“Civil War Issues”

Kimberly MorrisSamantha Sandoval

Tyler Jester Eliana Cedeno-Rodriguez

Triad C-186Spring 2015

• Theme: Civil War

• List topics: – Medical Death/Military Weaponry Death – Slavery Issues – North/South – Economic Issues

Kimberly Morris

“But perhaps the most significant factor in camp life was disease, which killed far more men than the battle did (McClintock).”– The meeting of the North and South during battle

was the cause of many diseases.– The soldiers camp life was eat, sleep, and go to the

bathroom all in the same place.– The meals for soldiers was essentially the same kind

of foods the slave owners families fed their slaves.

Disease

• “There were no antibiotics and hardly any vaccines, as no one knew that germs (microorganisms) caused many diseases (“150 Pennsylvania Civil War”).”

• “Lacking professional training but endlessly resourceful, the volunteer nurses of the Civil War labored tirelessly to bring aid and comfort to the sick and wounded soldiers on both sides of the fighting (“Civil War Nurses”).”

Poor Hygiene• “North and South, men were thrown

together in large groups living in squalid camps, exposed to a plethora of new and irresistible diseases, and they died by the hundreds and were sick by the thousands (Heidler, Heidler, and Farr).”

• A united States Commission was created on June 13, 1861, right before the Battle of Bull Run to address the horrible conditions in the camps. Nothing came of this commission, however, because Lincoln wasn’t able to provide the proper conditions. (Heidler, Heidler, and Farr)

Nutrition • “It was difficult to supply so many men in

so many places and the North had a greater advantage in their commissary system was already established at the outbreak of the war, while the confederacy struggled for many years to obtain food and then get it to their armies (“American Civil War Recipes”).”

• The meals were also uncooked, and given to the soldier so they could prepare them the way they wanted. (“American Civil War Recipes”)

• The food they were served was normally the same kind of food the slave owners would feed their slaves.

• The food amount they were given on a daily bases was also extremely rationed.

Did men only die of diseases, poor hygiene, and lack of nutrition?

• No, “most of the soldiers in the Civil War did die of disease and hunger, but there is a percentage that died from military weaponry on the battlefield (Kimberly Morris’ essay).”

• One of the biggest reasons disease was spreading so rampantly throughout the camps was like Prof. Wooster said in lecture April 20, 2015, “Medical help could not keep up with the military weaponry that was used.”

• There were many major battles that caused a lot of deaths just because of the way the men went about fighting, as in, the First Battle of Bull Run.

Conclusion

• Although many men died of shots fired to them it led to many other reasons why the men died.

• If the men weren’t shot then most likely a certain disease wouldn’t have occurred, but with the lack of knowledge the doctors and nurses faced during that time they didn’t know that not cleaning and sewing a wound would spark many diseases and cause for more men to die from one persons wound.

• Therefore, my argument stands that men did die from the military weaponry that shot them, but most died from the diseases, poor hygiene around the camp, and the lack of nutrition on a daily basis.

Works Cited

"American Civil War Recipes Union Hardtrack and Confederate Johnnie Cakes." www.americancivilwar.com. N.p., n.d.

Web. 15 Apr. 2015. <http://www.americancivilwar.com/tcwn/civil_war/civil_war_cooking.html>.

"Civil War Nurses." www.historynet.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2015. <http://www.historynet.com/civil-war-nurses>.

"Civil War 150." www.history.com. N.p., 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. <http://www.history.com/interactives/civil-war-

150#/how-they-died>.

Eric, Foner. Give Me Liberty. 4th ed. New York: Steve Forman, 2012. Print. An American History.

Heidler, David S., Jeanna T. Heidler, and Warner Farr. "MEDICINE." Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A

Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara: David S. Heidler, 2000. N. pag. Print.

John, Hollitz. Contending Voices. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Boston: Wadsorth, 2011. Print.

Kimberly Morris. Civil War. Argumentative Essay. April 20, 2015

McClintock, Russel. "Civil War." Encyclopedia of American Studies. John Hopkins University Press: Simon Bronner,

2014. N. pag. Print.

"150 Pennsylvania Civil War." pacivilwar150.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

<http://pacivilwar150.com/ThenNow/Medicine/Medications>.

Professor Robert Wooster. Lecture April 20, 2015. CI 138. The Bloodiest Battle.

Shoaf, Dana. "Grappling with Death." Civil War Times 51.6 (2012): 24-25. Print.

Samantha Sandoval

• slavery issues

How was slavery in the civil war?

• Slavery was one of the most influential and emotional events in American history to date, slavery also sparked the civil war. Is one of the most important events that happen in the civil war, of course it wasn’t the main one but it was what impacted a lot of people and political events in the 1800’s.The government couldn’t decide on whether to keep expanding slavery into the new states and such.

