta .k :a J . :

W hen a ' n l e w felt € blanikclt ' lrug) has b een m ad e ~y a hhlk/ch,(" 'i t ~ isto b e k ep t f O l r (a~ leas :t )s"x.years, I faf te r

less th an six y ears he sho.u id.hav e another new Fel t I (b l ,an~ef lrug) made. r e , g a r d l e s s , , of whet 'ne ll "o r not he

has d .s po s'ed 'of th e fir,st. !then - un r~S8 he bas been a : u t h o l r l s l c d b y the ,b ,h ik lc h r tS - it is to be forfc:lled

a nd c on fe ss ed .

In , case a b/~ilkhu.ardY.~rng :8~a ·faJlU y re sid enc e 'is ,p re sented w it:h c akes o r ,eook' c d gr ,a i n-mea], he Ifmy

a cc ep rtwo o:r~ h:re ,ebow~fu~s,if he S ID deii~s. Ifhe s h'o ,u~da c c ep t mo re ' l i h : a n that" ~ \tws:~obe: (:onfeDe·cL

Havlinga:.ccept,ed, t h e tw'o 'o r t b r e e b o w l,w ls a n d h a v~lIlgtaken , th e J m f ro \ m t he re ', he l s to s h a r- e H I J I ! In

lU l1 .o 'ng the bhik .khus. Th is i.s tb e p r ope r e c ru rs e here ,

Shou:ld. al l ly . l ih: ikkhu) having se t oulbeddl.ng ilDI l iodgin\g belonging 110 th e s ang lw ' _ , or Ihav ing 'had i t

,setOUlt- a nd . 'th en o n. de:parting neither pu t it Iw,ay nor have it put away, or shou ld h eg p w itih c_ lut taking

'Ieav,e~ l ' I : is 'to' b e c o nf es se d.

W De sc r~ b e th e ru te s 'p resc rib ed . f '7 ora b !h .i.k kh uwhe n an ew b~ank;e~as made b y him. W as . i ' l

jllIs~ iAed? . ,3 ,

(iO EX!p~la in ' lJheru l as fe r g o,in g to bh i k :sha a t th e d ooli of someone,

0 ' 1 , ; ) E x p , IJ ; ; l . i: n 't h c . r u : l. eF o l I'p u n . io ! J ;h in g ~ h e b l! 1 l i : k1 < .h uY 'o ;~ I !i I Bw . it h o u t le a v e .

'l!•; )1

.Ans. W T he people: e:ultm vated ric e and galhef1 ed d l f f e f 1 e n m , types. of l1o:res :t produce. S pade c ulture pn:::vaU ,ed

as p l ' ou ,gh in I8 the .s p,a rs e:ly s ca tte f1 ~ d f ie ld s w as difficult. Thevillage women sold their fo.res1

,e d - ,. "- · t i l - - . ' hlb u _ . .' 'V'UIlI' -e.sro uoe wn . e nelg, 0 __n,g t_ !.._.

00 The people of ~h e 'vmage learn'fldth:eir n'Vlng b y :agr.icultun~ and b y .sell in s '[ orest p ro du c ts Uk c

h O ! n e : Y " ' ~ " " , a x , 1 i v o ! Q i d . g : l ; i i l s s a n d : f h , w e i r . s .

(iii) Thisscurce Is ·sigl:il~.fi,ca~1:as I~ .h..dleates ~ha t th ougb w tn ,m ,e nwe -f ie no t supposed ~ o have

independent' access 1 : Q R : :J iO U f1 c e s : , as .~an.d, , [ ih~s,ru le d~dnot , ap iP~Y 'o Prabhawali . because .~fue a s

a . q l1CCR. M O l 1 c o v e r th is in :sc d ptio :n .a lse g L v , e s , us an, ~ d e l a .b o u it 1 'U 1 1 i ' a i 1 p O i P u i a t i. D I ' iI S I ' "" B . r a b m a n a s ; ,

pe:uan ts aad o ther s \~h l! )lp (" iQiv ided, faage ofprodace to theki.ng Of hi s representatives. Ac cord iing

t,o~be i os c ri .p two 'ns the I'pea',ple of the "mage ha.d to ,obey the new' I.ord to wbom th e la nd w a s

donated aed pay him all the i r dues, Land s r , a n r t s l'" ke th ~ sone also pf,ovUJedinsights l into th e

re lat lonstdJ ls between th e peasants ( Jf Id ~he s,ta~,e.



1 0 ,

{t) .A b hikh ~ h ad to e nsu r:e ~ h~ ii!it:h isI . 1 : e : · w bhtrnbt luted fo r , a~rne asts ix . y e ars .rn f'b e fu r·e s ~ x ye a rs . h e had

a :D!o·~herne m;~de :w. i tholWt perm:jss l ion i~aste be ~Qrfe i~ed. " I t ' w a s jusit:ifled a s th ese rulcswclfc

f ramed. . w~ o . l : \ c J , e r ~o teacf f il tb .em th e d ig n ilty o f labour : a n d tQ , e l i l a l b~ethen) to leadfru~i~dand . a u s t e r e

lives,

(i')t \ V i b t e _ n " h e v i s i l t s a n y h o : u ~ e h o1 d a n d i s , r P l r e s ! e n ' U : : d w : i i l i f i o o d he w as t o aeeepr ()inly two o r t h tee

.bowls with food, . f o o d s h o u ld ah:,o betaker:l to the. :S ianghaJ. a nd s : h : a , r w : d ' W i t h fu e l o t : n : e : r B"hikku!} ..

(r ' iQ~f b e '~es,witlli!touttakiilg..e a ve It ls lO I be con fessed i .l1Ifi(\on~ ofr!h e S a ng ha ..

Q.20. The bazaa.r

P · ae s .g i v e- sa vivid d e : 5 J Q r jp ~ r u o t n .G i ll i e b !B l .U I \U ' :

O o r n m g f o f 'W l l !w d t y o u h . a .v e a b : r o a .c ll n d ! b e a U i t l f l . i l . 1glfee~.•. I r n t h , i s s t r e e t H v , e m~~ym.erchantsj• a r n d t h e r e

y o n WI! U f i i n - d a U s o I t s o f r u b i e s ~ a n d . d w a m o n d l s . . a n d emera lds , . , a r r u dpC8ir1s" and ~!eed-peaJds:,andcIOl'h;:h

an d ev ery o~!Jersorto:fd:l~I[1ig t~eil'e is l O i n earth r u 1 I d t h ~ ~ ymu m ay wish to buy ..Them y l o u hav e there e ¥ l e r y

e w n l i n g a f a ir w h e r e tI~ey s e l I .many , o o m m o n h l; ) r s e s a n d 1 : lJ I 3 g s : ! a J n d . li it $ O many dtron:s· , f lnd I Ii m e s , ; iand

orange.s:" and grapll; is,8i l i1d eveiry Qtlrne,rkind o"fgaJliden Si~~ and. wood; you have a n , in t i l l ~s streen

