citing, referencing and avoiding plagiarism
TRANSCRIPT
Referencing and Citation: Skills and Resources
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Catie TuttleSubject Librarian (Cass Business School) [email protected]
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Plagiarism: what is it?University Definition:“Plagiarism is passing off the ideas or words of someone else as though they were your own. It applies equally to the work of other students as to published sources.”
City University London (2015) Understanding Academic Misconduct: Key Terms. Available at: http://www.city.ac.uk/about/education/lead/resources/studywell/understanding-academic-misconduct/key-terms (Accessed: 14 September 2015).
“Submitting, as one's own, an assignment that another person has completed.Downloading information, text, artwork, graphics or other material from the internet and presenting it as one's own without acknowledgment.Quoting or paraphrasing material from a source without acknowledgment.”Using other people’s ideas without acknowledgement.
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Academic Misconduct• Not tolerated: University Regulations say that
all identified cases of suspected misconduct will be actively pursued.
• Penalties range from issuing a warning to student exclusion from University.
• Not just directly copying other peoples’ work: other forms of plagiarism…
City University London (2015) Understanding Academic Misconduct: Key Terms. Available at: http://www.city.ac.uk/about/education/lead/resources/studywell/understanding-academic-misconduct/key-terms (Accessed: 14 September 2015).
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Plagiarism includes:
• Copy and pasting from the internet or others’ work
• Concealing sources• Collusion• Self-plagiarism: using your own work again• Misunderstanding “Common Knowledge”
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Copy and pasting• Don’t! You will get caught.
• Your work is passed through special software that WILL catch you, regardless of where you copied from.
• You can quote from others’ work, though: always use quotation marks and acknowledge where you found it:
It has been said that “Management is an interesting area to study” (Smith, 2010, p. 25).• Use the information to DO something, don’t rely
heavily on quotes.
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Concealing sources• Pretending you had an idea yourself, when you really
found it in your research and reading.• Often unintentional, but still counts as Academic
Misconduct.• Be very careful when you take notes so you always
know which was your idea and which was the author’s.
• Always cite and acknowledge ideas from other people• If you use if more than once in an essay, cite each time:
even if it’s the next paragraph.
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Collusion• Taking credit from other students’ work• Working out the answers to homework questions
together • Watch out for group work! Always acknowledge other
students’ ideas and contributions. Work individually on your assignments.
• It is NOT chatting with other students, then going away and doing the work on your own.
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Self-plagiarism includes:• Re-submitting your assignments
• Re-using work that you’ve already carried out
• Re-using the same paragraph in two pieces of work.
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Common Knowledge
• If a fact is common knowledge, you do not need to cite.
• If it is not “common knowledge”, always cite.
• Not sure? Ask your tutor for advice, or find a source; it is better to cite.
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How do I avoid accusations of plagiarism?• Take clear notes• Quote: if you use someone else’s words, put them in
quotation marks (“…”) and acknowledge them properly• Paraphrase: give your own understanding of the idea
and acknowledge them properly.• Cite and reference correctly: This is how your
acknowledge other people properly!
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Further tips…
• Consult with your tutors and supervisors if you’re in doubt
• Start your work early so you have time to cite and reference properly
• Make sure your conclusions are always your ownthoughts, based on the work of the research you’ve done
• Read through your work carefully: is it clear where you’ve used other people’s work? Are your own ideas obvious?
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Avoiding Plagiarism: Resources• Cass Student Handbook p.13 for full information
• Watch our Library Shorts Film: Basics of Referencing
• StudyWell: Online guidance, quizzes and case studies to help you learn
• If in doubt, reference it! Use Cite Them Right Online
• You can also check with your supervisor or ask a librarian if you’re unsure what to do
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Why put citations and references in your work?
• We cite all ideas, quotes, data, opinions, etc. that are not our own by telling the reader where it came from.
• Careful referencing protects you from accidental plagiarism• Reference as you go along in your notes and your work so
you can always trace ideas back.
• Good referencing makes your work more scholarly: • Shows your wide range of reading and sources• Shows good awareness of academic norms & standards• Helps back up your arguments with work of other scholars• Can show how hard you worked!
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How do I find the information I need to make a reference?
• Front pages of books and CityLibrary Search
• First page, header and footer, or last page of journal articles
• Copy and paste pre-made references from most databases:• Yes, you can copy and
paste, just this once!• Check it carefully:
the computer is not as clever as you.
