civics chapter 9- local government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Local GovernmentLocal GovernmentSection 1:Section 1: Units of Local GovernmentUnits of Local Government

Section 2:Section 2: Town, Township, and Village GovernmentsTown, Township, and Village Governments

Section 3:Section 3: City GovernmentCity Government

Section 4:Section 4: How Governments Work TogetherHow Governments Work Together



The Main IdeaLocal governments have grown as the country has grown.

As Americans settled in rural communities, towns, cities, and suburbs, they set up local governments.

Reading Focus How are local governments established, and why are

they needed? How is county government organized, and what are the

main purposes of each level of county government? How do local and state governments work together?

Section 1:Section 1: Units of Local GovernmentUnits of Local Government



Local governmentsLocal governments Are established by and given powers from the state Are established by and given powers from the state

governments.governments. Define their powers, responsibilities, and organization Define their powers, responsibilities, and organization

by by chartercharter from the state. from the state. Provide services for citizens.Provide services for citizens. Maintain roads, running water, sewage systems, Maintain roads, running water, sewage systems,

sidewalks, street cleaning, and trash collection.sidewalks, street cleaning, and trash collection. Supervise privately owned electric and transportation Supervise privately owned electric and transportation

systems.systems.




The county system of government in The county system of government in the United States:the United States:

Borrowed from England, began in the Borrowed from England, began in the southern agricultural statessouthern agricultural states

Scattered population gathered at the county Scattered population gathered at the county seat to discuss issues.seat to discuss issues.




Organization and purpose of county government:Organization and purpose of county government:

County board is elected by voters and forms the County board is elected by voters and forms the legislative body.legislative body.

The county board supervises elections; enforces state The county board supervises elections; enforces state laws; collects taxes; and provides health and welfare laws; collects taxes; and provides health and welfare services, libraries, roads, and schools.services, libraries, roads, and schools.

County officials include sheriff and deputies, county County officials include sheriff and deputies, county clerk, treasurer, auditor, and district attorney. clerk, treasurer, auditor, and district attorney.

Some counties have elected a county manager and a Some counties have elected a county manager and a county executive.county executive.




SECTION 1

How Local Governments Are

Established

Why Local Governments Are

Needed

State governments establish local governments and grant them powers.

They provide and manage services to the community.

Question: How are local governments established, and why are they needed?



The Main IdeaAlthough counties are the largest unit of local government, they share the job of governing with

other units of local government.

Reading Focus Where did town government begin, and what is the

purpose of the town meeting? Why did townships and special districts develop, and

how does each function? Why are villages and boroughs created, and how do

they operate??

Section 2: Town, Township, and Village GovernmentsSection 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments



Town GovernmentsTown Governments Town governments began in the New England colonies.Town governments began in the New England colonies. Today, selectmen and selectwomen are elected to Today, selectmen and selectwomen are elected to

manage the town’s affairs.manage the town’s affairs. Officials discuss the town business and a vote is taken on Officials discuss the town business and a vote is taken on

each item.each item. Population growth has inhibited direct democracy.Population growth has inhibited direct democracy. Higher populations require more local services.Higher populations require more local services. Town managers and representative town meetings have Town managers and representative town meetings have

developed.developed.




Townships Townships

First type: developed in the Middle Atlantic First type: developed in the Middle Atlantic states; maintained roads and schools and states; maintained roads and schools and assisted the poorassisted the poor

Second type: divisions of land in the Second type: divisions of land in the Midwestern states that were developed by Midwestern states that were developed by Congress in 1785 as part of a surveying systemCongress in 1785 as part of a surveying system




Special DistrictsSpecial Districts

Developed to serve special needs of an areaDeveloped to serve special needs of an area The most numerous form of local governmentThe most numerous form of local government Operated by a commissionOperated by a commission




Villages and BoroughsVillages and Boroughs

Created when populations grow and need to Created when populations grow and need to organizeorganize

SelfSelf--governing municipalitiesgoverning municipalities Collect taxes and provide local servicesCollect taxes and provide local services Governed by a council with an executive Governed by a council with an executive

(mayor)(mayor)




SECTION 2

Where Town Government Began

How It Has Changed

New England colonies

Citizens used to be able to vote on issues directly, now representatives vote on issues.

