Citing Your Sources

•"Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require authors to identify the sources of direct quotations and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked."

•Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, p. 594

When do we cite sources?

•when you quote or base your ideas on another person's work

•Even when you do not quote directly from another work, if reading that source contributed to the ideas presented in your paper

Why cite sources?

PLAGIARISM

How do you cite sources?Citations within your text link specific passages to the sources you consulted or quoted.

How do you choose a style?

•Ask your instructor which style sheet he or she wishes you to use and if there are other special formatting instructions you should follow.

Referencing/Citation StylesAbbreviation

Full Name

ACS American Chemical Society

AGLC Australian Guide to Legal Citation

AGPS/AGIMO

Australian Government Publishing Service/Australian Government Information Management Office

AMA American Medical Association

APA American Psychological Assocation

Chicago Chicago Manual of Style

CSE (CBE) Council of Science Editors/Council of Biology Editors

Harvard

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

MLA Modern Language Association of America

Vancouver

ALC (Australian Guide to Legal Citation)

• standard Australian guide for referencing in Law

• footnote style • includes detailed provisions for

referencing statutes, case reports and other legal materials.

ACS (American Chemical Society)

• widely used in chemistry and related disciplines

• gives instructions for numbered referencing and also for in-text (Harvard style) referencing

AGPS/AGIMO

• standard Australian style manual• widely used by Australian

publishers• contains provisions for

numbered reference lists and footnote referencing

AMA (American Medical Association)

•widely used in medicine, especially in journals published by the American Medical Association

PA (American Psychological Association)

•standard style used in Psychology, but it is also widely used in other disciplines, especially in the Social Sciences

•one of the many variants of the Harvard style.

Chicago Manual of Style

•the most widely consulted of all style manuals

•includes provisions for footnote referencing and author-date referencing

•widely used in the arts and humanities.

CSE (Council of Science Editors)

• widely used in the life sciences• Its provisions are applicable to other

scientific disciplines also.• The CSE manual recommends a

numbered referencing system, where the reference list is arranged alphabetically by author and numbered accordingly.

Harvard

• generic term for any style which contains author-date references in the text of the document, such as (Smith 1999).

• There will also be a list of references at the end of the document, arranged by authors' names and year of publication.

• There is no official manual of the Harvard style: it is just a generic term for the many styles which follow that format.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers)•The IEEE is the major

professional body and publisher in the fields of electrical engineering and computer science.

•It uses a numbered reference list.

MLA (Modern Language Association of America)

• widely used in the fields of modern literature and linguistics.

• uses Harvard-style references in the text of the document, but without the year of publication

• The MLA style is published in two different publications: – MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly

Publishing – MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers

Vancouver

• generic term for a style of referencing widely used in the health sciences, using a numbered reference list– There is no official manual of the

Vancouver style, but the US National Library of Medicine's style guide is now considered the most authoritative manual on this type of referencingTaken from www.uq.edu.au

- jms2013