Citing Sources for SuccessNational History Day 2013

Agenda

How to Cite Sources? What Should be Cited? Quoting Paraphrasing Parentheses Running Acknowledgement

When to Cite

http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com/academy/how-to-cite-sources-and-avoid-plagiarism/when-to-cite/

What should be cited?

Primary Sources– Numbers– Historical Data– Case Studies– Information beyond a”

reasonable person”– Direct quotes– Interview

Secondary Sources– Historical Data– Interpretations– Conclusions– Direct quotes

What should not be cited?

Personal Thoughts Your Observations Common Knowledge– Reader should already know?– Easy to locate in a general

reference source Universal Facts

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/

Quoting

Original source is perfect for impact Recognizing an authority Anticipating a counter argument from a

source Rewording would change the meaning of the

source

Purpose

Example

…

According McVey (2012), “runners should avoid striking the ground with the heel of the foot while running.”

Paraphrasing

Citing the author’s ideas, not words Captures the author’s meaning No more than 3 exact words from the source (except for proper nouns)

Example

…

To avoid unnecessary stress on the body, runners should land on mid-foot, not on the heal (McVey, 2012)

Purpose

Parentheses (Author, Year)–End of the Sentence–Ex. Integrating the clicker system into instruction

as a post assessment will improve student performance, on average, by 25% (Grafton, 2012).

Multiple Authors–2 authors (McVey & Phillips, 2012)–3 to 5 authors (McVey, Phillips & Grafton, 2012) (McVey et al., 2012)–Multiple sources (McVey, 2010; Phillips, 2012)

Running Acknowledgement

Integrate the author’s name followed by the (year) into a sentence

Examples–According to McVey (2012)…–McVey (2012) argues…–McVey (2012) suggests…–Phillips and McVey (2010) illustrate that…–As noted by Phillips (2010),