Development of the cotton-gin was critical to

the success of slavery.• The cotton-gin machine was one critical success in the slavery

for the south was one of the best inventions not just because it help the slaves making the job easy but also because the owners would get more profit out of it. “In many ways, cotton was an ideal crop; it was easily grown, and unlike food crops its fibers could be store for a long period of time” Zimmerman, A. (2015). With the cotton-gin machine two persons could of clean more than 100 person as using the new inventions of Eli Whitney. The cotton become something that America needed in the daily basis so that help the economy raise up, of course the slaves had a lot of work to do still it was not just the machine but it was faster.

How was slavery for the north and south?

. Slaves helped better the economy in large farms were labor was intense for them growing tobacco wasn’t anything easy as it sounds, but the slaves work hard to make it happen for their owners. At the end of the American Revolution the north didn’t show as much improvement with the slaves and the north was dying out, as well in the south they didn’t show as much improvement. They drop tobacco prices for the reason of not making profits. As I explain in my background about the invention of Eli Whitney and the cotton-gin machine help the economy go back to make profit and for slavery to be easier and less hard of a job, the cotton was easier to grow in the south. Most southern owned no slaves in the (1860).

There was negotiations between owners and masters

• The negotiation that the owners and master used to have with the slaves was really interesting such in the fact of how slaves would still work for them but they would try to take something of that, pretty much like a deal between both of them. “By the 19th century in allowable heads had far more physical power over their slaves that their employees”. Steve, E. (2011).

• In the 1800 the slaves try to talk with the owner that if they were able to work one of their land they would give him half of the profit for some owners it was a very good deal because they wouldn’t give the slaves more food or anything, it was a job that was done pretty much free and the only thing that owner “white man” were interested in was making more profits to keep owning more slaves and making their land been well take care of. “Slaves worked at all sorts of jobs throughout the slaveholding south, but the majority were field hands on relatively large plantations. Men, women, and children served as field hands. The owner decided when slave children would go into the fields, usually between the ages of 10 and 12”. Slavery in the American south [slavery in the American south]. (2013).

Objections to Arguments

• In my point of view slaves were not even as good white man could be able to do the same work as them and it could of safe so much stuff that happen in the civil war, when the expansion started I didn’t think that help as much to the economy. Why? Because owners had to feed, clothed and take care of slaves not such a good idea because eventually the expansion of them has to grow and it make a big deal on how slaves didn’t want to be separated with their family. This is one reason why the north had more moral to make their money not suffering as having slaves like the south.

Conclusion

•slavery was one of the biggest battle that the civil war face, everything started

because of the south how they wanted slaves to make their economy grow. After

that battle hundreds of people were killed while the north wasn’t on favor of

slavery and they were more moral on how to make their own economy grow

working hard without slaves. The cotton-gin was a big change as well and of

course for the south they started the slavery expansion and the economy kind of

went a little up thanks to the machine that made the job of slaves easier on

cleaning the cotton.

SourcesHistory.com. (2010, January 17). Retrieved April 17, 2015, from History.com      website: http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/ Leopold, M. (2003). Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa/The Root      Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars/Religion and Conflict in Sudan/War and Slavery      in Sudan/Changing Masters: Spirit possession and identity construction      among slave descendants and other subordinates in... . Slavery in America      Civil War, 102(409), 653-661.R. Wooster. Notes [notes]. (2015). class notes. Slavery in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2015, from a brief      history website: http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/      civil-war-overview/slavery.htmlSlavery in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2015, from EH.net      website: http://eh.net/encyclopedia/slavery-in-the-united-states.Steve, E. (2011). A symposium on the American civil war and slavery.      Historical Materialism, 19(4), 33-34.Zimmerman, A. (2015). From the Rhine to the Mississippi. Journal of the Civil      War Era. 5(1), 3-37.Slavery in the American south [slavery in the American south]. (2013). Retrieved      April 20, 2015, from constitutional rights foundation website:      http://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/slavery-in-the-american-south.

Tyler Jester

• North vs. South• Strategies that made the North better

Battle of Gettysburg

• The Union had approximately 94,000 soldiers as apposed to the Confederates 70,000 soldiers.

• The Union was beaten on the first day but soldiers were able to regroup and regain momentum for the next two days of battle. The Union soldiers were on higher ground which they used to their advantage.

• On the third day, the Union Soldiers were able to establish strong positions and push the Confederates back until they finally retreated after the long day.

• The Union had lost around 23,000 men and the Confederates had lost around 28,000 men.

The Battle of the Crater

• Union soldiers dug a tunnel under Confederate territory and planted explosives to detonate Confederate soldiers.

