civil part 4 15apr12

8/2/2019 Civil Part 4 15apr12

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The Civil War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War


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President Lincoln:-Called for 75,000 volunteersto serve in the army againstthe South.

- The Northerners thoughtthe war would be over inabout ninety days.-Southerners believed thatthe war would be overquickly.-With flags held up high bothNortherners andSoutherners marched into

battle.

The Conflict Takes ShapePART I
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html


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REASONS FOR WAR:

- The Southerners were convinced their cause for leaving the Union wasright: succession.

Eight new states had to decide which side they would join.

- The border states, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware

decided to stay with the Union, or northern states.

- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas decided to stay withthe Confederacy, or the southern states..

-- The Northerners wanted first to preserve the Union, and second, fightto abolish slavery.


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- When the war began each side was convinced that their cause

was right. The South wanted to preserve the Southern way of life.This would mean that slavery would continue!

Southern Disadvantages:

- The South did not have as many soldiers as the

Northerners, but they knew the countryside.

- The Southerners had few factories to makeweapons and other vital supplies. They had hardlyany ships in their Navy.

The South

SOUTHERN STRATEGY: The South had the advantage of fighting adefensive war. This means they would sit tight in the country andwait for the Northern Army to attack. They would try to wear out theNorthern army.

A Nation Divided


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The NorthNorthern Advantages:

- The North had three times as many citizens as compared to theSouth. Thus they had more soldiers.

-Northern factories produced more than 90% of the nationsmanufactured goods, including weapons such as guns, cannons,and bullets.

- The North had a large Navy with many ships.

NorthernSoldiers

NorthernShips


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- President Lincoln declared martial law, or ruling by thearmy instead of elected government.

- Northerners felt they had to fightto restore the Union. At the onset ofthe war, abolishing slavery was notthe goalof the North. In fact, many

northerners were guided by theirfeelings of racism towards AfricanAmericans

Do you think Abraham Lincolns goal was to end slaveryin the United States?

Do you think a Northern victory would end racism in the

United States?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law


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LeadersNORTH AND SOUTH

-Jefferson Davis, as President of the ConfederateStates of America (CSA), led the South, or theConfederacy. Davis went to West Point Militaryacademy. He served our country in the Mexican War.

- Abraham Lincoln, as President of the United States of America, led the

North, or the Union. Many people had doubts about Lincolnsleadership, but he later proved to be a stronger leader, than Davis.

*** Robert E. Lee was asked by PresidentLincoln to join the Union Army as commanderand chief.

-Robert E. Lee refused the position andinstead became the Chief General of theConfederate Army.- Lee would not turn against his home state ofVirginia when his state supported the

Confederacy.


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UNION STRATEGY: ANACONDA PLAN

Designed to smother the Souths economy:

1. Naval blockade of the Souths coastline inorder to prevent transportation of goods orpeople into or out of an area.

2. Gain control of the Mississippi, splitting

the Confederacy in two.3. Attacking and take over the Confederate

capital of Richmond, Virginia.

Answer these questions:

a. What is the Anaconda Plan?b. What new military technology changed the

war?

MILITARY TECHNOLOGY:

Rifle: a gun with a groovedbarrel that causes a bullet tospin through the air, giving itmore distance and accuracy.Minie ball: a bullet with ahollow base, shooting fartherand more accurately.


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A Confederate soldier. A Union soldier
http://www.sinclair.edu/sec/his102/102doc01.htmhttp://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/gettkidz/reb.htm


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- On July 12, 1861 President Lincoln

sent troops from Washington, D.C. toRichmond, Virginia.-As soon as they left Washington theUnion soldiers clashed with theConfederate soldiers near a smallstream called Bull Run.

-Thomas Jackson, the general for the Confederacy, held his ground likea stone wall. Jackson henceforth became as General StonewallJackson".

*** At the end of the battle the Union retreated. The Confederate soldierswon the first major battle of the Civil War.This showed both sides they needed more training to win the war.Hence forth, this battle became known as the Battle of Bull Run. Italso demonstrated to both sides that this war would be a long and

bloody war!

The First Major Battle:1st Bull Run
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Runhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run


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- Jefferson Davis appointed

General Robert E. Lee as theCommander of the ConfederateArmy.

-President Lincoln appointed GeneralGeorge McClellan as the Commanderand Chief of the Union Army.

-McClellan was too cautious -- notaggressive in his battles against theConfederate Soldiers.

Robert E. Lee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McClellanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McClellan


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-In the battles of the Civil War the navy used ships covered in steel forthe first time. These ships were called ironclad ships.

