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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017 Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 1 of 24 Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements By Alan C. Aimone Resources If you can read only one book Author Title. City: Publisher, Year. Frederick P. Todd et al American Military Equipage, 1851-1872, 3 vols. (Providence, RI/ Westbrook, CT: Company of Military Historians, 1974- 1978). Books and Articles General Publications Author Title. City: Publisher, Year. | “Title,” in Journal ##, no. # (Date): #. Anderson, Cecil W. “Tiffany and Company,” in North South Trader’s Magazine 4, no. 6. Bannerman, Francis Catalogue Guns, Swords, Cannons, Equipments Military Goods. New York: Frances Bannerman, October 1888. Bazelon, Bruce S. and William F. McGuinn A Directory of American Military Goods Dealers and Makers 1785-1885. Manassas, VA: published by the authors, 1987. Crosman, George H., Earl J. Coutes and Frederick C. Garde. The 1865 Quartermaster Manual. 2 vols. Gettysburg, PA: Arbor House, vol. 1, 2013, vol. 2 forthcoming. Crouch, Howard R. Civil War Artifacts: A Guide for the Historian. New York: SCS Publications, 1995. ———. Horse equipment of the Civil War Era. Fairfax, VA: SCS Publications, 2004. Cuttler, David R. “Basics of Authenticating a Civil War Sword,” in North South Trader’s Magazine

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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 1 of 24

Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements

By Alan C. Aimone

Resources

If you can read only one book

Author Title. City: Publisher, Year.

Frederick P. Todd et al American Military Equipage, 1851-1872, 3

vols. (Providence, RI/ Westbrook, CT:

Company of Military Historians, 1974-

1978).

Books and Articles – General Publications

Author Title. City: Publisher, Year. | “Title,” in

Journal ##, no. # (Date): #.

Anderson, Cecil W.

“Tiffany and Company,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 4, no. 6.

Bannerman, Francis Catalogue – Guns, Swords, Cannons,

Equipments – Military Goods. New York:

Frances Bannerman, October 1888.

Bazelon, Bruce S. and William F.

McGuinn

A Directory of American Military Goods

Dealers and Makers 1785-1885. Manassas,

VA: published by the authors, 1987.

Crosman, George H., Earl J. Coutes and

Frederick C. Garde.

The 1865 Quartermaster Manual. 2 vols.

Gettysburg, PA: Arbor House, vol. 1,

2013, vol. 2 forthcoming.

Crouch, Howard R.

Civil War Artifacts: A Guide for the

Historian. New York: SCS Publications,

1995. ———. Horse equipment of the Civil War Era.

Fairfax, VA: SCS Publications, 2004.

Cuttler, David R.

“Basics of Authenticating a Civil War

Sword,” in North South Trader’s Magazine

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 2 of 24

6, no. 5.

Davis, William C.

The Civil War Reenactor’s Encyclopedia.

Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2002.

Dorsey, R. Stephen

American Military and Naval Belts, 1812-

1902. Eugene, OR: Collectors Library,

2000.

Edwards, William Bennett

Civil War guns: Complete story of Federal

& Confederate Small Arms Design,

Manufacture, Identification, Procurement,

Issue, Employment, Effectiveness, and

Postwar Disposal. Mechanicsburg, PA:

Stackpole Books, 1962.

Field, Ron and Robin Smith

Uniforms of the Civil War: An Illustrated

Guide for Historians, Collectors and

Reenactors. (Guildford, CT: Lyons Press,

2004).

Frasca, James C. and John P. Gurnish

“Regulation headgear insignia of the Union

Army,” in North South Trader’s Magazine, 6

parts, 4, no. 6, 7, no. 1, 7, no. 2, 7, no. 5, 8,

no. 1, 9 no. 1.

Fuller, Claud E.

Firearms of the Confederacy. Lawrence,

MA: Quarterman Publications, 1977.

Fuller, Claud E. comp.,

Springfield Muzzle-Loading Shoulder

Arms: A Description of the Flint Lock

Muskets, Musketoons and Carbines and the

Muskets, Musketoons, Rifles, Carbines and

Special Models from 1795 to 1865 with

Ordnance Office Reports. and Sketch of

Springfield Armory (New York: Francis

Bannerman Sons, 1930).

Fulmer, Tim and Maureen Fulmer “Civil War uniforms: Why so small?,” in

North South Trader’s Magazine 16, No. 6.

Gavin, William G.

Accoutrement plates North and South,

1861-1865. Philadelphia, PA: Riling and

Lentz, 1963.

Gladstone, William A.

United States Colored Troops, 1863-1867.

Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications,

1990.

Harwell, Richard, comp.

Uniform and Dress of the Army and Navy of

the Confederate States of America.

Philadelphia, PA: Ray Riling, 1960.

Hazlett, James C., et al Field Artillery Weapons of the Civil War.

Newark: University of Delaware Press,

1983.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 3 of 24

Lanham, Howard G. “Civil War Shoulder Straps: A Primer,” in

North South Trader’s Magazine 29, no. 2.

Lewis, Russell E. Warman’s Civil War Collectibles

Identification and Price Guide, 3rd ed. Iola,

WI: Krause Publications, 2010.

Lord, Francis A.

Civil War Collector’s Encyclopedia: Arms,

Uniforms, and Equipment of the Union and

Confederacy, 5 vols. vol. 1 Harrisburg, PA:

Stackpole, vol. 2-5 W. Columbia, SC: Lord

Americana and Research, 1963-1989.

———.

“Manuals and Training Literature” in They

Fought for the Union (Harrisburg, PA:

Stackpole, 1960), 30-52.

Miller, David, ed.

The Illustrated Directory of Uniforms,

Weapons, and Equipment of the Civil War.

London, UK: Salamander Books, 2001.

Miller, Francis T. and Robert S. Lanier,

eds.

