citizen response to a violent intruder l i c · citizen response to a violent intruder a lert l...
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Citizen Response to a Violent Intruder
Alert Lockdown Inform Counter Evacuate
“Anywhere, Anytime, Any reason”
Are they prepared for when Today is not like Yesterday?...
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www.AliceTraining.com
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ALICE History
3
Greg Crane Lisa Crane
• Founded 2001• Law Enforcement• School Admin
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Active Shooter Defined
• active shooter noun \ˈak-tiv\ \ˈshü-tər\
“is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined space or other populated area. In most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims”
- US Department of Homeland Security
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Increased Frequency
“In the last four years, there has been a nearly 150% increase in the number of people shot and killed in connection with active shooter incidents.”
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- US Attorney General Eric Holder 10/21/2013
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K-12 & Universities
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•COLUMBINE High School
• SANDY HOOK Elementary
•VIRGINIA TECH University
•CHARDON High School
It CAN happen anywhere . . . .
K-12 Schools
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Gov’t Agencies
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•Washington Naval Yard
• Fort Hood
•Gabby Giffords
• “Going Postal”
It CAN happen anywhere . . . .
Government Agencies
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Work & Shop
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•Aurora Theater Theater (Aurora, CO)
•Clackamas Mall (Happy Valley, OR)
It CAN happen anywhere . . . .
Work/Shop
•Hartford Distributors (Manchester, CT)
•Accent Signage (Minneapolis, MN)
• EMCORE Corp (ALBUQUERQUE, NM)
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Date: 4/20/1999
Injured: 24
Deceased: 13
Duration: 49 minutes
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Columbine High School
The Speed of Violence
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Virginia Tech
Date: 4/16/2007
Injured: 25
Deceased: 32
Duration: 11 minutes
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Sandy Hook Elementary
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Sandy Hook
Date: 12/14/2012
Injured: 2
Deceased: 26
Duration: 5 minutes
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Chardon High School
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Chardon HS
Date: 2/27/2012
Injured: 3
Deceased: 3
Duration: <1 min
Frank Hall
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Gabby Giffords
Date: 1/8/2011
Injured: 13
Deceased: 6
Duration: <2 min
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Century 16 Movie Theater
Date: 7/20/2012
Injured: 58
Deceased: 12
Duration: <5 min
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Hartford Beer Dist.
Date: 8/3/2010
Injured: 2
Deceased: 8
Duration: <7 min
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Fort Hood
Date: 11/5/2009
Injured: 31
Deceased: 13
Duration: 10 minutes
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Accent Sign
Date: 9/27/2012
Injured: 3
Deceased: 6
Duration: <6 minutes
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Business40%
School29%
Outdoors19%
Others12%
Location of Attacks (2000-2010)
Business
School
Outdoors
Others
J. Pete Blair and M. Hunter Martaindale, “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010” (San Marcos, TX) Texas State University, 2013.
Businessis the most frequent location.
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Why is Citizen Preparation Necessary?
25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a national average for the response time of Law Enforcement to an Active Killer scene.
How long:
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Why is Citizen Preparation Necessary?
25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a national average for the average arrivalresponse time of Law Enforcement to an Active Killer scene.
How long:
5-6 Minutes
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Benefit for Active Shooter
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Aggressor is in Control
Occupants give up Control
Occupants Movements Restricted
Aggressor can move Freely
-VS-
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The Reality of Lockdown
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Assumeseveryone is in same amount of danger
Safety depends on the
shooters inability to
get through a door.
Overrides Flight/Fight instinct
Police must Rescue before shooter enters room
Does not work if
aggressor is in room
Incorrectly trains Freeze at worst possible time
Starting Point while assessing options
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Can a Single Strategy Fail???
ALICE is based on the premise that:
• information,• authorization,• empowerment,• and training,
related to Survival Options,
are the key to surviving an Active Shooter event.
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We Have Three NATURAL Responses
Fight: Counter Strategies
Flight: Evacuate
Freeze: Lockdown (Secure-in-Place)
How should they rank?
