Misssissippi Burning: The movieMisssissippi Burning: The movie

MIBURN: DEATH IN MISSSISSIPPIMIBURN: DEATH IN MISSSISSIPPI

CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS VS.VS. SEGREGATION SEGREGATION

AMERICAN CIVIL AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT RIGHTS MOVEMENT

(1954-1968):(1954-1968):

• A reform movement in the A reform movement in the USA aimed at USA aimed at ABOLISHING ABOLISHING RACIAL DISCRIMINATIONRACIAL DISCRIMINATION against African Americans against African Americans and restoring their and restoring their VOTING VOTING RIGHTSRIGHTS in Southern states in Southern states

• The struggle was far more The struggle was far more than just civil rights under than just civil rights under law. It was also about law. It was also about fundamental issues of fundamental issues of FREEDOM, RESPECT, DIGNITYFREEDOM, RESPECT, DIGNITY and and ECONOMICECONOMIC and and SOCIAL SOCIAL EQUALITY.EQUALITY.

SEGREGATION: SEGREGATION:

• A kind of formalized or A kind of formalized or institucionlized (by law or social institucionlized (by law or social norms) norms) DISCRIMINATION ON THE DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACEBASIS OF RACE and the and the SEPARATIONSEPARATION of different racial of different racial groups in daily life.groups in daily life.

• 100 years after the Civil War, the 100 years after the Civil War, the legacy of slavery in the South legacy of slavery in the South was a was a SEGREGATED SOCIETYSEGREGATED SOCIETY..

Black people and white people Black people and white people lived lived SIDE-BY-SIDE BUT IN SIDE-BY-SIDE BUT IN SEPARATESEPARATE WORLDSWORLDS. .

• Public facilities were for blacks Public facilities were for blacks or whites. or whites. FACILITIES FOR BLACKS FACILITIES FOR BLACKS WERE ALWAYS POORER in quality.WERE ALWAYS POORER in quality.

THE AMERICA THE AMERICA OF OF JIM CROW LAWSJIM CROW LAWS““SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”

JIM CROW LAWS: JIM CROW LAWS: STATE AND LOCAL LAWS THAT IMPOSED STRICT RACIAL STATE AND LOCAL LAWS THAT IMPOSED STRICT RACIAL SEGREGATION SEGREGATION FOR BLACK AMERICANS AND OTHER NON-WITHE FOR BLACK AMERICANS AND OTHER NON-WITHE RACIAL GROUPS.RACIAL GROUPS.

ENACTED BETWEEN 1876 AND 1965 IN THE USA.ENACTED BETWEEN 1876 AND 1965 IN THE USA.

MANDATED MANDATED DE IUREDE IURE SEGREGATION IN ALL PUBLIC FACILITIES, SEGREGATION IN ALL PUBLIC FACILITIES, ALSO ALSO RESTRICTED THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OF RESTRICTED THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OF BLACK PEOPLE.BLACK PEOPLE.

CinemasCinemasDance HallsDance Halls

TheatresTheatres

CinemasCinemasDance HallsDance Halls

TheatresTheatresPublic

Transportations& Facilities

PublicTransportations

& FacilitiesNeighbourhoods

Housing

NeighbourhoodsHousing

ShopsShopsCafesCafes

RestaurantsRestaurants

ShopsShopsCafesCafes

RestaurantsRestaurantsWhere was

Segregationapplied?

Where was Segregation

applied?

CinemasDance Halls

Theatres

CinemasDance Halls

TheatresPublic

Transportations& Facilities

PublicTransportations

& FacilitiesNeighbourhoods

Housing

NeighbourhoodsHousing

HospitalsBlood Banks

HospitalsBlood Banks

SchoolsUniversities

SchoolsUniversities

ShopsCafes

Restaurants

ShopsCafes

RestaurantsWhere was

Segregationapplied?

Where was Segregation

applied?

CinemasDance Halls

Theatres

CinemasDance Halls

TheatresPublic

Transportations& Facilities

PublicTransportations

& FacilitiesNeighbourhoods

Housing

NeighbourhoodsHousing

HospitalsBlood Banks

HospitalsBlood Banks

The U.S.Military

The U.S.Military

SchoolsUniversities

SchoolsUniversities

ShopsCafes

Restaurants

ShopsCafes

RestaurantsWhere was

Segregationapplied?

Where was Segregation

applied?

CinemasDance Halls

Theatres

CinemasDance Halls

Theatres Where was Segregation

applied?

Where was Segregation

applied?

ShopsCafes

Restaurants

ShopsCafes

RestaurantsWhere was Segregation

applied?

Where was Segregation

applied?The U.S.Military

The U.S.Military

CinemasDance Halls

Theatres

CinemasDance Halls

TheatresWhere was Segregation

applied?

Where was Segregation

applied?Public

Transportations& Facilities

PublicTransportations

& FacilitiesNeighbourhoods

Housing

NeighbourhoodsHousing

HospitalsBlood Banks

HospitalsBlood Banks

SchoolsUniversities

SchoolsUniversities

ShopsCafes

Restaurants

ShopsCafes

Restaurants

THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)TIMELINE TIMELINE ~ ~ MAIN EVENTSMAIN EVENTS

• 19541954 Supreme Court. Brown vs Board of EducationSupreme Court. Brown vs Board of Education

• 1955-561955-56 Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus BoycottRosie Parks, SCLC and MLK Jr.Rosie Parks, SCLC and MLK Jr.