The Photographic History of the Civil War,

10 vols. New York: Review of Reviews,

1911.

North-South Trader’ Civil War The Civil War Collector’s Price Guide, 12th

ed. (Shepherdsville, KY: Publishers Press,

2010).

Peterson, Harold L.

American sword, 1775 to 1945. Survey of

Swords Worn by Uniformed Forces of the

United States. New Hope, PA: Walter

Halter, 1954.

———.

Notes on Ordnance of the American Civil

War. Washington, D.C.: American

Ordnance Association, 1959.

———.

How to Tell It’s a Fake: Trade Secrets

Revealed for Antique Collectors and

Dealers. New York: Scribner, 1975.

Phillips, Stanley S.

Excavated Artifacts from Battlefields and

Campsites of the Civil War 1861-1865.

Lanham, MD: published by the author,

1974.

Pritchard, Russ A.

Civil War Weapons and Equipment.

Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2003.

Ripley, Warren Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War.

New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970.

Risch, Erna Quartermaster Support of the Army: A

History of the Corps, 1775-1939.

Washington, D.C.: Center of Military

History United States Army, 1962.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 4 of 24

Shannon, Fred Albert Organization and Administration of the

Union Army, 1861-1865, 2 vols.

Cleveland, OH: Arthur H. Clark, 1928.

Smith, Andrew F. Warman’s Civil War Weapons. Iola, WI:

KP Books, 2005.

Steffen, Randy vol. 2, The Frontier, The Mexican War, the

Civil War and the Frontier Military and

Indian Wars, 1851-1880 in Horse Soldier

1776-1943: United States Cavalryman: His

Uniforms, Arms, Accoutrements &

Equipment, 4 vols. (Norman: University of

Oklahoma Press, 1977-1979)

Sylvia, Stephen W. Illustrated history of American Civil War

relics. Orange, VA: Moss Publications,

1978.

———. “Civil War Insignia,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 33, no. 3.

Sylvia, Stephen W. and Michael J.

O’Donnell

Civil War Canteens. Orange, VA: Moss

Publications, 1983.

Troiani, Don, et al Don Troiani’s Regiments and Uniforms of

the Civil War. Mechanicsburg, PA:

Stackpole, 2002.

Wilson, Mark R.

Business of Civil War: Military

mobilization and the state, 1861-1865

(Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of

Technology). Baltimore, MD: Johns

Hopkins University Press, 2006.

Woodworth, Steven E., ed. American Civil War: A Handbook of

Literature and Research. Westport, CT:

Greenwood Press, 1996.

Books and Articles – Primary Sources

Benton, James G.

A Course of Instruction in Ordnance and

Gunnery Compiled for the Use of the Cadets

of the United States Military Academy. New

York, D. Van Nostrand, 1861.

Confederate Ordnance Bureau.

The Field Manual for the Use of the Officers

on Ordnance Duty. Richmond, VA: Ritchie

& Dunnavant, 1862.

Confederate States of America The Ordnance Manual for the Use of the

Officers of the Confederate States Army.

Charleston, SC: Evans & Cogswell, 1863.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 5 of 24

———. Regulations of the Confederate States Army

for the Quartermaster’s Department,

Including the Pay Branch Thereof.

Richmond, VA: J. W. Randolph, 1864.

Cureton, Charles H. and David M. Sullivan Civil War uniforms of the United States

Marine Corps: The Regulations of 1859.

San Jose, CA: R. J. Bender Publishing, 2009.

Gibbon, John

The Artillerist’s Manual. New

York/London: D. Van Nostrand/Turbner,

1860.

Howell, Edgar M.

Uniform Regulations for the Army of the

United States 1861. Illustrated with

Contemporary Official War Department

Photographs. Washington, D.C.:

Smithsonian Institution, 1961.

Horstmann Brothers Horstmann Bros. and Co. Catalogue of

Military Goods for 1877 (New York, Manor

Publishing, 1877);

Bruce S. Bazelon, ed. Horstmanns: The Enterprise of Military

Equipage. Manassas, VA: privately printed,

1997.

Hunter, Robert Finley.

Manual for Quartermasters and

Commissaries. New York: D. Van Nostrand,

1863.

Jacobsen, Jacques Noel, ed.

Regulations and Notes for the Uniform of the

Army of the United States 1857. Staten

Island, NY: Manor Publishing, 1972.

Ridabock & Co. Ridabock & Co. Military Goods (New York)

Schuyler, Hartley and Graham Schuyler. Illustrated Catalogue of Military Goods:

Regulations for the Uniform of the Army,

Navy, Marine and revenue Corps of the

United States (New York, Schuyler, Hartley

& Graham, 1864).

U.S. Navy Department.

Allowances Established for Vessels of the

United States Navy, 1864. Washington DC:

Government Printing Office, 1865.

———. Ordnance Instructions for the United States

Navy, 3rd ed. Washington D.C.: Government

Printing Office, 1864.

———. Regulations for the Government of the

United States Navy. Washington, DC:

Government Printing Office, 1865.

U.S. War Department.

Instruction for Field Artillery. Philadelphia,

PA: J. B. Lippincott, 1863.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 6 of 24

———. Instruction for Heavy Artillery. Washington,

DC: Gideon and Co., Printers, 1863.

———. Ordnance Manual for the Use of the Officers

of the United States Army, 3rd ed.,

Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott, 1862.

———. Revised United States Army Regulations of

1861. Washington, D.C.: Government

Printing Office, 1863.

Books and Articles – Buttons

Albert, Alphaeus H. Record of American Uniform and Historical

Buttons. Boyertown, PA: Boyertown

Publishing, 1976.

Bazelon, Bruce S. and William F.

McGuinn

Military Button Makers and Dealers; Their

Backmarks and Dates, Chelsea, MI:

BookCrafters, 1988.

Binder, Daniel J.