M O . r e g e n e ra ] W y.h . e d e i S io l :' . ru b e d , [ ) b e , c it y a s b e in g ~ 1 h e b e !S J t - iP ! I 'm d d ! e d d q in t . f fi l . ewa:rl!d ' ~M~h t l l i l e m a r k e t s

~~stockedwilhp:.ro\i 'ts,~Qns :S u c h a s : r : i c e . ~eat~ g r a w l s , l;nd~ a.eem and a celt~i.m · ! li l1 f l! o u n t 0 f 'b,~ u.I' eyand

b ~ : a l 1 i s. m r O O i : i l& pu;l:ses,ilndl JtorSle~gr.i : l irnl"'!lII[ ' o f w l d c h we r e che.~y a n d . abu f !J dan tl) ': lI v aH ! li b J e . .Acrorrling

00 1 Fel f l i . la 'O·NUl1 l i , ~ ~he VU ay ll !l1 lagJra m[mke 4 sW ' C [ ·e u oV !e d : low ~ng w.~~ha ln u lId a r n c e o f f h ; a l f t s ~ g m l p e : s an d

o r . a l 1 l . . g ~ c g ; ~ Umes~,po 'megrana l t e ,s ! , j : a c k f t u . i t a n d i m a n : B J ! J I e ' S l a n d a :1 I wl I 'Y eheap " , M,ealtoo \W !ll s old l i 1 1 l ' 1

3bulfld:an:ce In~he markelpl:aces. N 'un iz des( lr~bes "~ .mU! tl oQ.pork~ vc :n is .on. partr.id,ges, bares. doves.

,qusU and a l I k ~rodsofbh'ldf :h Splil'fOWS~ .~!I.ts.and I c a l l S and ~ Izard:sJ~as be ingso,i .d i in r l1 :em a l ik le~·ofB i !i l. ll il lg ! ll

f \ l i j i a y a n a g a r a ) .<II '

0 ) ·De .s c rl be '~ l le~ bazaar , a r i l d be8Ui t i fu .~ s : t m ' , e e . t aJnd .m y a , t h e r r su ch street y o u h"a¥e s e en , 4

(i~)[iow can Y O U l g ; [ . a d e IId~ a s ~he. In~s[cHy? E x : p , . ~ a i n with e , x :a m p h ; l , 1 :

(t.m Give a b rie fdesc r.ipdoD e < f V : ,j a Y 1 J : n a , g a r a ma.rkJets as , o b S l e . I i ' V e J C I . b y FemaoNUin.iz.2

Or

De ~l l fi ll h i li ga . r !! ll :r aEg i~1 i

ll'h i:s e xc erp ~ crom. a s uf i~ lC .x tdeJ$crtbes. t b e p W 1 ( ! 1 c e e d h l lg s . t l! t Sha.i.kh Nimmlddiin Auliy'a's h e s p ie e h l

EU3:

I (~he a.utho!r~Am:ir rffa~MIS ij zi! ) h ad tl~ e gQ~d f O i f ~ u n e : ofkiissinG. h~s (SIta:H c.hNi jz~ ~fn. ld , tNnAu l ' iya.~) f e c I. , • .A t :this t imea Ieeal Iriljller had S~fa!th[RiI the de<ed.of" Gvm.er.ship·w t : \ . v , o g a r d e n s and .much hlnd~ a~ong

w i t i r u the p r o v i s ~ o n S I M ' l d . to o ~ i \ lf !o i r ~ h : e i l r m a i , n t e n . a n c i e . Tillie ru~er had aim .made l'[ c hn'!!l'~ ha t h e w a s

r e : U r i q u l f s : h i r n g , l . l i , n h Is ri !; ih ts to b o :~ lli le g ~ fd !e ls a nd ~ a !lldT ih emM ~ e li '... h a d l1 ;O i t: a c c e p t1 e G thl1 !i tg Jfl.

I M s ~ e a d l he had 1 1 : a l 1 1 l e : n t e d . : uWha( l:ul-vel t o dG w~® h g a i r d e . n l l 'and .ie·.~d:s,a i l 1 d l a : n d i S ? •..N on e o f • • • " Q ! l : rs p i r . it la . 1 1 m a s l1 l: i r s h a d engag~~ID. s u c h . adivity~~

T hien h e teld , i U 1 1 , appWlpd i l l t e siUJry: ~i••,.S u han aldyasudd~ l~ ~ .oait thail: time was s M Uknown as U[~igh

K h ! ! l I n ~ c a m e te v - h ; : i t S h . a ~ k h F 3 l J " i d u d d r u n (a l l i ld).offered 80m"e ' mon i ~ yru l; d ow n e r sh ~ , d e e - d s lo r fo u r VUii~S

Withe S h , a ~ l k i h ' I [ ; b e m o < f l J e y b e i n g fu r ~ h e b e n e f i t o n h e u ; t e - r v i s i h . c s (:sufls)~an.dtf1e ~ . a j n . do , r h i s . use. S m ! . :U f I .! h

8haikhal .[S I .am . (Fa!!"idudd in ) sa id : iG iv e m e tlle I l 1 l o r r u e ~ . Ewi ll d i r s $ u : : n s e rt~othe de r v i: she 'S " B lj jj ~as fo r

t h o s e . 1 !! I m l d ll ! ) e C i s " . l c ! e e p t hem. T ~ C i r e UeQ1Ui ! l ly w h o l : o n g f lO r t i l i i le m . 'G ~ v 'C m em a.w ay "to s u c ~ p . e r s o n s , · · · II

W E~p1:iin Jthecc:.n:te~ntso;f~J:redeedsent by the kiL~godl:re Rev. Sha.i kh N~za .n ludd :in Au :1iya. J

0 : 0 Wh;y cU d m e S h a ~ t l h Sab~b d e c : l i n e to h a : - v e [ ID legift ? J

- (Ut ) Wha,U d ~ d. th e S ha ik h a d v i s e w : do w i ! t l : ii lthe ,gifts '? 1



Ails. (I) T Itt~ str~ wel'e l;iro:~ .dan d wide. Many I lI c rc ihan lS 1iI~ en th ii s tf ( le is, nnd l r 1 ad mally diif't'erenl

: types .o f ""a ires . .All sorts 0f ;rubies!td~ am())!Idsand p re cio us s to ne s w er e to b e f ou nd h er e . livery

f¥el l l ing a . t i t i i l r was h eila where I la g! ! a ll d] ' CO l ll :I U0 1 T ilhorsts w e r e sollil.•Wood. diilferelli.z y p e s offfl.irs

: Ii ke l ime , e rang .e ·s . g - rupc s and Q t h , e < f g ard ellp rod uc e w ere a lsoav alla hle f or salieh ~re _

U O A ' good : dry WQl, l , ld b e o n e w 1 r t : k i l 1 , pr, I i }V ' . ided lhe b 8 i s i c e i v i ( ; liIm e n ,jti; es O ln d w h ns em a rk ets w e 're ;

s t o o k e d willJil a ll 'm i le necessary ptovisitlllil w : 1 i 1 : i c h l i " v e ' r . e availab.le a f cheap I l r i c e ~ .

