clash at the frontier fields

CLASH at the Frontier Fields

Dan Coe, Adi Zitrin, Julian Merten

Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 1

Abell 168955 orbits ACSBlakeslee, Alamo-Martinez

CLASH has revealed two robust candidates in the first 500 Myr


MACS0647-JDz ~ 10.8 (420 Myr)

Dan Coe et al. (2013)ApJ 762, 32

MACS1149-JDz ~ 9.6 (490 Myr)Wei Zheng et al. (2012)

Nature 489, 406

in 2 / 5 “high-magnification” CLASH clusters


adapted from Bouwens12see also Oesch12,13

TODAY (13.7) BIG BANGtime

galaxies build upthen

run out

of gas

Did galaxies bulid up dramatically at z ~ 10?

dramatic

evolution?

UDF 2009

Only one z~10 candidate found where six were expected(Bouwens11)

CLASH discoveries are consistent with expectations which include enough faint galaxies to reionize the universe


TODAY (13.7) BIG BANGtime

CLASHjoint

adapted from Coe et al. 2013

dramatic

gradual

Field searches still suggest z ~ 10 deficit, but more data are required


M* evolution

Φ* evolution

Oesch13


z ~ 10 luminosity function still very uncertain

Oesch13

Large extrapolations required to estimate faint galaxy contribution to reionization


z ~ 8 luminosityfunctionfield data (Bradley12)

lensing(conservative:10x magnif.)

JWST+lensing

UDF

BoRGERS

MUV -10Ga

laxy

Num

ber D

ensit

y(smallest galaxies?)

other uncertainties:•escape fraction•clumping factorfaint end slope important

CLASH at the Frontier Fields 8

A deeper HST WFC3/IR cluster survey

Sept 18, 2013

white paper led by Dan Coe & Wei Zhengsubmitted to the Hubble Deep Fields Initiativescience working group

advising Matt Mountain on his use of Director’s Discretionary time

resulting in the Frontier Fields

James Bullock (chair)Mark DickinsonSteven FinkelsteinAdriano FontanaAnn Hornschemeier CardiffJennifer LotzPriya NatarajanAlexandra PopeBrant RobertsonBrian SianaJason TumlinsonMichael Wood-Vasey

MACS0416-24

MACS0717+37Abell S1063(RXJ2248-4431)

MACS1149+22


Abell 370

http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields/

Abell 2744Pandora’s Cluster

dark mattergas

The Frontier Fields Our deepest views of galaxies to date(intrinsic AB mag > 31)

840 HST orbits (director’s discretionary)Fall 2013 – Fall 2016

Matt MountainJen Lotz

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Subject to director’s approval

4 / 6 are CLASH clusters

Frontier Fields should yield ~35 – 120 z > 8.5 galaxies


redshift lensed

field total

z ~ 9 45 20 65

z ~ 10 25 15 40

z ~ 11 10 3 13

z ~ 12 1 1

redshift lensed

field total

z ~ 9 20 10 30

z ~ 10 5 5

z ~ 11

z ~ 12

dramatic evolutiondistinguishing between evolution scenarios

gradual evolution

5s 5sCLASH 5s CLASH 5s

ACS

Hubble will observe both lensed and “blank” fields simultaneously in parallel

WFC3/IR

cluster core

“blank” field


Frontier Fields

6’

ACS

Swap cameras 6 months later / earlier70 orbits ACS + 70 orbits WFC3/IR* on every field

WFC3/IR

“blank” field

cluster core


* 10 times deeper than any previous lensed field,including CLASH

Frontier Fields

6’

140 orbitsper field (cluster / “blank”)


BrianSiana’s GO program

Filter Orbits Depth (AB mag 5σ)

F435W 17 29.10

F606W 10 29.12

F814W 43 29.46

F105W 24 29.19

F125W 12 28.70

F140W 11 28.72

F160W 23 28.70

70 orbitsACS

70 orbitsWFC3/IR

10x deeper thandeepest clusterIR observationsto date (7 orbits)

FF HST Cycle 21 programs


Type PI description orbits targets

obs Mountain/Lotz

ACS + WFC3/IR broad-band imaging 280 2 FF

obs Treu IR grism G102, G141 (+ F105W, F140W) 140 6 FF + 4 CLASH

obs Siana UVIS F225W + F336W : 8 orbits each 48 3 FF clusters

obs Rodney IR imaging (broad- / medium-band) 60 ~20 SNae

archival Bradley high-z

archival Zheng high-z

archival Bradac high-z

archival Fuentes TNOs (trans-Neptunian objects)

theory Quinn high-z galaxies

theory Somerville galaxy formation

theory Wheeler SNae

http://blogs.stsci.edu/hstff/

FF observations


Observatory PI time

Hubble DD (Mountain/Lotz), Treu, Siana, Rodney

Spitzer DD 50 hours x 2 channels

Chandra Jones; Steve Murray GTO 1 Msec

Subaru Keiichi? A2744 3 bands

VLT HAWK-I (K-band) Brammer 41 hours -- MACS0416

Bolocam A2744

(VLA proposal)

-spectroscopy-

http://blogs.stsci.edu/hstff/

table to be updated…

Frontier Fields schedule


WFC3/IR observations of A2744 begin in one month (late October)

Spitzer observations (50 hours / channel)


http://bit.ly/168Veql -- Steve Rodney

http://bit.ly/168Veql

http://bit.ly/168Veql

Lens models for the community


CLASH at the Frontier Fields 19Sept 18, 2013

CATS

SharonZitrin NFW Zitrin LTM

Williams

Bradac

Merten (wide field)

Abell 2744magnification maps


Frontier Fields submitted lens models

Lenstool (Carrasco)True (Meneghetti)

Log(result / true)

Lenstool (Carrasco)

Quantifying magnification uncertainties


MAX 1 xy

Meneghetti – Skylens simulated image


FF lens modelers will also model 3 simulated clusters


The Frontier Fields will also enable high-resolution cluster mass maps

Abell 1689 – Coe et al. (2010)

Highest resolution (~25 kpc) cluster mass map to date

Mass resolution ~ average SL image separation

• subhalo mass function• quantify degree to which light traces mass• mass-to-light ratios; evidence for tidal stripping• inform “abundance matching” models• strong lensing tomography? (multiple lens planes)


The Frontier Fields will also enable high-resolution cluster mass maps

Abell 1689 – Coe et al. (2010)

Highest resolution (~25 kpc) cluster mass map to date

The Next Frontiers of Gravitational Lensingfocus on cluster strong lensing

• High-redshift galaxies– magnification uncertainties

• Calibrating mass observables + 3-D analysis– lensing, X-ray, SZ, dynamics

• High-resolution dark matter maps• Cosmological constraints

April 17, 2013 Dan Coe - STScI Cluster Lensing Workshop 26

clash at the frontier fields

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