Civil War Collector’s Guide to Albert’s

Button Book: A Handbook of Updates,

Corrections and New Discoveries. Orange,

VA: Publisher’s Press, 1993.

———. “A Glossary of American Military Button

Terminology,” in Military Collector and

Historian 51, no. 4 (Winter 1999): 169-171.

———. “Courtney & Tennent-marked Confederate

States Navy Buttons,” in Military Collector

and Historian 56, no. 3 (Fall 2004): 150.

———. “Introduction to the Backs and Backmarks of

Locally Made Two-piece Confederate

Military Buttons,” in Military Collector and

Historian 60, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 8-10.

Tice, Warren K.

Uniform buttons of the United States, 1776-

1865. Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications,

1997.

———. Dating Buttons: A Chronology of Button

Types, Makers, Retailers and Their

Backmarks. Essex Junction, VT: published

by the author, 2002.

Wike, John W.

“Individual decorations of the Confederacy,”

in Military Collector and Historian 6, no. 4

(December 1954): 93.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 7 of 24

Wyckoff, Martin A. United States Military Buttons of the Land

Services, 1787-1902: A Guide and

Classificatory System. Bloomington, IL:

McLean County Historical Society, 1984.

Books and Articles – Image Sources

Berg, Paul

Nineteenth Century Photographic Cases and

Wall Frames. Huntington Beach, CA:

Huntington Valley Press, 1995.

Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly, 1861-

1865

Issues can be viewed on line at Accessible

Archives. See Web Resources below.

Harding, T. Sherman “Civil War Images,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 4, no. 6.

Harper’s Weekly, 1861- 1865.

Issues can be viewed on line at Onlinebooks.

See Web Resources below.

Howell, Edgar M., “Re-dating the Quartermaster Civil War

Uniform Photographs,” in Military Collector

and Historian 14, no. 3 (Fall 1962): 91.

Kelbaugh, Ross J. Directory of Civil War Photographers, 3

vols. Baltimore, MD: Historic Graphics,

1990.

Mace, O. Henry Collector’s Guide to Early Photographs.

Radnor, PA: Wallace-Homestead Book Co.,

1989.

Francis T. Miller and Robert S. Lanier, eds.

The Photographic History of the Civil War,

10 vols. New York: Review of Reviews,

1911.

Sinor, James P.

“Carte de Vistes,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 4, no. 4.

The United States Army and Navy Journal

and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer

Forces, vol. 1, 1863-’64, vol. 2, 1864-’65,

vol. 3, 1865-1866. New York, Publication

Office, 1863-1866. Complete issues can be

purchased on DVD-ROM from

Paperlessarchives.com.

Waldsmith, John.

Stereo views: An Illustrated History & Price

Guide, 2nd ed. Iola, WI: Krause Publications,

2002.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 8 of 24

Welling, William

Photography in America: The Formative

years, 1839-1900. NY: Crowell, 1978.

Williams, Hermann Warner, Jr. The Civil War: The Artists’ Record. Boston,

ME: Beacon Press, 1961.

Witham, George F. Catalogue of Civil War Photographers:

1861-1865: A Listing of Civil War

phot[o]graphers’ Imprints. Portland, OR:

published by the author, 1988.

Books and Articles – Confederate Accoutrements

Albaugh, William A., III and Edward N.

Simmons

Confederate Arms. Harrisburg, PA:

Stackpole, 1957.

Albaugh, William A., III “Percussion Cap Box? Rebel,” in Military

Collector and Historian 10, no. 1 (Spring

1958): 22.

Brooks, Ross Andrew “Part Irish and the Rest of the Flower of

Southern Chivalry: Clothing, Arms, and

Equipment of the 1st Special Battalion of

Louisiana Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1862,” in

Military Collector and Historian 51, no. 3

(Fall 1999): 98.

Brown, Walt, Jr.

“Confederate Enfield,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 5, no. 4.

Daniel, Larry J.

Cannoneers in Gray: The Field artillery of

the Army of Tennessee, 1861-1865.

Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press,

1984.

Gaede, Frederick Charles

“Knapsack of N. B. Johnston, 1st Virginia

Artillery, ANV,” in Military Collector and

Historian 43, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 38-39.

———.

“Three NC Blankets,” in Military Collector

and Historian 41, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 157-158.

Gavin, William G.

“Confederate Belt Buckles and Cartridge

Box Plates,” in Military Collector and

Historian 5, no. 2 (June 1953): 41-44.

———. “Confederate Belt Buckles,” in Military

Collector and Historian 6, no. 1 (March

1954): 19.

———.

“State Belt Buckles and Cartridge Box Plates

of the Confederacy,” in Military Collector

and Historian 6, no. 2 (June 1954): 29.

Henry, Stephen M. “Bridle Bits of the Army of Northern

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 9 of 24

Virginia, CSA, 1861-1865,” in Military

Collector and Historian 41, no. 4 (Winter

1989): 212-213.

———.

“A Set of Confederate Accoutrements,” in

Military Collector and Historian 50, no. 4

(Winter 1998): 177-179.

Iadeau, Marius B. “A Confederate Soldier’s Ditty Box,” in

Military Collector and Historian 18, no. 3

(Fall 1996): 93.

Jarnagin, David “Confederate leather: Black or Brown?

How and Where?” in Military Collector and

Historian 61, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 111-

117.

Johnson, Paul D.

“The Cartridge Box of J. A. Lisk, Company

F, 44th North Carolina Infantry,” in Military

Collector and Historian 41, no. 4 (Winter

1989): 214-217.

———.

“Confederate Cavalry Cartridge Box

Patterns: New Information,” in Military

Collector and Historian 46, no. 1 (Spring

1994): 26-31.

Kerksis, Sydney C,

“Homemade Confederate Belt Plate,” in

Military Collector and Historian 10, no. 2

(Summer 1958): 50.