Question: Where did town government begin, and how has it changed?



The Main Idea

A city is usually larger than a town or village. In many cities a large population is crowded into a relatively small area, which creates many challenges for city

government.

Reading Focus How are city governments organized under the

home-rule system? What are the different forms of city government?




Cities Cities

Are larger than other local governments.Are larger than other local governments. Often have large populations crowded into a Often have large populations crowded into a

small area.small area. Must deal with education, health, safety, Must deal with education, health, safety,

transportation, sanitation, water supply, and transportation, sanitation, water supply, and fire and police protection.fire and police protection.




City GovernmentsCity Governments

Established by and receive charters from state Established by and receive charters from state legislatureslegislatures

Some cities have been granted Some cities have been granted home rulehome rule and and can write their own charters.can write their own charters.

Home rule cities manage their own affairs.Home rule cities manage their own affairs. Some states limit the independence of their Some states limit the independence of their

cities’ governments.cities’ governments.




Different types of city governments Different types of city governments and their functions:and their functions:

MayorMayor--Council GovernmentCouncil Government——Mayor Mayor prepares the budget, proposes laws, and prepares the budget, proposes laws, and appoints officials; city council passes laws appoints officials; city council passes laws and approves the mayor’s appointments; cities and approves the mayor’s appointments; cities have weakhave weak--mayor plans and strongmayor plans and strong--mayor mayor plans.plans.




Different types of city governments Different types of city governments and their functions: and their functions: (continued)(continued)

Commission GovernmentCommission Government——Board of Board of commissioners passes laws and carries out the commissioners passes laws and carries out the functions of government.functions of government.

Council-Manager GovernmentCouncil-Manager Government——City council City council passes laws and appoints the city manager, who passes laws and appoints the city manager, who proposes laws and appoints department heads.proposes laws and appoints department heads.




Question: How are city governments established?

SECTION 3

How City Governments Are Established

charter granted by

state government

the state gives the city permission to write its

own charter under home rule



The Main IdeaYou live under three levels of government—local, state,

and federal. Without cooperation among these levels, everyday life would not run smoothly.

Reading Focus How do the different levels of government work

together? How do governments cooperate to meet people’s

needs? In what ways are different levels of government in

competition?




Division of powers among levels of Division of powers among levels of government:government: Local, state, and federal governments have clearly Local, state, and federal governments have clearly

defined powers.defined powers. Each level of government has the power needed to Each level of government has the power needed to

do its job.do its job. All levels of government obey the U.S. Constitution.All levels of government obey the U.S. Constitution. The federal system keeps the powers of each level The federal system keeps the powers of each level

clearly defined.clearly defined.




The federal government is involved in The federal government is involved in building roads.building roads. Roads were originally local projects.Roads were originally local projects. As the country grew, Congress voted to federally fund As the country grew, Congress voted to federally fund

roads connecting the east to the west.roads connecting the east to the west. Late 1800sLate 1800s——state funds first used to manage local roadsstate funds first used to manage local roads Interstate highway system is a joint effort of state and Interstate highway system is a joint effort of state and

federal governments.federal governments. Good roads contribute to the safety and wellGood roads contribute to the safety and well--being of all being of all

citizens.citizens.




Government functions requiring the cooperation Government functions requiring the cooperation of different levels of government:of different levels of government:

Public educationPublic education——funds and services from the state; funds and services from the state; schools controlled by local boards; special funds from the schools controlled by local boards; special funds from the federal governmentfederal government

Federal Bureau of Investigation and the local and state Federal Bureau of Investigation and the local and state policepolice——work together and share state crime laboratorieswork together and share state crime laboratories

Stores and businessesStores and businesses——state licensing boards ensure state licensing boards ensure quality local services; quality local services; grantsgrants--inin--aidaid and and block grantsblock grants given given to state and local governments from federal governmentto state and local governments from federal government




SECTION 4

The United States expanded.

Highways were needed to connect the East and the

West.

The automobile necessitated a complex

system of national highways.

The federal government

became involved in the planning,

building, and maintenance of

the highway system to

facilitate the movement of

people and goods.

Question: Why did the federal government become involved in the building of roads?

civics chapter 9- local government

Education

county county officials

county board

county seat

county clerk

purpose of county government

state governments

level of county government

county scattered population