(ift) , . A . c c o r d i n i , g l o i f e: rn I 1 C ' NW l li i th~Vlj.ayal ' lagll i" mOl~ ~ e t sw e re o ll io 1 'e rl l J O w h lg W \ T ~ 1 t ! fj it lr.~ C 1U~ I i .k l l ld1~J i I k e

gr~PfS,Q,rat l .ges, jact.fh~lit; 8 1M I: r!U U 'l.g o es . T he se w e re ,~v:aila .b~e;~t:! i \ery c b e~p ~a te s .M~a.~ss ,aliso

found] j l 1 l .~bl! l l l { : lance. Ni1I!nh: I T ! e ,m i o u s ' th a . t. m u t to n , : n a r , e . , ' 1 u e J I, . a l J i I : k i i i , d l - ~ o f bi.rd!i, t a i l S and I ~ : ; ; ; a r d s

wen.!"~oI~din tbe ~lIJlariketsf V i ij n y a I ' H : J f l8 r . .

O r

(i) A~CDrd jJ iigo t he d eed: t h e k ing hild ~,iV¢ll'~heS l : 1a j l k i h the d ee d o fow; ne rs hi p ertwa gardens. il 1 0 i

of]and alom;.wlth :lhe mCi'l l lSlQ· mai!ilta;iu them. H e .had alIso deai~ n:1.il i lqU;i~.li l l;:dhis dlgihts i f . ! this

prope rly . .

(i') T he S haJik h dec lined. th~ gi.tl ail b~ had: !lO' Wit : . fo 'r s l! ich ' I Y 'Or . ' l d l y good:S . Nmu:: of b ts slp;iritua.1

p re de c es so rs b a d: 3 C O O . l l ' ~ e d f sueh gmn lj ; f ur theluse:]vcs. Moroover.h~B;t.e1 i eve c l l i~e .al l s u fi s< !intS

i n a tl st er it y and th e llil a : i r n e n o o , c o i f )o f f i l l d i ~ c e t r o m w{i~!rdl'yp O ' ! A A : r :

(iil) The S~ ? lj kh a d:v .is etl 't:h~kiJlg t·o~~ep '~l~ea n d : a t n d ttl g.ive Mttlms,i! 'w h Q . t o l : l , f ! l : e d f or th en '! . He ·wa s

c :~men~ . l~ aooe,pt the I c a s h which I c o , u ' ~ d .be used to fii.IUU .uIO t n : t m e d iato ~n!qQJ~;rem£[Itsof l:ii~~

follo:wer.s. I.e.., f l O o d , ciotb~s n d , ri t m d 1 1 t i ! 'C ~ s s i · t ie s . .

Q ;'2 1. W h A I dWlUld tIiIequal,ities ofa III3:fjo.llalllilWguage·~ '1A :fe w m~rl tbsbefore . h i s : d ·e ! l~ i l Ma! tam taUand :h i [Iilit~ra·te(! ' h : i$ v i ews on th e la ng uage . q lJes t io l 'l :

T h i s HlMUS; lan i sheald be :ne ithe r Sa.udf:dti~dHindi not P ,e~ iald sed U rd u, b ut a h ap py c o m b i i i u l ti o l 1 J

of bo· t I~ .]t sho'u.M also,frec:ly adm it werds ,wher ev er n ec e ss ar y from th e d i ff e r' e ll tr e g ,IO li fi a .1 l ,a : ng l !l agc~

nnda lso ru ;~ i rn il at e wor,ds rn i1 l '1 l ' l lfme ~gi i1 la: i I lgl l :B iges, l i w o r ' l ' i d e d . that t h e y c a'll m ix well < lin dellS.i[y I N : u l h 0 I iH'

n.ilt l loj j~l: 1 a n g l , ! ! a _ g e ~ Thw eur n a ti o[la ! i m lg lla g e l:lili\llSl I k v e l o p I:I lJt 'O r ; i c h a nd lPoWe<rf l ! l ,1 tns tn . !mc ln

c'l l 'J;l l l.biJ!M}f,exprnssil:lg ' !he who:~e galfl l i lJt of IlU:mi'.Ii i l ldumgiu, i i f i :d ~emIJI l ,g~.To ·!1;:onfineQ'!l 'emlf ~o lHind:i or

U rdu wc mld be 'ilcrimJl': a1~3;i[ljslJ ntJ ell~ ~ e tle c a lld t h~ ! ~p.ir iU)fp! 'l tr iol i:m1 .

.HAJUJA,N$EV. ,u i : . uOCtoher J 94.,

WI .Em!mi l l ie ·the vi,e'ws otOIl i~dl l iJ i on rh e ling!!age 'issue. 4

(iJ) no you agree · w i t h . IttiC v i( :w~ ~ fG an dh ij j 1 G i ve fi l<lLson!. 2

(iiI) Explain w h y H in di £ nu 1U rd u ~ t ! I J I 1 ; o o .growil\g apart. 1

Or

Th :e , p rQI l~ ( )m wi lh s ep a rode e l ,e l !1 to ,rn ie si

A t th e RO IJ :n dnble (;ord'e:rcn,ce Mahati irul Gamlifli Slated! :h.i~a;rgili' ili1il1~ ag ain st sep arate e le ctorates f or

Ih~D~ressed Classes :

'~h~p~.!litelectufates.~laf the " U ~ t O [ ; C h i i b l ~ ' " wiUe;nsure-tbem b . o n : a :a ! Q , e : i i l l ~ e : rp : .e t ll l i t y • . • Do ) ' : 0 1 1 . 1. \ f i l d l i ' i t . the

" U n t rm d ; m b i e 5 " to r1\;lmiliiil"Ul'loouchOl!ble"Sr'fa r ' e ly e r 1 W e U •. th. c s cp~W ~le:t,;t¢!'@l~S w ( : m J : d l p e ' u p e i : L ! ! l ! w

tb e stigma. 'Wh :a t is needed it s t i l l$! iLrucl ionof · ~ u I' Ito uc ~ ~m o /" , Iln d w n : e n you have do 1 1 0it , t i l 1 ( l bar-

S . i R i S J l c r , wh,ioh h a s b o e e n i mpos e d b y m i l l. : i l D s o l e n ' t " s.u p s :r .i ot '· < ; .J 8 $ $ Ii :p G ! l ; '1 '1 • 'infer i o r " elass wi Iii be

oe;stroY·f:1J. W ~ell you have des,tl'Qyed the' ba:r·sini.ste.r t(ll whom will you !,lN e t:hc sepilr.a.le-

e l~mra~~s l'

(I) E xp l aDn tllleyiew~ o f Gafldhijli , on sepailfate el ,ee1:Ora!tesorill!c ~ii$ ~ c l:a sse -~ 3,

(il) E;.;,p.lll~ll.he views ,of Ambedlk:ar QQ ~aratel electerares, J ,(fj.f) C : Qm p ~ e rh e v ie w s o fC la ii ic lh U .! $ ii ld D r. Am b e d k!)r a n d glv e Y~Jiur 'o.p· i i l1~ol l i , lh tw o r easons , l!

