Citing sourcesCiting sourcesusing the APA methodusing the APA method

Citing sourcesCiting sources

• Why?Why?– to acknowledge someone else’s work (it’s free!)to acknowledge someone else’s work (it’s free!)– to allow readers to verify what you sayto allow readers to verify what you say– to avoid plagiarism (to avoid plagiarism (U of O policy on plagiarism))

• How to use the APA methodHow to use the APA method– brief mention of the source in the textbrief mention of the source in the text– bibliography (works cited) at the end of the bibliography (works cited) at the end of the

paperpaper

““Plagiarism is taking another person’s Plagiarism is taking another person’s words, ideas or statistics and passing words, ideas or statistics and passing them off as your own. The complete or them off as your own. The complete or partial translation of a text written by partial translation of a text written by someone else also constitutes someone else also constitutes plagiarism if you do not acknowledge plagiarism if you do not acknowledge your source”, University of Ottawa, “your source”, University of Ottawa, “Beware of Plagiarism!”.”.

Brief mention in the textBrief mention in the text

Includes, in parentheses, Includes, in parentheses, – author’s last nameauthor’s last name– year of publicationyear of publication– page numberpage number

Ex.:Ex.:According to critics of the government, this policy makes little sense because many people fall on hard times and it is impossible for them to find work in their field (Robinson, 2013, p. 12 ). Others further argue that this amounts to a coercion of unemployed workers, etc. etc. (Campbell, 2012, p. 103).

No last name?No last name?Use the corporate Use the corporate author’s name (the author’s name (the organization)organization)

Bibliography entriesBibliography entries

• Mentions all sources alphabetically by last name

• Mention all publication details for each source

• No bullets, numbers or whatever

• Different types of source, different format– news article– book written by one or more person– chapter in a book edited by one or more persons– academic journal article– website

Mentions by typeMentions by type

Last name, First name initial (year, month day) Article title. Newspaper Name. p. xyz.

Last name, First name initial (year). Book title. City: Publisher.

Last name, First name initial (year). Chapter title. In First Name initial Last name (Ed. or Eds.), Book title. City: Publisher.

Last name, First name initial (year). Article title. Journal title, vol#(issue#), p#-p#.

Last name, First name (year). Title of webpage. Retrieved on Month Date, Year from http://whatever.

News articleNews article

BookBook

Chapter in Chapter in edited bookedited book

Academic journal Academic journal articles & news articles & news magazine articlesmagazine articles

WebsiteWebsite

Just the #, not the “p”Just the #, not the “p”