• 19571957 DesegregationDesegregationThe Little Rock NineThe Little Rock Nine

• 19601960 The sits-ins & picketingsThe sits-ins & picketings

• 19611961 Freedom RidesFreedom RidesVoter Registration OrganizingVoter Registration Organizing

• 1961/621961/62 Albany movementAlbany movementJames Meredith at Mississippi UniversityJames Meredith at Mississippi University

• 19631963 March on WashingtonMarch on Washington

THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)TIMELINE TIMELINE ~ ~ MAIN EVENTSMAIN EVENTS

• 1963/641963/64 Birmingham CampaingBirmingham CampaingChildren’s CrusadeChildren’s Crusade

• 19641964 Mississippi SummerMississippi SummerMississippi BurningMississippi BurningMLK Jr. Awarded Nobel Peace PrizeMLK Jr. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize

• 19651965 Selma to Montgomery Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights ActVoting Rights Act

• 1968 1968 MLK Jr.: Poor People’s MarchMLK Jr.: Poor People’s MarchApril 4April 4thth : MLK Jr. Murdered. : MLK Jr. Murdered. The Civil Rights ActThe Civil Rights Act

THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968)PLAYERS PLAYERS & LEADERS& LEADERS

Civil RightsMovementCivil RightsMovement

People’s MovementPeople’s

MovementLeaders &

OrganizationsLeaders &

Organizations

Black Peoplein Deep SouthBlack People

in Deep South VolunteersVolunteers

BlackChurches

BlackChurches

People’s MovementPeople’s

Movement

Black Peoplein Deep SouthBlack People

in Deep South VolunteersVolunteers

BlackChurches

BlackChurches

Leaders &Organizations

Leaders &Organizations

Organizations:SCLCSNCCCOFONAACPCORE

Organizations:SCLCSNCCCOFONAACPCORE

Non-violentNon-violent

Leaders:T. Marshall

Medgar EversJames MeredithLittle Rock NineGreensboro Four

R. ParksM.L. King Jr.

Leaders:T. Marshall

Medgar EversJames MeredithLittle Rock NineGreensboro Four

R. ParksM.L. King Jr.

Organizations:Black Muslim & Nation of Islam

Black Power MovementBlack Panther Party

Organizations:Black Muslim & Nation of Islam

Black Power MovementBlack Panther Party

Radicals(since mid 60’s)

Radicals(since mid 60’s)

Leaders:Malcom X

S. CarmichaelH. P. NewtonBobby Seale

Leaders:Malcom X

S. CarmichaelH. P. NewtonBobby Seale

CourtcasesCourtcasesCourtcasesCourtcases““Sit –InsSit –Ins”““Sit –InsSit –Ins”

MarchesMarchesMarchesMarches

TacticsTacticsTacticsTactics

DemonstrationsDemonstrationsDemonstrationsDemonstrations

WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE?WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE?

DURING THE 1950S AND 1960S THE CIVIL RIGHTS DURING THE 1950S AND 1960S THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT MOVEMENT DID ACHIEVE A GREAT DEALDID ACHIEVE A GREAT DEAL::

TO BREAK DOWN SEGREGATION IN THE USATO BREAK DOWN SEGREGATION IN THE USA

THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE :THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE :

ENACTMENT LAWS ALLOWING FOR THE ENACTMENT LAWS ALLOWING FOR THE PROSECUTION OF RACIST CRIMES AND VILLIFICATIONPROSECUTION OF RACIST CRIMES AND VILLIFICATION

CHANGES IN DAILY LIFE FOR ALL AMERICANSCHANGES IN DAILY LIFE FOR ALL AMERICANS

CHANGES TO FEDERAL AND STATE LAWSCHANGES TO FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS(Black people should have the same social(Black people should have the same social

and political rights as white people)and political rights as white people)

WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE?WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE?

CHANGING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

CHANGING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT1957:

Discrimination is now illegal

All Americans have the right to vote

A Comission on Civil Rights

is set up

The Act changed little in the south

of the USA

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT1957:

Discrimination is now illegal

All Americans have the right to vote

A Comission on Civil Rights

is set up

The Act changed little in the south

of the USA

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1964:

Outlawed segregation in

schools and public places

No racism allowed in employment

Equal Employment Opportunities

Commission set up to investigate

complaints

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1964:

Outlawed segregation in

schools and public places

No racism allowed in employment

Equal Employment Opportunities

Commission set up to investigate

complaints

LOVING VS.

VIRGINIA 1967:

Interracial marriage

is no longer againts the law

LOVING VS.

VIRGINIA 1967:

Interracial marriage

is no longer againts the law

FAIR HOUSING ACT 1968:

To stop racial discrimination

in housing

FAIR HOUSING ACT 1968:

To stop racial discrimination

in housing

VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965:

No discriminatory voting pactices

allowed

Outlawed Literacy Tests

VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965:

No discriminatory voting pactices

allowed

Outlawed Literacy Tests

HISTORIC CIVIL RIGHTS PLACES HISTORIC CIVIL RIGHTS PLACES

IN THEIN THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

LINCOLM LINCOLM MEMORIAL MEMORIAL

WASHINGTON DCWASHINGTON DC

MENPHISMENPHIS

THE SELMA TO MONTGOMERY NATIONAL THE SELMA TO MONTGOMERY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL (SINCE 1996)HISTORIC TRAIL (SINCE 1996)

A PLACE YOU SHOULD KNOW:A PLACE YOU SHOULD KNOW: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL

CENTERCENTER

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL CENTERCENTER

INSIDE THE MEMORIALINSIDE THE MEMORIAL

THE WALL OF TOLERANCETHE WALL OF TOLERANCE