Examina tion P ' lp ( !r .~ 191

J



1fl . .

~i

IArn5c. (i) (ii i) M r i ! m ~ m ~ . Cla:ndni r~lt rnat ~l i rndusta" j w a~ a I lU l rguag , l. ' ll ii a t t h e : ctlmmollpeopte o o t . 1 l d e \ O l , Sily

un.d(frll.llttnd.

(Ii) Hi l il .l h .l is t !t fi i. wh i ch was . iIb. lend onnndi lin d U rd u w~ p U piu la r IIm O :Q ~ it hu ;ge se~ t i j) il Ot!J: i1i

p e op le , M ov e QY e Q : i t w8$8 c ( lmpo . ~ i l. e l anguage e r u . i c : i l e d i by th e in~efactiQifl. ,of d i ~ t s l ! l

: c u l tl l: f 'e s . .

( e i ) Over~he )"e'af.~ words am i ·term s f r o n r l m a n y d if f::e :re nt sou rc es h lld b ee n iIlCQlfp9[~led ifllo

ill~!lO ! I . m . s l . iI E l . ; f ;l ~ m r od ng , k e -a s.]iy ul ldJer. lnood b o y i 1l~l: l iPr.~l 'oiJivarioU!!> reg ; i om.

C d ) A c a o r - d u l t g 1:(1MaJha'ln:li G i i n d h . t H i i ' l d ~ th < ln i , \Yould be ]jle- i d i e a l l ; ; u l g . u a ; g e OfOOI1JlI:rUlfltl!:il!:ioJI

between d iw i fse commullill;ies.lt wo·1.Ildhe~p· ~o' I l I r d r y Hindu s, " ," d M lI ~J il fl is f ind t l : 1 ~ : p e o p i ef rom. d ie : n ·o rl ih and ~OIlllih.

(ill :1 a , g r e . e wilih G andhi's view as lise o f s u c . h a . hmgug e w 0 1 ) l k ! · s : n o w h u l i 3 J 1 ; s [POexpress thewhole

g < I m 1 l : I l o f ' J !I I ; n n a T I ~hough l1 i l ' l d f , e e l t l l g l l . U w~ i I .I ld a ls o < II c t1 l.s il I l I n i l f y i l . 1 g J a c t Q f i i i 8 1 . ountJ ry: r ~ l / ~ r w i l h

di1i{efSe:t'i1i~hii' i i f i d l< l~~~.

(jil) H ind i i ln d U 1 ! ' d . u g r e w O lp a n . O l iS a l l lg U ! lI g e became il!!sod~d w]Lh~hepo·lkics of:re!igiou~ idejni[ico8.

There was an atlem,pt Ito S a n s k r i t . i , s ; e H in di p urg in g i t of<) l l lwo:r< is of Pers i an ~ndA :r oh i e o :r .i gi n,.

U i d l u . , en th e o~he:J1l lul i l ld, 'Wi ll> : ~ e i l 1 gi!lc~<I.&i.]gly Pet,g i~rI : iS i . ldl .

O F

(l) G a l : l d i h . l· W ' l' I s a g S l i: n st s :e p Q I ra .l ~ e : l ~ t O J r ; < ! ' r e ! !,b e l : : . ' U l l ~ e : h e f e ~ l ; 1 t n i i l it l i \1 3 S d : tv i s l. v e ,] 1 1 : n a lu r e ' ; . I l ' J d wl,dd

f i n tb e ; J l' I i lQ l ll rh : e IndiaJlI s o d e t y . Hebeliewd ~ h B ; t it Wl !S ~ e r 1 :0 ' L h i : n k in. liil:l'm~of all 0 l i i s i l i l l g .

U!lItol ! lc l tabUity r c a ~ h c r 11m l l . h av i m S s e p ; e ra te electorates.

(il) A:mbe.dkru: O i l ' I !h e o lh el ' h and, f eh th .u l ' tb eu ll tO " ll cl ia bt tl 'S bad been suppressed f a . r C > e ' l I I l ) 1 r i c s and

not got justiee from the m~jQdl.yCOmmiLl l 1wly . COTlsecal!ent:ly by m:e~ I~s Of w-pern :t t e l. ec tor .< I t~~ ,

~ h . C ; Y W 9 U J l d g .e t t l i e s oc i a l l ) J 'e S ' t i g .( .n !n ~ 'S ~ a ! 1d i l : l g w l a h ; :h crul ! : I i i - i l c l l u ired by p o H I ; i c ~ P.QWlli",.

( ibj, ( lmlnJ ; lhOiwar. I' t, cd [0 ge t to ' ! l 1 11e r e e t o rt h. .e ~ :mQ 'b I ,( :m lifld E 1 i b o l i s ! : i D n ~ o ~ c l \ a ' b i l i t y i t5e~f , D r: , I \ ,1i I1bedk[ i [

f e ll t ha t I'lQ l ' itic:3ll~o~ w~ t h~ roa d w li lk h wou ld : l ea d wtheemanclpailotl'tlfh i s p ee p le , l f ee lt h at G a n dl i l i v ie w i s lI}o're ~g;Ulld 1IS:abol ishi i i l iE: I i n t o U i \ : :l lu i t b i H t y w o u l d br]lIg diem a [ p " r W ltb oth er

taste~ while ' s epar il te c lo cr or at ·t !\ s wou ld ~QIW seeds 'of e . ! i I v y ' aiidh:!iltred min on g o th er c as~es .

r

---.~-~-~



II PAR:r-EI

Q.ll. Om Ith,e gi:ven poliU,tal G i g _ l i n . e m;ap o f Imd ,ia m:a. .k .a nd .la be l l :be (o~IO\ -v . i lf lfg I li a r a ,p pD i ln : s i re s :

Lo lha f , Uhuh !l v ir a" KaU:baogauj ; R.a'u!gl'n!lr,Bana:wali.