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Why did they STAY?
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Why did they STAY?
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The Lesson from Virginia Tech:
Room 210No Class
Room 206 - 14 PresentKilled – 10Wounded -2
Hallway – Killed 1
Offices Room 211 – 19 PresentKilled – 12Wounded - 6
Room 204 – 19 PresentKilled – 2Wounded - 3
Room 200 No Class
Room 207 – 13 PresentKilled – 5Wounded - 6
Room 205 –12 PresentKilled – 0Wounded – 0
JUMPED &
BARRICADED
BARRICADED AFTER 1ST TIME
BARRICADED
STAYED DOWN
STAYED DOWN
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A.L.I.C.E.Common Sense, just not Common Knowledge
AlertLockdownInformCounterEvacuate
ALICE is NOT a linear, progressive response.
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Alert Information is the key to good decisions
Information should flow in all directions
Provide as much initial intel as possible to as
many people as possible
Use any and all available means: Texts, PA, Digital
Signage, Web, Twitter, Facebook, BELS, etc.
May be your sensory inputs
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ALERT needs to be of benefit to all…Provide info, don’t issue commands.
Change this…
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ALERT needs to be of benefit to all…Provide info, don’t issue commands.
To THIS!
How else will visitors know?
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Lockdown Excellent starting point
When should doors be locked?
Before, During, or After?
Locked doors provide a time barrier. Locks can, and have been defeated.
BARRICADE: The idea is to create a stronghold that nobody can breach… BE A HARDER TARGET!
Once Lockdown is in effect no one should be allowed into a secure room under any circumstances. Only open your locked door for uniformed police personnel.
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Which is a more effective barricade for a door opening out?
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What training does:
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Inform As real-time information as possible will be
provided by all means possible.
Use this information to make single or collective decisions as to the best option for survival.
Be flexible because the situation will be dynamic and fluid
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Counter Is it possible to interrupt the skill set needed to shoot
accurately?
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CounterINTERRUPT THE OODA LOOP!
You can survive contact with an armed intruder!!
Police miss 70-80% of their shots in dynamic
events.
The “bad guy” is not usually a highly skilled shooter.
Engage in acts that will require very high skill level:
Noise
Movement
Distance
Distractions
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Survival Tactics:
Skills beyond lockdown that should be provided:
Barricading, Cover and Concealment
Evade/Escape
SWARM
Removing and Securing the Weapon
Contact with Law Enforcement
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Evacuate Only 2% of Violent Intruder events
have been by more than one person.
If he is inside, you get outside.
Cannot use car to evacuate
Reunification points established
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Why should “they” act?
Source: NYPD, Active Shooter, Recommendations and
Analysis for Risk Mitigation. 2011
If it is going to take an
aggressive act to stop the
killing, who do we hope
is committing this act
first?
Citizens and Police
Shooter
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Research courtesy of Bill Barchers, www. hardtactics.com
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DHS Recommendations
• October 2008
• Known as the 3-Outs
Program
• Get Out
• Hide Out
• Take Out
Support for Proactive Response
Strategies and Options
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IACP Recommendations
• October 2009
• Do not have a one-size fits
all plan.
• Teachers choose to Evacuate
or Lockdown
• Authorize decisions to be
made
• Active Resistance is an
option
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NYPD Recommendations
Jan 2012, 2013
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AL Gov and Homeland Security
• February 2013
• Specifically names ALICE
and Run, Hide, Fight as an
official State
recommendations for AS
response plans.
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Ohio Attorney General and Safety
Task ForceRecommendations
• June 2013
• Lockdown does not mean
stand-alone defensive strategy
of Securing in Place
• Evacuate, Barricading,
Counter
• For Staff and Students
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US Dept of EdREMS
Recommendations
• June 2013
• Has to be the end of
LOCKDOWN only as the
response plan for schools.
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Questions?Thank you and Stay Safe!
For more information or
host requests:
330-661-0106
www.ALICEtraining.com