———.

“Confederate Stationery,” in Military

Collector and Historian 11, no. 2 (Summer

1959): 53-58.

———.

“Confederate Improvisation,” in Military

Collector and Historian 14, no. 1 (Spring

1962): 27.

———. “Confederate Infantry Issue Belt Plates,” in

Military Collector and Historian 14, no. 2

(Summer 1962): 42-47.

Miller, Robert L.

“Confederate Canteen,” in Military Collector

and Historian 2, no. 4 (December 1950): 58.

———.

“Confederate Cap Box,” in Military

Collector and Historian 3, no. 4 (December

1951): 90.

———.

“Confederate Cartridge Box for Austrian

Arms,” in Military Collector and Historian

19, no. 3 (Fall 1967): 92.

Mullinax, Steve E.

Confederate Belt Buckles, and Plates.

Alexandria, VA: O’Donnell Publications,

1999.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 10 of 24

Osman, Stephen E. “A Tarred Canvas Confederate Cartridge

Box,” in Military Collector and Historian

32, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 81.

Russ A. Pritchard, Jr., et al The English Connection: Arms Material and

Support Furnished to the Confederate States

of America by Great Britain. Gettysburg,

PA: Thomas Publications, 2015.

Pugliese, Carl J. “Cartridge Box and Belt from the Baton

Rouge Arsenal, LA, C.S.A.,” in Military

Collector and Historian 19, no. 3 (Fall

1967): 90-91.

Thomas, Dean S. Confederate Arsenals, Laboratories and

Ordnance Depots, 3 vols. Gettysburg, PA:

Thomas Publications, 2014.

Traynor, Leonard John Bede

“A Confederate Holster?” in Military

Collector and Historian 51, no. 3 (Fall

1999): 139-140.

Wilson, Harold S. Confederate Industry: Manufactures and

Quartermasters in the Civil War. Jackson:

University of Mississippi Press, 2002.

Wise, Jennings C.

Long Arm of Lee or History of the Artillery

of the Army of Northern Virginia With a

Brief Account of the Confederate Bureau of

Ordnance, 2 vols. Lynchburg, VA: J. P. Bell

Company, 1915.

Books and Articles – Confederate Uniforms

Author Title. City: Publisher, Year. | “Title,” in

Journal ##, no. # (Date): #.

Adolphus, Frederick R.

“Confederate Clothing of the Houston

Quartermaster Depot,” in Military Collector

and Historian 48, no. 4 (Winter 1996): 171-

9.

———.

“Uniforms, Equipage, Arms, and

Accouterments of the 3d Texas Volunteer

Infantry,” in Military Collector and

Historian 62, no. 1 (Spring 2010): 4-19.

Arliskas, Thomas Michael “Captured Clothing at Fort Henry, 1862,” in

Military Collector and Historian 41, no. 4

(Winter 1989): 203.

Babits, Lawrence E.,

“A Civil War Badge from Savannah,

Georgia,” in Military Collector and

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 11 of 24

Historian 41, no. 1 (Spring 1989): 42.

———.

“Dating a Confederate Frock Coat,” in

Military Collector and Historian 27, no. 4

(Winter 1975): 161-2.

Besch, Edwin W.

“An Alabama Confederate Proudly Shows

Off His Fancy Uniform,” in Military

Collector and Historian 47, no. 4 (Winter

1995): 174-6.

Brooks, Ross Andrew

“Clothing the Tennessee Volunteer 1861,” in

Military Collector and Historian 46, no. 2

(Summer 1994): 68-75.

———.

“Evidence of Locally Made Confederate

Naval Uniforms, 1861,” in Military

Collector and Historian 49, no. 4 (Winter

1997): 168.

———.

“Red Petticoats and Blue Jackets: 1st

Confederate States Zouave Battalion, or

Coppens’ Louisiana Zouaves,” in Military

Collector and Historian 51, no. 4 (Winter

1999): 148-51.

Brown, William L.

“Two Examples of Confederate Headgear,”

in Military Collector and Historian 41, no. 3

(Fall 1989): 151-4.

Donnelly, Ralph W.

“Uniforms and Equipment of Confederate

Marines,” in Military Collector and

Historian 9, no. 1 (Spring 1957): 1-7.

———. “Georgia Uniforms of 1861,” in Military

Collector and Historian 14, no. 4 (Winter

1962): 131.

———.

“More on Confederate Marine Uniforms,” in

Military Collector and Historian 31, no. 4

(Winter 1979): 170.

———.

“A Dress Cap by Walter Steele, Military

Hatter of Charleston, South Caroline,” in

Military Collector and Historian 65, no. 4

(Winter 2013): 290-1.

Field, Ron Brassey’s History of Uniforms: American

Civil War Confederate Army. London:

Brassey’s Ltd., 1996.

Gavin, W. G.

“Confederate Sates Oval Waist Plate,” in

North South Trader’s Magazine 2, no. 5.

Henry, Stephen M. “Debated Frock Coat of Capt. Edward

Moore Henry, 9th Virginia Cavalry, Army of

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 12 of 24

Northern Virginia, CSA,” in Military

Collector and Historian 57, no. 4 (Winter

2005): 182-3.

Jensen, Leslie D.

Catalogue of Uniforms in the Collection of

the Museum of the Confederacy.

Richmond, VA: Museum of the

Confederacy, 1987.

———.

“Survey of Confederate central government

quartermaster issue jackets, Part I,” in

Military Collector and Historian 41, no. 4

(Winter 1989): 162-70.

———.

Johnny Reb: The Uniform of the

Confederate Army, 1861-1865, vol. 5 of 29

in the series G.I. Illustrated History of the

American Soldier, His Uniform and His

Equipment. London: Greenhill Books,

1996.