,O r

On th! tlg) iiYeD ,po~i , l ical l 'Olu tU ne m a,:p of In~ J:ia III Dirk ,8ml hlbel a ny (we Icenires, ,of IIlI,e.Ind:~un Natl i rl lg ,D ~

MO¥em:ent

An,s.

p·OUUCo\\L

INDIA

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"Cn ", ',. I~CO, ',® ',' ,'" c~O~, ~~,~ . ,Hist tJPJI (XII)

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Ans.--I

INDIAPQUTfCA[(:'

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'..oi,lIl.

1.'1-

,r : , i ;,.I~! r.i",.~

('~.~•• ~'~'KalnGh;Q!i!_a~

I I

, .

N o re , ; 'Tlut ·following , q u , e ; ' , t : i ( } J , F I ; s ,are , O l f , 1 y /o',r ~'t,(!B l i" ,d Ccmldldfl, t ,e:J il l lieu ,oJ tile 1 N , a p ,qu,(!I, t iol , f[r i

(Q .Nfl. 22,omI23),.

Q-,"Ii';l'lI,jpriJli

10 '1

Mention I i i iV,i !CflDtres: allbe I l m d : i i a n N a , ti o f l l, a J Mo,vcm,ent.

Write th e D , I U 1 I J l i S o :f ;m :y Dve :p la c e's u nd er D a b'tI~,,A.kbllr a n d , A n.ra ngzeb in India.

4 0 2 '~I"".f» ,His topY ' (XI I )

:5



Dc' ,om nUN'Question,s I[S"." IIIQ.l. \\'1 10 ,roooldy com posed the OritgihUi[ tnt oCMah:Dbh:a.rafa '? Wb:at eJ!se , dM they de , ?

Ani.. ,(a) Odghtally 'lb e Maha 'b l: tm ; at a wa:s compoSied by bairds.

(b) The b : O i n : l ll a .o c o m l p a : n ~ e d the' warr:iO'ni, Into banle and w rote puem.sce!e;brati ng d le ~ r v ic to rie s, a nd

'G~her aeh ieveme:nts.

< : ; ! ' . : 2 " M,en tlon two i l: :.har~u~ :ter i: !l :t icre'atu_res one.lDp,~c a!I.II l I :plci Ies,in ' f t I l u ~Vi i jayanagar ,a e , m p E r , e . 2 :

AdS. (Q ) The l em:p1e ' com,pl ', e:xes were c J h a r a c t e r l i s : e d by gopul r,ams, o r roy .a l gateways ' r h a t often dwarfed Ihe-

towers on tb e ce.ntral, shr ines ,

(b) O ther dis[inc t:iv e f eatuf !I} s im : : ~ud t nmndap l l i s O f p a vmo \fls :ii ln d I .ong p ili la red eor rl do rs nu n ran

a rou nd [he shrines Wlidll in ~ he tempJ:€: comp l e x .

Q.3 . Wby kad a : n a r ii if il :i :a l sys tem o fi r: ri :g at ion' t'Q be, d , c v i : s e d l iIIll ndia d'n ring sb:teentb. and Sf··cnl. ,cenl ti l

'£ien.turie~? M:,en:ti!ODlne sucb $ y . s fc m . . 1

A'II.s. (0) The monsoons were tihe backbone o n n d i : l D l n a_gth:ulwr:c..Bu~ artitleja~system were d,evi:sed because

cer ta ,t ll l c r -ops , required : l I d d iti on a l W l te r: .

( 1 I ) T hese system s inc luded c enals , a n d u sc ·oH hc : . P e r s i a n wheel,

1

Q.6 . D e'S ieribe the att"empls. niliad,e '~o It. ' 't tOQSlfiU:ci ',nligJi,ous beUefs Jndll practices 'b:Ye'xaminhllig t i l l l . i I ! se;JjJ:L~of

tI~ eH arap:pans. S

Ans, (a} Ear~y 8[1 't chaeoJ .i )g i s :tsbe:.I:iewdthat o:~~ectswt l i , ch~re ui I l ,usual or unfam i ..lilii!l' m ay have ill religious

siG~incMce. 'C ons:eq uendy th,c terracott8. :flgurinesofwo:men h e a : v U y Jewelled som e w ith ,eb lbQr~ re

head- dresses ·a[,e regarded a s m 'C itlh ergoddesses. Tb~y .i ndicate wor.sh ip e f the earth. and are

re ga rd ed a s a s ,o u[,c eo f pow.e r and fedlliLy.

( ! ; I ) l Sealls;with plant m o ~ : i f s aretilo'ltghtto I r u : : ! i . i l c a r e na:~ure w a . r s 1 h .i p . .A.o:ima.ls, depicted on seals Uke ih e

~un j ,c o rn !a nd " humpe d buW wer e:p ro ba :b ly r e ; g Z l l l ' d e d ;3iS, sacred,

(e ) On .s.ev ,era,1 sea ls a. flgure ~ s,shown seated c ross :Iegged in a ")'togk:' II I()SI~Uire ,Md i :;uuo;u nded by

ani fllil:~S"

I(d) Th ls 1 1 ' 1 S , beee . .re,ga~d ed a depic ti iOml ,Qf ' ;P ro to .sbiva,·'\11lh~dh is the e:ar~ y f orm of 'God S h iva ,

(e~ T he G reat Bath at Moh en }od aro , th eO v e ,a~tarsround at Ka,Ub::lflgan and . l .o lh ( l! 1 have ,3 ) ritual

si~n.i.ncaD'oe:. C e n ie a l s to ne (iI~ j,e c itsfO~l1Id h a ve ' b e e n c ·~ a ss jflie d as l lngas ,

Q , , ' ! } ' . Descr ibe br.ie.ny th e p opu .la r tral.iltjon.:s deplict ,ed h, sculptures at S"n:c:~i. 5

J\,ElS~ I~a), B , y s~utdyingB' ldd.h j~t l ih : fa!t ) lJ: re j art his'lodams r e aU z e d that early sculptors d~dnC'l sh ,( )w ' the

B udd.l\a in hum an form but through S-yr. f , lbO~Si 'The lemp:~ s~:ittunder th e g ,odh r tre e' in dic a te d th e

ml'ediht~on ef the Buddha, and the whee:1 symboH21t::d th e flrst sermon otBudd ha d ell vered at

S a m a t l h , .

(Ii) A :reCUf'rent s c u J p t l l l r e s : I l ( ) I \ V S beal lJ~~fu~\ l \ i "Omenscroll-nghl! from [he , e dg e, ef'the gatcw, iJ iy hold in, gonto a 'tree. A s ll!Id y ,o f v,ZI:r i .ou:sl : i terafY t rad . i t iomr show ed tills was a r,€ :p[lc s1 entation of a

shallqbhllqjj ita

ee) A s!h .aJabhanjlka . was ,il wonUln w b O i S i e touc h c aused trees to 'f lower and bear fruit This was

p:robabJy Ire ga rd ed as an :a;usp, ii c' O I i ll l S ,sym bo1 and , i R te g ra :le ;d .in .b J ~he d~or~t~o:n G l f t h e S1.UPI i I , .