-The Confederates used a steel ship called the Merrimack to fight thewar. They covered the ship with steel and renamed it the Virginia. Onits maiden voyage, this Confederate ironclad destroyed two Unionships.

Merrimack or Virginia

Ironclad Ships Change the War


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-In the end, the battle between the two ships did not seriously damage them,but both sides realized that ironclad ships had changed naval warfare forever.

-The Union used a steel ship called Monitor. This was the first Unionironclad that held its own in battle but was unable to claim a victory.

Monitor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam


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Battle of Antietam

- This battle took place in September, 1862, in Antietam, Maryland.

-General Lee left a copy of his battle plans at an abandoned campsite.

-General George McClellan had a clear chance at victory when he saw theplans, but he acted too slow. As a result, 23,000 Union and Confederatesoldiers died in battle.

-Neither side was the clear winner of this battle.

- General George McClellan did a poor job so he wasreplaced by General Burnside , as the Commander of theArmy of the Potomac, after the George McClellan armyfailed at this opportunity to win the war.

General Burnside
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Burnsidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Burnsidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Burnsidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Burnsidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam


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General Ulysses S. Grantappointed as the new Generaland Commander of the UnionArmy.

- Lincoln replaced GeneralBurnside because the Union was

not winning any battles.

-Lincoln was looking for aGeneral that would lead the

Union to a victory. Lincolnbelieved Grant could win the war.General Ulysses S. Grant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Granthttp://americancivilwar.com/north/grant.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant


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Grants Plan for Total War Against the South

-General Grant decided to destroy the South's ability tofight the war. Grant ordered his generals to wage

total war against the South.-He wanted the Union army to destroy food, equipment, andanything else they found that might be useful to the enemy(South).

General Grant said:

Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannotbe consumed. Let the valley be left so that crows flying over it will haveto carry their rations along with them

What does Grant saywith these words?


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Confederates Won Victories in the East

The Battle ofFredericksburg:

Robert E. Lees men dug

into a crest of a hill andmowed down wave afterwave of charging Unionforces. Confederatesclaimed this battle as awin.


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The BattleChancellorville:

Won in three daysby theConfederacy, butthey lost a greatleader, General

"Stonewall"Jackson, who diedfrom gunshotwounds from hisown men.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsville


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Union Won Victories in the West

In need of a victory,Abraham Lincolnappointed Ulysses S.Grant as theCommander and Chiefof the Union army.

In February, 1862,Grant took Tennesseeusing ironclads; FortHenry and FortDonelson. This moveopened up a river

highway into the heart ofthe South.

On April 6, 1862 at the Tennessee River,

General Grant won one of the bloodiestbattles: The Battle of Shiloh.Grant surprised the Confederate soldiers bybattling them the next day, at Shiloh. WhileGrant was leading his troops at the Battle ofShiloh, Union ships captured New Orleans

and Memphis.

A P i f F d
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_Of_Shilohhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_Of_Shiloh


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President Lincoln promised to end the Civil War. The warbegan as a war to restore the Union, not end slavery.

However, Lincolnmade a public statement in 1863:If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it;

and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if Icould do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would alsodo that."

Do you believe this was true?

Do you believe Lincoln wanted to end slavery?

A Promise of Freedom


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-By mid-1862 PresidentLincoln felt he could savethe Union if he broadened

the goals of the war (dealingwith the slavery issue).

-Lincoln decided to issuethe EmancipationProclamation to free

enslaved African Americansliving in the Confederacy.(The word, emancipate,means to set free.)

-On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issuedthe formal EmancipationProclamation which declared:

"That on the first day of January, in

the year of our Lord one thousandeight hundred and sixty-three, allpersons held as slaves within anyState or designated part of a State,the people whereof shall then be in

rebellion against the United States,shall be then, thenceforward, andforever free; and the ExecutiveGovernment of the United States,including the military and naval

authority thereof, will recognize andmaintain the freedom of suchpersons, and will do no act or actsto repress such persons, or any ofthem, in any efforts they may makefor their actual freedom.


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Since the rebelling

states were notunder UnionControl, no slavesactually gained

freedom on January1st, 1863. Still theEmancipationProclamation

changed thecharacter of the war.
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/sections/emancipation_proclamation.html


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-In the South, Lincoln's proclamation was seen as afiend's act that destroyed expensive property.

-The proclamation won the sympathy of Europeans,especially workers. As a result, it became less likely thatBritain or any other European country would come to theaid of the South.

-The Emancipation Proclamationwould not free slaves in the four loyalslave states.