Kerksis, Sydney C. “Uniform and Dress of the Army of

Georgia,” in Military Collector and

Historian 13, no. 4 (Winter 1961): 122-4.

Kimmel, Ross Middaugh

“Enlisted Uniforms of the Maryland

Confederate Infantry: A Case Study: Part

I,” in Military Collector and Historian 41,

no. 3 (Fall 1989): 98-108.

———. “Enlisted Uniforms of the Maryland

Confederate Infantry: A Case Study: Part

II,” in Military Collector and Historian 41,

no. 4 (Winter 1989): 183-7.

———. “A Confederate Staff Officer’s Ambrotype

and Uniform Coat,” in Military Collector

and Historian 41, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 201-

2.

Massey, Mary Elizabeth Ersatz in the Confederacy: Shortages and

Substitutes on the Southern Homefront.

Columbia: University of South Carolina

Press, 1952.

Mast, Greg.

State Troops and Volunteers: A

Photographic Record of North Carolina’s

Civil War Soldiers. Raleigh: North Carolina

Department of Cultural Resources,

Division of Archives and History, 1995.

Milstead, Richard M., (Summer 2017): 99-

110.

"The Tale of two jackets: Examination of

two jackets made by the Richmond

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 13 of 24

Clothing Bureau in Spring 1864," in

Journal of the Military Collector &

Historian 69, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 99-

110.

Moore, J. Michael

“Confederate Frock Coats of John Quincy

Adams Nadenbousch,” in Military

Collector and Historian 54, no. 3 (Fall

2002): 120-2.

———.

“Confederate Officer’s Frock Coat,” in

Military Collector and Historian 51, no. 1

(Spring 2002): 18-19.

Padgett, Sam, III

“Confederate Slouch Hat,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 16, no. 2.

Rodgers, Thomas G. “Campaign dress of Georgia Confederate

troops, 1861-1865,” in Military Collector

and Historian 57, no. 2 (Summer 2005):

86-98.

Sullivan, David M.

“Confederate States Marine Corps Officers’

Uniforms: Mobile Naval Station, 1863,” in

Military Collector and Historian 57, no. 4

(Winter 1998): 175-6.

———.

“Invoice of Clothing Sold to Confederate

States Navy and Marine Corps Officers,

Mobile, 1864,” in Military Collector and

Historian 67, no. 3 (Fall 2015): 277.

Todd, Frederick P., MCH, vol. 10, issue 2:

47.

“Confederate Shoes,” in Military Collector

and Historian 10, no. 2 (Summer 1958):

47.

Walden, Geoffrey R.

“Western Confederate Cap,” in Military

Collector and Historian 48, no. 2 (Summer

1996): 92-94.

Wallace, Lee A., Jr.

“’Rebelized’ Yankee Cap Box,” in Military

Collector and Historian 10, no. 2 (Summer

1958): 50.

———.

“Regulations for the Uniform and Dress of

North Carolina Troops, 1861,” in Military

Collector and Historian 14, no. 1 (Spring

1962): 20-22.

———.

“Two C. S. Marine Corps Officers’

Uniforms,” in Military Collector and

Historian 23, no. 2 (Summer 1971): 51-53.

———.

“Virginia Zouave Uniform,” in Military

Collector and Historian 11, no. 3 (Fall

1959): 88.

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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 14 of 24

Warren, Richard A.

MCH, vol. 42, issue 3: 108-.

“Uniform Regulations for officers of the

South Carolina Volunteer Forces, 1861,” in

Military Collector and Historian 42, no. 3

(Fall 1990): 108-9.

Wood, Kenn

The Soldier’s Words. New York: Page

Publishing, 2015.

Books and Articles – Union Accoutrements

Author Title. City: Publisher, Year. | “Title,” in

Journal ##, no. # (Date): #.

Baumann, Ken

Arming the Suckers, 1861-1865: A

Compilation of Illinois Civil War Weapons.

Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1989.

Brinkerhoff, Sidney B.

Boots and Shoes of the Frontier Soldier,

1865-1893. Tucson: Arizona Historical

Society, 1976.

———. Military Headgear in the Southwest, 1846-

1890 1902. Tucson: Arizona Pioneer’s

Historical Society, 1967.

Campbell, J. Duncan and Michael J.

O’Donnell

American Military Belt Plates. Alexandria,

VA: O’Donnell Publications, 1996.

Coates, Earl J. “The Civil War Issue Canteens: Patterns of

1858 and 1862,” in Military Collector and

Historian 47, no. 3 (Fall 1995): 98-109.

Davis, Carl L. Arming the Union: Small Arms in the Civil

War. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat

Press, 1973.

Galvin, Stephen W.

“Stamped ‘n’ Cast,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 1, no. 1.

Gaede, Frederick Charles

“A Civil War Canteen by Byron Sherman,”

in Military Collector and Historian 51, no. 3

(Fall 1999): 127-8.

———. “Civil War Cincinnati Depot Canteen

Variations,” in Military Collector and

Historian 50, no. 3 (Fall 1998): 98-106.

———.

“An Early Civil War Federal Cap Pouch,” in

Military Collector and Historian 60, no. 3

(Fall 2008): 194-6.

Gero, Anthony F.

“Two Contemporary Views on the Use of

Body Armor in the Civil War,” in Military

Collector and Historian 41, no. 1 (Spring

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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 15 of 24

1989): 45-46.

Hardin, A. N., Jr.

American Bayonet, 1776-1964.

Philadelphia, PA: Riling and Lentz, 1964.

Johnson, Paul D.

Civil War Cartridge Boxes of the Union

Infantryman. Lincoln, RI: Andrew

Mowbray Publishers, 1998.

———.

“Identifying Civil War Cavalry Carbine

Cartridge Boxes,” in Military Collector and

Historian 40, no. 3 (Fall 1998): 109-19.

———.

“Bayonets Part 1: Union Bayonets: A

Collector’s Handbook,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 37, no. 2, 38-45

———.