( d ) l Thiametif sU.gges , ' t s .hat those who turn ed ~ o Bu d d b [sm ,enriched ~ lw : i t h their OI\Wl I pre-8uddhws1

B ind e ve n non-a .:ud dh i~ t b cU ~1 \" p 'ftl.c t.ioe s ,a nd beliefs,

(e ) Se \' \e ra 1 anim .a l s ~or i,e so if the J at a~a s have be en . dep,icted a t Sallchl. Ani imi lJ:s de 'p ' e ted he ,re in,c!ludc

elep,hall1l~s.horses, monkeys aad c a t:ml e.An ima~ s w ere 'O fte n used as symbo]~ o fhun lB .t .1 aU ldb lU 'CS .

El tephan ts were depic t ed ~9 : show s iJ .l'e f ig iband wi sdom.

Esaminanon Papers 403



r t i A nother m otif shown is tlfilatofa. w c m a l i l l , s u r ro u n d e d . by 'olus,esaild e~~pha l l ' i l ~ swh lc h s e em to be

sj:uinldin,g; w ,lte r 'O n her.

(g) Some hi,s't.orian:s have felt the f igure was Maya ' the mother of Buddha, while olf rers identii)r her

' W ' M J 1 1a pc,pju~argoddes ,! i G~ ja.l ii llk:s :hm~ - t il le ,godde,ss ,of 'fortune w ho ls W i : S O C ia ted whh eh : : ~ p ; h : a l u ! l , .

POiss:iblydev"~tee8,\\1l,o saw ~hese scuWptures i ,denti fied tbeD.gure ww[h both Maya, an d O a j ,a . la l k s t :u n t

( 'h) The mod f, ofth e c se rp e ~ n:t s eems ta b e d e rl \/Ie d ffrom 'p 'o P ' ta r 'tr!!id it i,o ns ,w h k:h w e r e l 1 l 1 o t , re ee rd ed in

' tex;ts.'Q.IO. Ex'plain brielythe Riatiousbetwee:n JbnBat1:uta ;ana M~ohd: .1i lghlaq" Ib,cSuUa" ''If Delhi,\vhi:l!c' in hls

serYh;~ei' 5

Ans. (a) Ibn B attlJta had heard ,ofM uhllmmad b in T u , g h b . l ( ] " s fiepu~atj.onas ,agenemuspatrorr. T he re fo re ..

a:fiJer ~ra\l ' lenil1.g th ro ug h M u lta !l:l and Uch he headed :fu'l D 'e lh L

'(6 ) T he :Su.~~;~nWias mnp.ressed b y h.is s e h 'Q b I 1 r , s h ' i :p ' a n d 'a p p ( l~ l I It e d h in il a s th e Iqaz i .

( : 0 ) !HIeInl lm,a inled in lh:ls p osit: io ill for n um y ye ar rU I.h e fe ll ou t e f'fa vour a nd " v , a s , : i . m p r w s o n e d . .

(d) He was , 'l:S i~ e ll'' ,es,oNd- to , impenai l s.ervk ;eaoo was, sent to C hina as th e $u han 's 'e l1Noy tothe

MQ'ngoi N'l ier ls court,

(e ') He' t r a .Ye l , 1ed e x . t e n s l i . v :e W y i . n CIl.lna g l o " i n g as far as, Beijing bu t did not sitay f o r Wong lbefo'Jle ~oif lg

home i n . H47.

Q,, 13 . . Examine the dc s ,c r i"p tt ons o fBuehanan ,about a ~,andstape an d his sugg,estioDS :'o:rDlakin:gi'l m01'i1!

,produdhre. .5,

A"lls. I(a ) W hen Fr,ands B t u : : : h 3 ! 1 1 , 1 l i 1 i i lwrete about a , ~ :a :t l. dscap lehe d l 1 l : 8 c r j i b e d w hlilt be saw and what the

hmdSlcap,ewas H k , e .

(b) But he 'aI.lsod esc rib ed h ow th e: 1 8i~ ds.c ap eeouh:! bef r f ! . f Is fOfmled and made more poodlJidi.ve.

(c) H e v : i s la m i : se d w ha t e ra p s c ou ld b e c u~ ti v a , u ; e d a n d wh b :;h tre e s ,COIl ld b e g ro w n,

(d) :f.Us·v is ie n .a nd h ls ,p rl,oritwes\!;Ii!:reh.owew:r different from those of the Iloc a,1inhabItants. :lli.s

assessm ern ,of w lla .t w as :nete:ssary w as sbaJped. by the eommerc lel c onc erns of 'the Comp3 l f 1Y~

, ( e ) He was, ' crw~ic;a!I ,oftheIlifeJS:tyles of'ttle forest dweUe rs a : nd r e ' i t . that forests sho ,u~dbe tumed inloa , g r i 'c l ! lI h u r a .1 la n d s ,

Q.15. ~E,:tp~aiinU1!)Q!ol e ,o f K i ll U S l iJ id C : V I iI ,Si. l i I Ig~l,a Sikh,doctor at D h a , I i ' : l U n ' p l I I I , ' m scm.ng tlbe I p e o 1 p J e ,aUlkc; I tvUhuu ~

an y distline'tion b etw een H .'od us and M.U SUOl$ . 51

.Ans . (0) Kh us lii ld e v a S In g h li~lHne:rse:d I b imse~ ' f in h m 5 l w o . r k provid~ng,ODd~ !!h e ~ t e r ;lo 'v e and seCUrill)1 00 a ll

~:hen-l , i ,g) l ' ; iUl l tS. 'b e !heyH j . I T h d u s , ,and M us Iw m : s and S i k h _ s .

i (b) D ha ra m p uf re sid e nts deyemo i p ed~h e same !kind of : t a i t J h a nd eon f i denee .in h is h uman~ t yandgeneres i 'ly t h; !9 I~.DeUlIj, MusUms and. oll ie ls ha d in. Gandhij j.

(e) D e '[ a U s a b o u t . t h e , g ruemng reUe f 'W o r r 'k that he undertook , c a n . b e g m e ,a n e d from h~s ,memerles

,entil~edlove is s i t f l o n g e r t han h .a ;t e-A R em em brance of 1 194 1.,

( 0 ) 1 H e re the d ec tor desc fibes his humb le ,alten~ptttll'd:ischar,g,e his duty as a human lie:ing.