- Nor would slaves be freed inConfederate lands that had alreadybeen captured by the Union, such asthe city of New Orleans.

What does this mean to all African American people?

PART III Af i A i i th W


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-At the start of the war AfricanAmericans were forbidden to fight

in the war as soldiers.

-In 1862 Congress repealed this lawand allowed free and escapedAfricans to fight in the war.

-Thousands of African Americansfought for the Union Army.

Nearly 40,000 AfricanAmericans lost their lives inthe war.

PART III: African Americans in the War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Civil_War_Museum


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-Many black regiments were commanded by white officers.

-Massachusetts was one of the first states to issue an all-blackregiment. They were called the 54th Massachusetts Regiment.

- The 54th Massachusetts was commanded by Colonel Robert Shaw.

Robert Gould Shaw

The 54th Regiment wasknown as the bravest

of the brave.

-In 1863, at Fort Wagoner nearCharleston, South Carolina, the54th Regiment forced their wayinto combat with the South.Colonel Shaw and most of thesoldiers from the 54th were killed.The courage of the 54th Regiment

won the respect of other AfricanAmerican Soldiers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Regimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Regiment


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Battle of Fort Wagner: 54th Massachusetts


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54th Massachusetts Regiment: Took charge at Fort Wagner:

With the thud of hot lead into human flesh, and the screams of the

dying, brought home the terrible reality of what lay before them. With aflourish of his sword, Shaw led his black soldiers into the vortex. Withmen falling on all sides, the 54th surged over the sharpened woodenstakes that ringed the fort and through the water-filled ditch. In some

places, shelling had filled the moat with sand, while elsewhere the waterwas knee- to-waist-deep. Many of the soldiers fell wounded beforegaining the ramparts, but Shaw kept his feet, clambering up the sandyslope with a knot of determined survivors. As he crested the flamingparapet, Shawwaved his sword, shouted Forward, 54th! and then

pitched headlong into the sand with three fatal wounds.


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Despite the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans stillworked in the South as slaves on plantations. However, many slavesslowed down their work or refused to work at all. In this way, theyhoped to weaken the South's war effort.


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The Civil War caused manyhardships for American families.

-Many farmers lost their livestockto moving troops.-Many people lost family membersfrom the battles of the war.-New advances in deadly weapons

were invented during the Civil War.

Hardships of the War

-Cone-shaped bullets made riflestwice as accurate; replacing themusket balls.

-New cannons could hit targetsmiles away. As a result 1/4 ormore of the soldiers becamecasualties. (A casualty is a soldierthat is killed or seriously

wounded.)
http://ehistory.osu.edu/uscw/features/medicine/cwsurgeon/


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-Soldiers that were sick,

wounded, or capturedfaced medical horrors.

- Medical care was

crude. Surgeonsroutinely cut off injuredlegs of wounded men.

-Prison camps had

terrible conditions. OneUnion prisoner out ofevery three died fromstarvation or disease.

MEDICAL CARE DURING THE CIVIL WAR


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Some Northerners opposed using force to keep the South in theUnion. Supporters of the war called these people Copperheads,

after a poisonous snake. Other Northerners supported the war,but opposed the way Lincoln was conducting it..

Opposition to War in the North

-Congress passed a Draft Law in1863. It required all able-bodiedmales between the ages of 20

and 45 to serve in the military ifthey were called.-Under the law, a man couldavoid the draft by paying thegovernment $300 or by hiringsomeone to serve in his place.-This angered many people, whobegan to see the Civil War as "arich man's war and a poor man'sfight. This led to riots in the

streets.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperheads_(politics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_drafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_drafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperheads_(politics)


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President Lincoln moved tostop the riots and other"disloyal practices." Severaltimes, he suspended habeascorpus ,the right to be chargedor have a hearing before being

jailed.

Lincoln argued that theConstitution allowed him to

deny people their rights "whenin the cases of rebellion orinvasion, the public safety mayrequire it."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus


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In the Confederate states,Jefferson Davis hadtrouble creating a strong

centralized government.-Southerners resistedpaying taxes to theConfederate government

-The Confederategovernment did not havemuch money.

Jefferson Davis

Troubles for the Confederacy-War Boosts the Economy Up North


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-The North needed money to pay for the war, so Congress passed thefirst income tax law which required all workers to pay part of theirwages to the federal government. This helped boost the Northerneconomy.

-The North still needed more money to pay for the war, so theyprinted up more paper money. This flood of money caused inflationor a rise in prices caused by an increase in the money in circulationin the country. What is inflation?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax


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-.As the money supply increased, eachdollar was worth less. In response,businesses charged more for their

goods.-The North was experiencing inflation, arise in prices and a decrease in the valueof money.