“Bayonets, Part II: British imports,” in

North South Trader’s Magazine 37, no. 4,

50-63.

———.

“Bayonets, Part III: Austrian and Belgian,”

in North South Trader’s Magazine 37, no.

6.

Kerksis, Sydney C.

Plates and Buckles of the American

Military, 1795-1874. Kennesaw, GA:

Gilgal Press, 1974.

Lang, Wendell W., Jr.

“A Civil War Stencil,” in Military

Collector and Historian 24, No. 3 (Fall

1972): 96.

Lord, Francis A.

“Federal Army identifications discs of the

Civil War,” in Military Collector and

Historian 4, no. 1 (March 1952): 7-8.

———.

“Mann’s Accouterments of the Civil War,”

in Military Collector and Historian 27, no.

1 (Spring 1975): 20-22.

Madau, Howard Michael “Another Civil War Stencil,” in Military

Collector and Historian 25, no. 2 (Summer

1973): 92.

McPheeters, K. I. & R. S. Dorsey

Bridle Bits of the American Military, 1776-

1945. Eugene, OR: Collectors Library,

1999.

Meadows, Edward Scott

U.S. Military Holsters and Pistol Cartridge

Boxes. Dallas, TX: published by the

author, 1987.

Miller, Robert L. “U. S. issue carbine cartridge boxes of the

Civil War,” in Military Collector and

Historian 8, no. 1 (Spring 1956): 25.

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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 16 of 24

Naisawald, Louis Van Loon Grape and Canister, The Story of the Field

Artillery of the Army of the Potomac, 1861-

1865. New York: Oxford University Press,

1960.

Olsen, Stanley J. “U.S. and Confederate Artillery Drivers’

Saddles,” in Military Collector and

Historian 10, no. 4 (Winter 1958): 112-3.

Peterson, Harold L.

“Body armor in the American Civil War,”

in Military Collector and Historian 4, no. 2

(Spring 1956): 29-32.

Steffen, Randy.

United States Military Saddles, 1812-1943.

Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,

1973.

Sturcke, Roger David “U.S. Navy Enlisted Men’s Waist Belts of

the Civil War Period,” in Military Collector

and Historian 22, no. 4 (Winter 1970):

135-6.

Sullivan, David M. “A Civil War Era Marine Sergeant’s

Wallet,” in Military Collector and

Historian 59, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 179.

Tafel, Anthony L. “Civil War Officer’s Mess Kit,” in Military

Collector and Historian 26, no. 1 (Spring

1974): 43-44.

Woodhead, Henry, ed. Echoes of glory: Arms and Equipment of

the Union. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life

Books, 1991.

Woshner, Mike.

India-rubber and Gutta-percha in the Civil

War Era: An Illustrated History of Rubber

and Pre-Plastic Antiques and Militaria.

Alexandria, VA: O’Donnell Publications,

1999.

Books and Articles – Union Badges and Insignias

Albert, Alphaeus H. Record of American Uniform and Historical

Buttons. Boyertown, PA: Boyertown

Publishing, 1976).

———, “The Mill on Mad River - Scovill Button

Company,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 1, No. 3

Binder, Daniel J. “A Glossary of American Military Button

Terminology,” in Military Collector and

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Essential Civil War Curriculum | Copyright 2017 Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech Page 17 of 24

Historian 56, No. 3 (Fall 2004): 1

Bazelon, Bruce S. and William F.

McGuinn.

Military Button Makers and Dealers; Their

Backmarks and Dates. Chelsea, MI:

BookCrafters, 1988.

Braddock, Paul F.

“Armed Forces Identification Tags,” in

Military Collector and Historian 24, no. 4

(Winter 1972): 112-4.

Brinckerhoff, Sidney B.

Metal Uniform Insignia of the Frontier U.S.

Army, 1846-1902. Tucson: Arizona Historical

Society, 1976.

Campbell, Duncan and Michael O’Donnell, American Military Headgear, Insignia.

Alexandria, VA: O’Donnell Publications,

2004.

Campbell, Duncan and Edgar M. Howell

American Military Insignia, 1800-1851.

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution,

1963.

Chappell, Gordon S. “Civil War Signal Corps Officer’s Insignia,”

in Military Collector and Historian 30, no. 2

(Summer 1978): 85.

Emerson, William K.

Encyclopedia of United States Army Insignia

and Uniforms. Norman: University of

Oklahoma Press, 1996.

———. Chevrons: Illustrated History and Catalog of

U.S. Army Insignia. Washington, D.C.:

Smithsonian Institute Press, 1983.

———. U.S. Army Soldiers and Their chevrons: An

Illustrated Catalog and History From the

Revolutionary War to Present. San Jose,

CA: James Bender Publishing, 2013.

Gavin, William G.

“The Eagle Buckle,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 2, no. 2.

Hughes, J. Robert “Gold or Silver? Captains’ and First

Lieutenants’ Shoulder Straps of the Civil

War and Indian Wars Periods,” in Military

Collector and Historian 56, no. 3 (Fall

2004): 182-3.

Jacobsen, Jacques Noel, Jr.

“Civil War Army of the Potomac Corps

Badge,” in Military Collector and Historian

48, no. 2 (Summer 1996): 90.

Ladeau, Marius B. “Corps Badges of the Civil War,” in Military

Collector and Historian 23, no. 4

(Winter 1971): 103-12.

Lanham, Howard G. Straps: Evolution of U.S. Army Shoulder

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Straps. Westminster, MD: Freehold

Publications, 1998.

Phillips, Stanley Civil War Corps Badges and Other Related

Awards, Badges, Medals of the Period:

Including a Section on Post-Civil War and

Spanish American War Corps Badges.

Lanham, MD: published by the author, 1982.