{ ,e) He a :E s c re counts . 1 ' d S , V i i s w t s to :Karachi where be waswarllly r e l c · e i v e d by those he had helped at

D 1 : t a r: a: m p u f ;

Q.I.. Mep.:io n. two obsenatiollS- '0,( ,o.r.La,1abO'l i l i t tbe"h'i j 'USfsd,u,f ' i ,DlI!: . 12tll i i , -7IbecntudesBICE. :2

All iS. f a) 'T he b eu se s'w er ec em re d O J" a eOiU!1y:ard 'wiuh room s on aHs i d e s .

(b )E ,'v e ry h ou s!e :h ad lilts ow n 'b1: i1!~luooms wi~h drains connected to ' [he :S'[reet drains,

404 7~ ~f8 Ii/suny (XII)

~-- . .-



'Q.2.. What , do ' the buUd:iRgs tba 't su n 'i ii v e 'I!C,Uus:about the way . s p a , c e , s we . r e o:rg;a:nisedl ,3 nd used !'S t a : r , o ve r y

b :rieO y., I

i \ n s ~ (a) W e , c a n assess fie. defence O O C I [l . li i r e m e n t s ,a n d mi1ir.arypJeplrediness ~f a , city b ~ s 't t l d y in g l t s

F u r 1 i f i i c a t i o n s .

(b) BuH diing;s leU s us about .he spread of Ideas and ' cu' I' [u ra 'l inf ilue ; tu :es.

Q.]i.Deunetlllte, r !. 1 U o ' W : iu g te :rm s : P ' o ' ~ a : j and P a ra uU h lln ds. 1

. i \mls . (a) Polaj w a s ~ a nd w h ic h was a l:ways , cu lt i, y, a :wd and ne v e r allowed to . Ucf i lUow.

(0) Par,lud w as l iand.which wIs,oocui:ona1Jy left f aU ow so th at lit ceu ld re ga in its rerr:t.Uty ,

Q . f i . , De-gcdbe (h, e , a g ili eu ltur a~ , ' t , c e h n o l f . l g i , e $ adoptled by ' t h e Ha ra p ~ f t a n s : . , 5

A D s . (a), T t ~ e · f ie l . d s w e lJ \ e p l t J IL l I g h .e d b y o:x'e:f:~.Evide",~e'oifaloughed ' f ie ld h a s . b e e n : r o :u . nd , a , ~K a U b : a . I : I I , g a n .

(b) The field had two sets offurr9ws a t Ir ig : h~an,gh'lsto eachether, slllggt!ting tliat tw o different

c rops were g r : o : w n t o g e t h e : r : . ,

(e ) Te rlia co tta m od e ls ,0 -1t l b e plough haYI!: b e e n fO'l!Ind at s i tes in C ho lis ta n a nd B,a ' t1 ,3WaU"

ltep'[",esii::n't:atio,l],s,on seals and te-nacotta .s,tu~:pl~ut'es m : n . d lca:retlhat th e bu l i was known and

archae.otogis 't s have ased tli l i 'sfact ~osurm lsethatexenwere used f ( } i f IP~.ou.gh ing.

( d J ' As m 0 8 1 Mar,appan s h e s were : I I C I G a t e d in ,semi-add , I , a : n d s " irrigation. w a s ,n eeded t1 "oragrr icultuf le"

Tbis w as i p r o 1 v m d i e d b y eanals : a m l w e l ~Sl'

(e ll T :ra ,c es c f C l il m i l a . l : s hav ,e b ee n found at ShO rlU 8'a:~ ~ n,Afgha:rds:tl fr l" W a t 1 e r d ra,w n f rom ~U: l1 , W,:. iS

used F or irdg,atiion. W a te r r e s e rv o , . i l £ s F o u n d - il l l Dhobnd ra, were a ls o u sed to ' stor-ewal ter ' far a , g r i c L I I l t u r , e . ,

f l , . 9 ' . H ow d iid ti le ro 'fe rs of,Dk-opal S h ; a . h _ j l e h a n B e g l l l l m ; and her 'sb. 'c :~~sor s u , . m , P J,e.lan H f jg U I I 1 ' 1 I , , e ' o . n t r i b L l t e

[ o r t i l i l e p r , e s ! I ! r v a t i o lD ' I l " t'hll a :ne . i en . ts i . t e 1 I l" fS o n c b i . ' ' ! E x p la in ." 5

Alii!. ~ ",) 'Tlb eBe gU !m ~, orB;ho[pa '~1 S h " , h j ,e l tl W m i I Bel~m, an d Su~b l i n .Jeih ;anBegu:n ' ! p . ~ l a , y e d : 31 ,v : i ~ a l l r o l e ~ n 'th~

p re serv atio n of t : h e Sancihi s ,tupa. They preve,~ted·the 'F r; en chand EngUsh fml11ltaking away

the 'eastErug-alteway- ·of the ,s tupa wh.ich li s the 1bes~p'r:e:5lerved,.

{b) B oth the r u ! l e r s provid:cd money fOIi the pre:s~rv;ati'on'o,fhe ancient site,

(c) Th ~swas th e r'emn why S ~ r J,o hn Ma tslta .1~ dediic ated b Is i l11ipo,l 'Itant vol iume s on Sall!ch:j toS~tan J ehaa,

( , c ( J S u l t a n . .J'e:hllo a ls o .tiunded the m useum tJUlt WoU built here as wen as ,the guest house where

John MarSha:1 ~ :1 vedand wrote h i s VO~UD1es. -

(e ) Shea t50 f u n d , re d t h e ~ : n i, b :l j c a t : i , 0 n oif,the vo lu ra es . Th erC! fo re th ,e S U , r p i e i c am p , le x , h a s surv iv e d d u e

to th e wise dec i5 ,~ons ma,(I ,e by th e B,e gum s and has gt~Uy' chang,edol! l l l l ' understand in g 0 ;(

eady Bu d d h i sm .

Q,..IO. , E x . ,m : a i n the c aste sysre.m,t as ,uphliin,·ed I b ; y A:I·Wru:n:i. :S

AllIs. til) AI-B iruni 's d e ie rip ~ ic ifi o f th e' IC3$ \ tesys~e : J~was , inHue :noed . by b i s sV ll: ld yo f Saru:krir teXi l :s. Thus

the' lhigb e:st c aste were tile B ri1 hma:n:s as t h e y wereI C [ ic a t e d

from the head 'of 'the B . ra .o m . an s .(Ii) The Ksill:atriyas weJC me f.I.'e:d caste , c rea ted fr,om 'th e sh ou !ld ,e rs a nd ' h tilo ds a ,f 'tb e B ra hma n. Tile

V aish.y;as and S hudrn:s \lV ere·created f r,O 'rnthe~ highs ,3 :lldl'eet ,of ~b e B r:ahm an f1especd ve ly .

