civil war unsuccessful attempt to overthrow an existing government, involving a violent war fought...
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Civil WarCivil War• Unsuccessful attempt to overthrow
an existing government, involving a violent war fought between opposing forces within the same country.– The two sides can receive outside support
from other countries.– The conflict may take a long time, and
involve periods when the fighting stops.
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Famous Civil War
• 1455-1485
• England
• War of the Roses
• House of York & House of Lancaster battle for English throne
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Famous Civil War
• 1642-1652
• English Civil War
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Famous Civil War
• 1861-1865
• American Civil War
• South was unsuccessful in their attempt to form the Confederate States of America
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Famous Civil War
• 1936-1939• Spanish Civil War• Spanish Fascists
with the help of Italian & German troops defeated the Republican army that included British & American liberals and Russian Communists.
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Famous Civil War
• 1991-2001
• Yugoslavia
• Serbs, Croats, and Muslims fought for control of Bosnia
• Genocide of Muslims
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Famous Civil War
• 1990-1994
• Rwanda
• The Hutu and Tutsi fought for control of the government
• Millions were slaughtered in the genocide.
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Famous Civil War
• 2004-present
• Iraq
• Sunni and Shiite groups fight for control of the country
• Kurds and other minorities seek independence.
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RevolutionRevolution• Successful attempt to overthrow
an existing government, aimed at changing the political and social structures as well as the leadership of a country.– Based on a desire to end perceived wrongs
in the country.– The changes made are often based on
philosophical ideas .
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Famous Revolution
• 1776
• American Revolution
• Declaration of Independence
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Famous Revolution
• 1789
• French Revolution
• Liberty,Equality, Fraternity
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Famous Revolution
• 1804• Haitian Revolution• Plantation slaves
overthrew the French colonial government & declared their freedom & independence.
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Famous Revolution
• 1917• Russian Revolution• Tsar is deposed by the
Provisional Government.
• Bolsheviks seized power in a coup.
• Civil War broke out.• The Reds defeat the
Whites & created the 1st Communist state.
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Famous Revolution
• 1949
• Chinese Revolution
• Mao Zedong & the Peoples Liberation Army defeated the Nationalists.
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Famous Revolution
• 1979
• Iranian Revolution
• Religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah of Iran
• Created Muslim theocracy.
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Coup d’etatCoup d’etat• Quick, illegal takeover of the
government of a country by a small group of conspirators within the country.– Can be violent or non-violent.– It’s success depends on speed and surprise.– It results in rule by a dictator.– It’s often staged by military groups: a
military coup.
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1653
• Oliver Cromwell dissolved Parliament
• Became Lord Protector
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1688
• England
• Glorious Revolution
• James II overthrown
• Replaced by William & Mary
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1799
• France
• Napoleon
• 18 de Brumaire Coup
• 1804
• Crowned himself Emperor
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1851
• France
• Louis Napoleon
• Dissolved parliament
• Declared himself Emperor
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Mexico , Venezuela, & Brazil
• 1829• 1832• 1839• 1854• 1864• 1913• 1920• 1935• 1940, failed
• 1899• 1908• 1945• 1948• 1958• 1992, failed• 2002, failed
• 1823• 1840• 1889• 1891• 1930• 1937• 1938, failed• 1955,• 1959, failed• 1964
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1917• Russia• Bolsheviks
seized power during Russian Revolution
• Lenin became dictator
• Stalin replaced him in 1924
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1922
• Italy
• Mussolini & his Blackshirts marched on Rome
• Became IL Duce
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1923
• Germany
• Hitler is jailed in failed Beer Hall Putch
• 1933 he became The Fuhrer
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1943
• Argentina
• Juan Peron seized power
• With the help of his wife Eva
• Evita
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1969
• Libya
• Omar Qadhafi overthrew monarchy
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Famous Coup d’etat
• 1979
• Iraq
• Saddam Hussein
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ReformReform• The gradual process of change within
the established legal institution, that is aimed at preserving but improving the existing government.– Most reform groups are non-violent, but can turn
violent especially when reformers are attacked by their opponents or the government.
– Reform movements take several years to make an impact.
– Once change is made it is usually permanent.
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Famous Reform Movement
• 1838-1848
• England
• Chartist Movement
• Demanded universal male suffrage
• Secret Ballot
• Parliamentary Reforms
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Famous Reform Movement
• Abolition of Slavery
• England, 1811-1830
• United States, 820-1865
• Brazil, 1858-1878
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Famous Reform Movement
• Suffragettes
• Voting Rights for Women
• 1848-1925
• England & United States
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Famous Reform Movement
• 1950’s-1970’s• Civil Rights Movement• Equal rights for African Americans.• Also Hispanic, Asian, Native American,
Women, etc.• Nonviolent Civil Disobedience