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How do I cite and reference?
• Keep not of what information you used from which source.
• Cass uses: Harvard (or Author/Date)
• Use Cite Them Right as a basis
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Citing and referencing - Harvard
• To cite within the text, put the author’s surname and year of publication in brackets after a sentence:
One study has shown that huffing and puffing will blow straw
houses down (Grimm, 1971).
• Make a Reference List of these citations at the end of your work. This list should be in alphabetical order by author.
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What does it look like?
Citations in the text of an article, essay or report:
A list of references, in alphabetical order.
Ten Bos, R. (2002) ‘Machiavelli’s Kitchen', Organization, 9(1), pp. 51-70. doi: 10.1177/135050840291003
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What does it look like? • You can see good referencing habits whenever
you look at a journal article. Example of a Harvard Style reference:
In text:To cite it, put in your quote or mention its ideas, then put the author’s name and the date in brackets (Leavy, 2015, p. 25).
Reference list:Leavy, A. (2015) ‘Continuous innovation: unleashing and harnessing the creative energies of a willing and able community’, Strategy & Leadership, 45(5), pp. 24—31. doi: 10.1108/SL-06-2015-0051.
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What does it look like?
When there is no author:In text:Bitcoin use is gaining popularity in corporations located in countries with rapidly changing economies due to its relative stability compared to other currencies (How virtual currency Bitcoin in gaining ground in India, 2015).
Reference List:How virtual currency Bitcoin in gaining ground in India. (2015) Available at: http://0-search.proquest.com.wam.city.ac.uk/docview/1708024173/fulltext?accountid=14510 (Accessed: 26 October 2015).
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Reference List - Harvard
• Alphabetical order by author or editor’s surname• Include the year of publication after the name• Do not abbreviate the titles of journals• Pay attention to rules for punctuation and italicisation (this varies depending on the
source type)• For example…
Reference ListGane, N. (2012) Max Weber and contemporary capitalism. Hampstead: Palgrave Macmillan.How virtual currency Bitcoin in gaining ground in India. (2015) Available at: http://0-search.proquest.com.wam.city.ac.uk/docview/1708024173/fulltext?accountid=14510 (Accessed: 26 October 2015).Leavy, A. (2015) ‘Continuous innovation: unleashing and harnessing the creative energies of a willing and able community’, Strategy & Leadership, 45(5), pp. 24—31. doi: 10.1108/SL-06-2015-0051.
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Further points• Secondary referencing is where other works are cited
within a work.
• Where possible, if you want to cite something cited in another source, try to find the original.
• If not…Smith (1997, cited in Brown, 2000) found that…
• Please see the Cite Them Right Page on Setting out Citations for more information.
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Further points (continued)• In edited works, cite the chapter author, not the editor of
the whole work• Corporate authors – use the full name in the first citation
and an abbreviation thereafter:
First time: (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), 2015)
Other times: (ICAEW, 2015)
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Remember…• Cass uses the Harvard Style • This means use the author-date format for citations (Tuttle, 2015).Three Vital Things to Remember:
1. Be Clear: your aim is to help your reader find the same thing you read.
2. Be Consistent: pick one style and use it all the way through your project – Cite Them Right Online will help you with this.
3. Credit all the ideas you’ve used in your work, not just direct quotes: demonstrates the hard work you’ve done and protects you from accidental plagiarism.
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Referencing and Citation HelpCite Them Right OnlineBrilliant guide to Harvard Referencing, best place to find layouts, help, advice.
Books in the library:• Neville, C. (2010) The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism, 2nd ed.
Maidenhead: Open University Press.• Pear, R., Shields, G. (2013) Cite Them Right: the Essential Referencing Guide, 9th ed.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Subject Guide Citing and Referencing Tab:• http://libguides.city.ac.uk/business/referencing
Tools to help:• Citation software: RefWorks, Mendeley. More complex but helpful for storing/reusing
references. Contact the library for the RefWorks code. Mendeley is free. • Word has built-in functions as well.
Any Questions?
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Help In Person: • Library desks on the 2nd and 5th Floor, and at Cass• Contact Catie: [email protected] or 020 7040 4151• Enquiries phone number: +44 (0) 207 040 8191
Help Online:• Library Website: www.city.ac.uk/library/ • Subject Guide: http://
libguides.city.ac.uk/cassbusinessschool