(e ) He soU .g h ,t ~ o u nd ie l1 'B .ta nd th e Indian C l l i s ~ e systeBl , by ~ o o k : i n g fo · rpM~I~erns , in o U U : l 1 I I 'societ ies

Noting t ha~anc i en tPe rs ian soc ie ty was d w i l ~ e d i lJ 'i ~of ou ll' c ategories he real lzed th at soc ia ldivision was not runique 1 0 [ndi:ia.

(d ) BUrt d eS ip it e , !I ;c c ep~ jng t h e caste ;sy:s,~emhe was a , g : B l n : s t tlle notion O 1 f po.~ilute n , He b e e I!rend

t lhataeoord ~:Ilio, th e : Iaws o .f na tu re 8oyth.i:ng ~ i ch 'b e c O i m e : s impu l r1e Ilti-mate I , y b ec om es p ure

.,a,[o, e.,g.,,~be.s un c le ars the : 31 i l l ' ;The coneept of s o c i a l l pollutloa isthe bedrock: G ,f the caste

sy:stenl. T h u s the ,c ~te s y s t e m w a s , , i i l l : : c o , r d i n , g to . h l im oOtnllr,aryfll) ·the W a w s of nanrre,



(e) Ho:weve:rAl-B. imroim ned ~ o re a l i.z e .~Ili~~~e caste s y s te l1 1 l W i ! iS n e e a s ir.ig~daspofitrayed ~n t fl lc

: S . l l I l : ' J . s l i l : l r i f e x [ ; s . Fo r e~arnlpl: e~he U i l ] i o o : u . c h a b l e . s we:re Cix :peo ted t o ~procv~deinexpe:nsh',e l~abOIJ:r l :o

:peuum . l lI m i i d:zawi lrndars. T ' h u l B tho!Qg~ ~hey were , s'oaia~ Iy o ' i l 'p r e s s e d f h ,e y f 'O rm e id l 'v~t:LIcog In

th e e c e a cm ~ c n e t: \lto r!k :,

Q'.13. E.xpl lai lD, : m l O W lh ie d:e ed s a nd b O : i l I d i s .apP 'C3I1ld ias s y m : b o t s , n i l e l l iew ,IP.(lIIl:lMn: :S1s 'r e ,munde l r : co~onbd i .l !i F li I

i lf i l. lndia.. .5

.Au:s. Ca) The B 'r i't i,s h. were S l t s p i , c l o l l S of trarnsact'ions based on. I n f m i : l 1 l I a l l : 1 . n d e i l ' s ~ a l l J l d ~ l ' i I gaJSW3!! l, ( ; IOmfllOni rI

th e pas,t.{b) The-y bel.~e'Jed~h.atllet~Hm.softli,iIn:S3Ic~mOlilS h ~ d t O o b e c l. e :a id .y ,a lm d cat:egor ic l ! I :U_ystated inCOI1.[ ,nH:lS. ,

d e e d s and 1 0 0 : 1 1 ; 0 . 8 and r e gu~ ! a~edby ~a ,w : .

(c ) Th e p e a s a n t s o 'y e r ~ im : e b ec am e d e,e p ly r n i e s e ~ t f u : l l of the l1 Ie w re g im e 'G f b O . n e W s ,and deeds, ')ihty

w ere m ad e t o . s . ~g j ll a nd pu t t hU l :l fi lb i m p r e : ss ~ c i l 1 :Son d'ocum.ents b u t tb ey 'd id :no t k n Q w w h a : t · t i b e y

were :!l !ctual~ s ~ n : g : i : r n ~ , .

(~ They had nQ .idea.Qf the.~la!useerthl ;~ :mOlr i ey l,c . n d e 1 r s insestedinthe bOf i l ds . l Ihey f e a r e d ~ IH l iwriucn

w : Q : rl il . •

C ~ : ) It!.lUt ,tth e;:1 ";;ld n oc b o ~ c e beca:u~seroS 'u . rv i~er hey needed . k li 3 r n s a n d i l! ll !e : r n e y l '! l: r n < i l e : rs , were unw~l l inl.

to g~v 'e !.oanswilho' l! l ~egalbonds.:I

. A : f I Il . '(a) i Q r , a l hist: i j l [ 'y a l i S i ~ a n o w h ] s to . r ~ a n :s ~ O d e p ,w c t I t l ] e e x ; p e r i e l ' c e ; s l ': 1 H h e p oo r a nd !hapll~ss.F o r ! a • .g., ' th :a : l

,ofU:ruew om e m e fTh e a F J J a l : s a . lo r th e m ~ d d ~ le class Beng:di w Idow be rrt double OIye r :road ! I a y . i n g

work. in B UMlt.

(b) H o w e v e i [ h i s r, o .r i an s ; b aw flllltH nlit o :r3 i.1da ta !,acl:s: , e O r n C ! l" '6 ~ d:eui l IUs, : a . r a , d ] t h e chroin.ology ~ l 1 ! e ' yy i : e J d

w s ,act p r e c i s e . l ' " I : i S : l O . r i ~ ! i f e e l t ili:laitor.a~ a . c C i O I U i : r u t s : a i r ' e ' ,oonceJi l i led with t a n g c m t i a li s . :s ! '[ ( : .s : a n d l h ~ l

smaUi l l id iy~du i l i l eX ' p e r~ . eT I lc e . s~e ir .r c I lc va m ~o th e u nlD b ~ dn~ , o f t l : l l e h t r ge r I C 3 i 1 l V a S o f h is to ry ..

(0 ) . D U l e : o o n t : ~ pe !i, of i s ;Q u ro e s h a v re to' b e t a i P p ,e d ! fOiral i ls.w:er~n.~ dtfiier'ent Lype~ o f q u . e , s t w o n s a : n c l

wh i~eg t l ; y e rn imemnre~p 'C l r uc :ilnte U us 1 0 < : f t l i e number lof : i ' rooClv,e: l1~d'! ' W~~ i I U : l nxcb,anged by ;bo:tb t i i l e

100uRtTl ies b ut it i s t !i :l e :womenwhe wi n te U IJ$. abm~~heirS u .f f e r l i n g . B u t , 0 r a : 1data om partilioll i o 1 :1 Ol.

e a s U y ~ , \ ! a . n a l ; : d ; e . . P i C o p le Iflay : niO twa~ t 'to talk !i.lI.bou~ I T h a l are h ~ ~ : e l 1 l i S e r u yc:rson3i ! exiP,er~ences and

m a f'llY m a y fu n 're m e ~l1 b er , e v e l l i l ~ S wi: lh 8OCU l1 lCY~Qlmdd,er i r f i l l ,h~im e peiiicd W i h i: c ! 1 ha s ~ a f J ~ { l l d .

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