Sylvia, Becky “Focus on Corps Badges,” in North South

Trader’s Magazine 1, No. 2

Tice, Warren Dating Buttons: A Chronology of Button

Types, Makers, Retailers and Their

Backmarks. Essex Junction, VT: published

by the author, 2002.

———, Uniform buttons of the United States, 1776-

1865. Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications,

1997.

Martin A. Wyckoff United States Military Buttons of the Land

Services, 1787-1902: A Guide and

Classificatory System. Bloomington, IL:

McLean County Historical Society, 1984.

Books and Articles – Union Uniforms

Archambault, Alan H.

“The Civil War Uniform of Asa Lyman,” in

Military Collector and Historian 44, no. 3

(Fall 1992): 149.

———.

“A ‘McDowell Pattern’ Civil War Forage

Cap,” in Military Collector and Historian 45,

no. 1 (Spring 1993): 33.

Carr, William T.

“Michigan Issued Gray Uniforms of the Civil

War,” in Military Collector and Historian

60, no. 4 (Winter 2008): 241-3.

———. “Michigan Civil War Era Militia Uniforms,”

in Military Collector and Historian 67, no. 4

(Winter 2015): 346-56.

Cunningham, Michael R. “Complete Soldier: One Soldier – The

Whole Shebang,” in North South Trader’s

Magazine 38, no. 6, 42-57.

Dumford, W. Chris

“Distinctions of a Late War Civil War k

Kepi,” in Military Collector and Historian

63, no. 3 (Fall 2011): 154-7.

———.

“A Potential Private Purchase Civil War

Enlisted Frock Coat,” in Military Collector

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and Historian 67, no. 4 (Winter 2015): 346-

56.

Elting, John R. Long Endure: The Civil War Period, 1852-

1867. vol. 3 of 4 in the series Military

Uniforms in America. Novato, CA: Presidio

Press, 1982.

Gaede, Frederick Charles “Gaiters for the Army of the Potomac in the

Civil War,” in Military Collector and

Historian 66, no. 3 (Fall 2014): 199.

Howell, Edgar M. and Donald E. Kloster.

United States Army Headgear, 1855-1902:

Catalog of United States Army Uniforms in

the Collections of the Smithsonian

Institution. Washington, DC: Smithsonian

Institution Press, 1975.

Ladeau, Marius B. “Civil War Artillery Officers in Full Dress,”

in Military Collector and Historian 15, no. 1

(Spring 1963): 21.

Langellier, John P. Army Blue: The Uniform of Uncle Sam’s

Regulars, 1848-1873. Atglen, PA: Schiffer

Publishing, 1996.

———.

U.S. Army Headgear, 1812-1872. Atglen,

PA: Schiffer Military History, 2002.

McAfee, Michael and John P. Langellier Billy Yank: The Uniform of the Union

Soldier, 1861-1865, vol. 4 of 29 in the series

G.I. Illustrated History of the American

Soldier, His Uniform and His Equipment.

London: Greenhill Books, 1996.

McAfee, Michael Zouaves: The First and the bravest.

Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1991.

Osman, Stephen E. “Army Drawers in the Civil War,” in

Military Collector and Historian 47, no. 3

(Fall 1995): 138-41.

Reed, Irving R. “Civil War Medical Department Uniforms,”

in Military Collector and Historian 4, no. 1

(March 1952): 21.

Shaw, Alban P., III “Civil War Medical Department Uniforms,”

in Military Collector and Historian 3, no. 2

(June 1951): 48.

Troiani, Don “Civil War Leggings,” in Military Collector

and Historian 48, no. 3 (Fall 1995): 2140.

Westphal, Ronald M. “An Early Civil War Officer’s Frock Coat,”

in Military Collector and Historian 59, no. 2

(Summer 2007): 74-75.

Winey, Michael J. Union Army uniforms at Gettysburg.

Essential Civil War Curriculum | Alan C. Aimone, Civil War Uniforms and Accoutrements | February 2017

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Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1998.

Museums – Primary Sources for Uniforms and Accoutrements

Museum Name Contact information and Website

A. H. Stephens State Historical Park &

Confederate Museum

456 Alexander Street NW Crawfordville

GA 30631

http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/ahs

tephens.html

American Association of Museums

The Official Museum Directory identifies

small to large museums having Civil War

collections. Many county, municipal and

regional museums across the United States

have Civil War uniforms and articles in

their collections.

http://www.officialmuseumdirectory.com/

The American Civil War Museum

(formerly The Museum of the

Confederacy)

The American Civil War Museum

comprises three sites: The Museum and

White House of the Confederacy as well as

Historic Tredegar, both in Richmond, and

The Museum of the Confederacy-

Appomattox in Appomattox, Virginia

1201 East Clay Street Richmond VA 23219

500 Tredegar Street Richmond VA 23219

159 Horseshoe Road Appomattox VA

24522

https://acwm.org/

The Citadel Archives and Museum 171 Moultrie Street Charleston SC 29409

http://library.citadel.edu/archives

Civil War Library & Museum of

Philadelphia

1805 Pine Street Philadelphia PA 19103

http://civilwarmuseumphila.org/

Confederate Memorial Hall Museum

929 Camp St., New Orleans LA 70130

http://confederatemuseum.com/visit-us/

Texas Heritage Museum (formerly the

Confederate Research Center)

112 Lamar Drive Hillsboro TX 76645

https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/artic

les/lbc04

Joshua L. Chamberlain Civil War Museum,

226 Maine Street Brunswick ME 04011

http://pejepscothistorical.org/chamberlain/jl

c

Grand Army of the Republic Civil War

Museum and Library

4278 Griscom Street Philadelphia PA

19124-3954

http://garmuslib.org/

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National Civil War Naval Museum

1002 Victory Drive Columbus GA 31901

http://www.portcolumbus.org/

National Infantry Museum and Soldier

Center (Fort Benning)