• The Union used coal miners to dig the tunnel quickly.

• The tunnel was detonated killing many Confederate soldiers, however, reinforcements arrived quickly killing many Union soldiers.

Ulysses S. Grant

• Can be considered one of the best generals during the civil war.

• Developed a plan to attack Robert E. Lee and the Confederates by crossing the James River and have his men of the Potomac Army follow the Confederates to watch their every move.

• Lee had opportunity to attack during the river crossings but never made an attempt.

Objections/rebuttal

• The Confederates used strategies against the Union as well. They drew up plans to attack the Union soldiers and also included numbers of soldiers from both armies.

• Robert E. Lee disguised his plans in a box of cigars which were discovered by Union soldiers.

• The finding of the plans resulted in a strategic win for the Union

Conclusion

• The Civil War was a battle, which was fought over slavery, resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands of men in the United States. It took place because the south relied on slavery to keep the economy above water, while the north was apposed to slavery and was becoming more and more industrialized. The Union and Confederacy both had different strategies used during the war, such as using topography or sneak attacks. Some of these attacks failed while others were successful.

Sources Doyle, P. (2006). Military geology and the battle of Gettysburg, July 1863. Geology Today, 22(4), 142-149. Ehlen, J., & Whisonant, R.C. (2008). Military geology of Antietam battlefield, Maryland, USA—geology, terrain, and casualties. Geology Today, 24(1), 20-27.

Hennessy, C., & Barry, B. E. (2013). The civil war battle of the crater: An engineering inspiration. . Civil Engineering, 83(9), 62-66.

Reid, B. H. (1993). Another look at Grant's crossing of the James, 1864. Civil War History, 39(4), 291-316. Wooster, R (2015) Lecture Notes April 22

Elianna RodriguezCivil War: More Then Slavery

Intro; If one were to ask the average human being, the causes of the Civil war, that person would most likely respond with one word: SLAVERY. Therefore my three arguments reason are..

• Economics/religious • Political power issues • The Morrill Tariffs

Background

• The Civil War lasted for four years (1861-1865), it was between the American people of the Northern & Southern state .

• The North was an Industrial Society while the South was known for their fertile soil and warm climate making crops like tobacco and cotton their main sources.

• North= Republicans that practiced anti-slavery, South= democratic and practiced pro-slavery during and after the Civil War.

Argument 1: Economics, ethics & religious.

• “Some authors have argued that ethnically diverse societies have a higher probability of ethnic conflicts, which may lead to the Civil War”. “Also many researcher in political science have emphasized the important of religious difference which caused some conflicts between the North and the South”. -(Arnold, 2006)

• North• Majority are Arab or

Muslims

• South• Christians or follow

African animist religious

With religious expanding lots of different groups of beliefs increased causing different point of views of issues during this time, for example the north churches argued that the bible treated slavery as a morally legitimate institution (The old testament law) Also during this time faith, family and beliefs are the aspect with which people identify themselves, the characteristic for which they fight and die.

Argument 2: Political Power• In the Civil War ear political was a big issue on different beliefs and lack of equal

right. There was lots of debates on where the north favored a more central government , while the south insisted upon the state having their own government without federal interferences.

• Lots of beliefs and opinions were being fought for , for example the south believed in Nullification Act( the right to decide if a law passes by congress was conditional or not.

• The north argued that only the U.S Supreme court declare a law unconditional. • Another issue was the Western Territories, where the south protected the viability

of slavery and promote the intuition spread of the western territories • The north however saw the territories as the basis of an ‘empire of liberty” and

fear of western immigration, exposed to competition. • One example that I listed in my paper was the Dred-Scott case, on how court/

political issues where dealt back in this years. – (McClintock, 2014)

Argument 3; Morrill Tariffs • Morrill Tariff, was a law that made some significant changes in how duties

were on good entering the country, and it also raised rate. • The north northern state, were constantly trying to raise taxes on

southern state through high tariffs on imported good. The issue started when goods coming into southern ports were being tax at a rate of sometime over 50% of selling price.

• The federal government, forced the goods to be sold to southerners at a much high prices, and later collect the tax , after collecting the taxes then they will invest it in the northern industry.

• The southerner later felt like they were taking advantage , which led to actions as aggressive and threatening. – (Scott-Smith, 2005)

Conclusion

• The Civil War was a historical event, lots of debates and arguments are still going on till this point on all the causes that build this war.

• When learning about this topic I would like to give some credit to the other conflicts that led to the civil war and not only slavery, yes it was a big impact but it was the only result of the war.

• “HISTORY TRUTH WILL NEVER BE KNOWN” therefore I strongly believe throughout my research and knowledge that Religious, different diverse ethnics, high tariffs and political power has had some sort of effect in the Civil war !