CIVIL RIGHTSGrant Groshek Sergio Reyes Tess Breuch Daniella Raz

Plessey vs. Ferguson

• A good start for gaining civil rights

• Court case in 1896

• “Separate but Equal”

NAACP Founded

• Founded in 1909

• Influenced by Charles Houston Hamilton and W.E.B. Du Bois

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• Pushed for the civil rights movement

MLK Jr., Thurgood M., Charles Houston H., W.E.B D., Ben J.

Thurgood Marshall

• African- American NAACP Lawyer

• Attacked the segregation platform

• Became the first black Supreme Court justice

• Defended the “Brown v. Board of Education” court case

Brown v. Topeka Board of Education

• Linda Brown is refused acceptance into a school that is supposedly “all-white”

• Case goes as far as the supreme court where Thurgood Marshall defends her

• The case turns out in a victory for Brown

• Monumental moment in history, desegregation in schools.

Little Rock 9• Nine black students who

wished to attend an all white high school

• Gov. of Arkansas sent the national guard to stop them

• President Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect and escort the students

• Desegregated schools

Rosa Parks• Born in 1913• Refused to use colored only facilities• Member of NAACP• Dec. 1, 1955, refused to get up from her seat for a white person

• Boycotted buses, demanded equal treatment

Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Lead by Rosa Parks• Refusal to use buses in

Montgomery as long as they are segregated

• Buses lose revenue, must change laws

Shirley Chisholm

• First African-American woman in the House of Representatives

• Born to immigrant parents

• Attended Brooklyn College and Columbia University

• Shows that black were able to improve their situation

SNCC

• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

• College students viewed the pace of change as too slow

• Risk being kicked out for the cause

Freedom Rides/ CORE

• Two busses that travelled all across the nation to provoke a violent reaction that would force the Kennedy administration to respond.

• Bus companies did not allow the desegregation in the busses by the members

• Whites got violent as expected and was heard all over the nation

Martin Luther King, Jr.

• Leader of SCLC• Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1964• Said all Americans had to be

freed; “Negroes from the bonds of segregation and shame, whites from the bonds of bigotry and fear.”

• Inspired blacks to nonviolently fight for their rights

March on Washington

• More than 250,000 people included

• Assembled by Lincoln Memorial

• “I Have a Dream” Speech• Monumental event• 2 weeks later,

Birmingham church bombing

• Eventually passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964

MLK Cont’d• Assasinated on April 4, 1968• Said “ I’ve seen the promised land. I

may not get there with you, but I want you to know that tonight, we as a people will get to the promised land.” Apr. 3, 1968

• Most influential civil rights activist.

As a result from all these people and organization’s efforts, African-Americans were able to improve their situation as citizens in terms of gaining equal civil rights and opportunities in the United States