1775 Legacy Way Columbus GA 31903

http://www.nationalinfantrymuseum.org/

National Civil War Museum

1 Lincoln Circle Harrisburg PA 17103

http://www.nationalcivilwarmuseum.org/

National Museum of American History

(Smithsonian)

at Constitution Avenue Northwest between

12th and 14th Streets Washington, DC

https://www.si.edu/

Pamplin Historical Park

6125 Boydton Plank Road Petersburg VA

23803

http://www.pamplinpark.org/

Rock Island Arsenal Museum

1 Rock Island Arsenal Building 60 – 3500

North Avenue Rock Island IL 61299-5000

http://www.arsenalhistoricalsociety.org/mu

seum/

U.S. Army Military History Institute of the

U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center

Pennsylvania State University 329F 1ST

Building University Park, PA 16802

https://www.clir.org/hiddencollections/regi

stry/hc.0214

U.S. Army Ordnance Museum,

U.S. Army Ordnance Center and School,

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

http://www.ordmusfound.org/

U.S. Army Quartermaster Museum

1201 22nd Street Fort Lee VA 23801

http://www.qmmuseum.lee.army.mil/main.

html?n=1

National Museum of the U.S. Navy

9th and M Streets SE Building 76

Washington DC 20374

https://www.history.navy.mil/content/histor

y/museums/nmusn.html

U.S. National and State Military Parks

Most National Military Parks have visitors’

centers where uniforms and accoutrements

are displayed. Major museums are located

at Andersonville, Chickamauga,

Chattanooga, Antietam, Gettysburg,

Shiloh, Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania,

Harpers Ferry and Vicksburg (USS Cairo).

VMI Museum at the Virginia Military

Institute,

415 Letcher Avenue Lexington VA 24450

http://www.vmi.edu/museums-and-

archives/vmi-museum/

West Point Museum at the United States

Military Academy

681 Hardee Place West Point NY 10996

http://www.westpoint.army.mil/museum.ht

ml

Wisconsin Veterans Museum Research 30 West Mifflin Street Madison WI 53703

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Center

http://www.wisvetsmuseum.com/collection

s/search/library/

Organizations

Organization Name Description, Contact Information and

Website

American Society of Military Insignia

Collectors (ASMIC)

The ASMIC was founded in1937 and

publishes a quarterly journal The Trading

Post.Their website is:

http://www.asmic.org/default.aspx

Association of American Military Uniform

Collectors (AAMUC)

The AAMUC was founded in 1977 by a

group of collectors and publishes the

quarterly newsletter, Footlocker. Their

website is http://www.aamuc.org/

Society of American Bayonet Collectors.

The Society of American Bayonet

Collectors is dedicated to the study,

collecting and preservation of antique and

modern bayonets. Their website is

http://bayonetcollectors.org/

Web Resources

URL Name and description

http://www.cowanauctions.com/ Cowan’s Auctions offers many Civil War

related auction items in catalog or online

through their website.

http://www.civilwardealers.com/

Illustrated directory of Civil War dealers &

collectors.

http://www.gunshows-usa.com/

Gunshows-usa.com lists gun shows

throughout the United States by date and

location and is updated weekly.

http://www.historicgraphics.com/ Historic Graphics offers services and

materials relating to images and publications

about American history.

http://www.krausebooks.com/ Krause Books produces militaria price

guides.

Other Sources

Name Description, Contact information including

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address, email

Artilleryman Magazine Artilleryman Magazine has a 35 year index

of articles about artillery from the

Revolutionary War to World War II

including extensive material on Civil War

artillery.

http://artillerymanmagazine.com/

Civil War Navy, The Magazine

Civil War Navy, The Magazine has been

published since 2004. Their website is

http://www.civilwarnavy.com/

Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly, 1861-

1865 contains contemporary images of

uniforms and accoutrements. Issues can be

viewed on-line. http://www.accessible-

archives.com/collections/frank-leslies-

weekly/

Harper’s Weekly Harper’s Weekly, 1861-1865 1865 contains

contemporary images of uniforms and

accoutrements. Issues can be viewed on-line.

http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/

serial?id=harpersweekly

North South Trader’s Magazine North South Trader’s Magazine has

published articles since 1973 covering

many aspects of Civil War uniforms and

accoutrements. Their website which lists all

their publications is:

http://www.nstcivilwar.com/

Military Collector & Historian Military Collector and Historian is the

journal of The Company of Military

Historians and has published numerous

articles covering many aspects of Civil War

uniforms and accoutrements. Their website

which lists all their publications is:

http://www.military-

historians.org/publications/journal/journals

earch.htm

www.militaryimagesmagazines.com -

Military Images: Documenting the

Photographic History of the U.S. Soldier

and Sailor

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Scholars

Name Email

Alan Aimone [email protected]

Topic Précis

The best single study about Civil War uniforms and equipment is by a founder of the

Company of Military Historians and former West Point Museum Director, Fred Todd:

American Military Equipage, 1851-1872. The illustrated three volume work is enhanced

by the drawings and research of museum curators, artists and historians: Maria Todd,

George Woodbridge, Lee Wallace, Jr. Michael McAfee and Fred Chapman. The volumes

are arranged by topics and each individual state’s variation of issued uniforms,

accoutrements and equipment is identified. Shorter surveys are available through Ron

Field’s Uniforms of the Civil War and artist historian Don Troiani’s Regiments and

Uniforms of the Civil War. This essay discusses the uniforms and accoutrements of the

Civil War by focusing on publications, primary sources like museum collections and web

resources for the various sub topics including general publications, buttons, image sources,

Confederate accoutrements, Confederate uniforms, Union accoutrements, Union badges

and insignia, Union uniforms, museums and more. Published with the essay is a 25 page

Resources document which provides a wealth of sources of information on Civil War

uniforms and equipment.

****