-During the war, prices for goods nearlydoubled in the North.

-The wartime demand for clothing, shoes, guns, andother goods helped many Northern industries.

- Some manufacturers made fortunes by profiteering.Profiteers charged excessive prices for goods that thegovernment desperately needed for the war.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_profiteeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_profiteering


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-Many women took an interest in the war effort.

-Women on both sides worked as nurses. Rememberthat Dorothea Dix helped reform prisons and mental

hospitals.

Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

-Clara Barton earned fame as a Civil War nurse andfounder of the American Red Cross.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Dix


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-As the war raged on people began to

realize that the Union Army commandedby Grant was going to win the war.

-The Confederates surprised the Northby winning battles on December 1862 inFredericksburg and May 1863 inChancellorsville.

The War Ends


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-General Grant would

not give up the fight.-Grant came up with aplan that would win thewar.-Grants army tookcontrol of NewOrleans, Memphis andthe Mississippi River.-Grant tried to take

over Vicksburg byattacking the town

from the rear.

The Fall of Vicksburg


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-In 1863 in the Battle of Vicksburg in Mississippi, Union forcesattacked Vicksburg after an attack on Jackson, Mississippi.

-General Ulysses S. Grant achieved two major military goals of the

war (remember the original ANACONDA PLAN?).-First, the Union's naval blockage had cut off the South's tradewith Europe.

-Second, the Union had taken control of the Mississippi River,splitting the Confederacy into two parts. It was a major victory forthe Union army.

-After six weeks Grants army laysiege to Vicksburg.

-The war started to turn forGeneral Grant and his army. (Asiege is a military encirclementof an enemy position andblocking it and bombarding it inorder to force a surrender. )

In June 30 1863 after the Battle of Gettysburg General Lee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege


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- In June 30, 1863 after the Battle of Gettysburg. General Leeordered Confederate General Pickett to charge General George C.Meade and the Union Army through an open field at CemeteryRidge, Pennsylvania.

Picketts Field.

General George Pickett

General George C.Meade

The War had finally reached its turningpoint with the Battle of Gettysburg.

Who was winning?

-It was the final Confederate attack after the Battle ofGettysburg. This battle became known as PickettsCharge. General Lee thought this move would destroythe Union Army instead rows and rows of Confederatesoldiers were killed!

- General Lee would never again invade the North.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickett%27s_Chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickett%27s_Chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickett%27s_Chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:George_G._Meade_Standing.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/GeorgePickett.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickett%27s_Chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Meade


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-At the end of the Battle of Gettysburg, more that 50,000soldiers were dead or wounded.-On November 19, 1863 President Lincoln gave a speech

at a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery for the soldiersthat died in battle.-This speech became known as the Gettysburg Address.It became one of the most important speeches in

American History.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Address


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This speech was short and it became one of the most famous speechesin history. What was President Lincoln trying to say in his GettysburgAddress?

-In his Gettysburg Address, Lincoln said:

We here are highly resolve that these dead shall not die in vain-that thisnation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of

the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

In his speech Lincoln said the Civil War was a test of whether a democraticnation could survive.

G l Willi T h
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Addresshttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Address


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- General William TecumsehSherman was sent to capture anddestroy Atlanta.

- In 1864 Sherman captured Atlantaand destroyed everything useful tothe South.

- Grant sent General

Philip Sheridan to destroyVirginia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Philip_Sheridan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan


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- In 1864, Lincoln becomes re-elected for a second term.- General.

-General Lee's army was shrinking.-Sherman takes Atlanta for the Union-Many soldiers ran away and did not fight.-Grant fights Lees army in Richmond, Virginia.-General Grant beats Lee and his Army.

Lee then surrendered to the Grant in a Virginian towncalled Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. The warwas finished.

The Civil War Ends

The war is over


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The war is over.General Grant said:

"The war is over, the rebels areour countrymen again.

As a result of the war:

-- More than 360,000 Unionsoldiers died.

-- 250,000 Confederate soldiers lost their lives.

What did Grant say in his

statement?


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April 9, 1865: GRANTS TERMS OF SURRENDER FORLEE AT APPOMATTAX:

-Confederate soldiers could go home if they promisedto fight no longer

-Soldiers could take with them their own horses and

mules, which they would need for spring plowing.

-Officers could keep their swords and weapons.

-Grant also ordered food to be sent to Lees half-starved men.


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50Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to

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