Civil defense & Knots

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Cultural week

Grade 9 Project

Diego Cástano

Angel Intria

goMr. BrownMr. VinuezaMr. Homer

A figure-e ight loopA is used in

climbing and caving where rope strains are light to moderate and for decorative purposes.

The double figure eight is used to put a loop in the end of a rope, or around an object.

The Double Overhand Knot Is a popular and easy-to-tie

knot used to tie two ropes together for rappelling. It has less bulk than other rappel knots like the double figure-8 fisherman’s knot so it is less likely to get stuck in cracks when you pull your rappel ropes.

Never use this knot with ropes of different diameters since at least one fatal accident has occurred when the thinner rope worked out of the knot.

The Double Figure-8 Fisherman’s KnotIs one of the best

knots to use to tie to ropes together for top-roping and rappelling. It’s a very strong knot and, if properly tied, won’t come undone.

It’s also a good knot to use if you are tying ropes of unequal diameters together.

The Double Fisherman’s Knot Is the traditional knot to tie two

ropes together for rappelling but has generally fallen out of favor for other knots like the double figure-8 fisherman’s knot. It can be difficult to check visually and is often difficult to untie after being weighted, particularly if the ropes are wet.

This knot is best used for tying thin pieces of accessory cord like Spectra together for anchors or slinging nuts like Eccentrics.

CivilDefense

Diego Cástano9 Tabor

Science Fair2010-2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense

Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to prepare non-combatants for military attack

It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation, and recovery.

Programs of this sort were initially discussed at least as early as the 1920s but only became widespread after the threat of nuclear weapons was realized.

Since the end of the Cold War, the focus of civil defense has largely shifted from military attack to emergencies and disasters in general

The new concept is described by a number of terms, each of which has its own specific shade of meaning, such as crisis management, emergency management, emergency preparedness, contingency planning, emergency services, and civil protection.

In some countries, the all-encompassing nature of civil defense is denoted by the term "total defense" such as the Swedish word totalförsvar. The name suggests committing all resources, hence the term total, of the nation to the defense.