city making - houston gathering frewen2013
DESCRIPTION
Given at the University of Houston Futures Gathering April 2013 on City Making.TRANSCRIPT
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Dr Cindy Frewen, FAIA [email protected]
@urbanverse
Great Urban DividesHouston Futures Spring Gathering13 April 2013
What if the world’s population of 7 billion lived in one large city, how large would that city be if it were as dense as….
A typology of place identities
EcotopiaNature
ConservePlanet first
Environmental
UtopiaCommunity
Shared All together, love
Social
Hi TechProgress, BAS
Competition, winningEfficient, convenient
Techonomics
FortressSeparation
Tribal, barriersFear, avoidance
Politics
CINDY FREWEN 2013
San Luis Obispo, CA 1970s
Some cities are happier, is there a Happiness Divide?
San Luis ObispoHappiest City in America
San Luis Obispo No commutes, beautiful places so people accept lower income to live there.
China
India
Brazil U.S.
Denmark
World Values Survey, Inglehart & Welzel www.worldvaluessurvey.org
Think about identity first, it’s in the place, buildings, and stories
MUMBAI Collectivism
High Power Distance
Long-term Orientation
LOS ANGELES Individualism
Egalitarian
Short-term Orientation
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
LOS ANGELES, where homeless find the most public spaces because they’d be thrown off private property. Individual rules, short term solutions.
INDIVIDUALISM
EGALITARIAN
SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION
MUMBAI INDIA, where people build a community but lack sanitation infrastructure. Community rules, long term orientation.
COLLECTIVISM
HIGH POWER DISTANCE
MUMBAI LOS ANGELES
HOFSTEDE CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Institutional public housing filled
with hate, crime. Individualism
Egalitarian
Short-term Orientation
Strong communities, terrible
infrastructure Collectivism
High Power Distance
Long-term Orientation
litany2m in slums; illegal immigrants; high
crime/gangs
systemsFear of deportation; low wages; property
rights, taxes, utility/rent payments
worldviewIndividuals fault vs. deserve better =
disenfranchised
myth/metaphorHollywood, bright lights, opportunity =
Temporary visitors, better future
HOLLYWOOD BOLLYWOOD
litany6m in slums; rural migrants; high
unemployment; desperate poverty and sanitation; safe
systemsFarms ruined; families strong; building
community thru collective industry
worldviewBest they can do; future better through
education
myth/metaphorGateway and “goddess of water” =
continuity; connected to place & people
Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
Tate Modern
Growth Gap Too many people, not enough city
Shrink GapToo much city, not enough people
Howzer cc flickr
Tate Modern
Largest cities over time from Europe to Asia, to Europe, to North Am, to Asia
• 100 AD ROME 450,000
• 1000 CORDOVA SPAIN 450,000• 1500 BEIJING 675,000• 1800 BEIJING 1,100,000• 1900 LONDON 6,500,000 • 1950 NEW YORK CITY 12,500,000
• 2000 TOKYO 26,400,000• 2050 NEW DELHI 45,000,000
Or MUMBAI
Modern cities are a phenomena of just the last 100 years.
1950 2013 21002050
20 billonWOW!!!
And may be peaking in the next few decades.
Reuters
+2 billion by 2050
Most rapid urbanization is behind us.showing 1950 – 2007 - 2030
WORLD29-49-60
AFRICA15-37-51
ASIA17-41-54
EUROPE51-72-78
LATIN AM42-76-84
NORTH AM64-79-87
51 54
78 84 87
UN Population Division
Shanghai 1990
Shanghai today
What a Modern Ghost Town looks likeCreating Construction,Transplanting CultureOrdos China
More people than cityRio de Janeiro
Tate Modern
Equality Gap
Some places have larger gaps between richest and poorest
Gini Coefficient describes income inequality; 0 = all have equal income; 1 = one person has all the income.
No income for many people, creates slums.Addis Ethiopia
When populations peak, so do cities. And probablynot at the same time. That’s Peak Urban.
You are
here
Nigeria
U.S.
India
China
2010 21002050 2010 2050 2100
1.7B
1.3B
UN
Po
p D
ivis
ion
CINDY FREWEN 2012
Peak Urban happens when there’s more place than people. More city than people.
Tate Modern
Vision and Leadership
Is there also an Innovation Gap?
Or can cities be improved by design?
Curitiba Brazil
Some cities find new life after decades of problems.
It’s many things, walkable streets, public transit solutions, more parks, bike paths, embracing sustainable design solutions. People coming together to create a city.
Tech DifferencesAs technology increases, some cities will adopt rapidly and others won’t, creating a larger difference between cities.
Heads Up display wearable lenses
Digital Cities, For design futures,Simulating ideas
Layar –
on android cell
phone
Junaio
In the Sentient City, technology overlays every surface.
Sensors connect people into the, Internet of Things
With Big Urban Data, we will map every thing about a city, energy, walkable zones, crime, parties, ….
While other places will find low Tech Innovation, like these recycled bottle solar lights.
Sometimes an idea comes along like One Laptop Per Child. Here’s the company’s image.
Here’s One Laptop per Child in reality.
Arcosanti AZ, Paolo SoleriFlickr cc alterscape feb 2013
Thank you!
Dr Cindy Frewen, FAIA [email protected]@urbanverse