cite is-right-2012-13-slideshare
TRANSCRIPT
Citing & Referencing
WHAT?
WHY?
WHEN?
HOW?
http://isguides.hw.ac.uk/powerhours
WHAT ?
Citing & referencing explained3 PARTS
• STATEMENT – e.g. idea, finding, conclusion taken from a source
• CITATION – in the body of your text – indicates idea taken from a source (i.e. that not your own idea)– abbreviated form– refers reader to reference list
• REFERENCE – full details of source used– end of your text (usually)– allows reader to find source / verify what you say, if necessary
Statements
Citations in body of text (in-text citation) abbreviated pointers to full reference
Allow reader to:
• know when you are stating an idea, fact or text that is not your own
• find full details of the source in your reference list
Reference end of text full bibliographic details
Allows reader to :• see breadth & depth of reading• locate sources • verify if necessary
What is a citation style?Hundreds of different styles
Author/date (e.g. Harvard)
(Handelman and Levin, 2008)
Handelman, G. J. and Levin, N. W. (2008) ‘Iron and anemia in human biology: a reviewof mechanisms’, Heart Failure Reviews, 13(4), 393-404.
Numeric (e.g. Vancouver)
(1) [1]
1. Handelman G J, Levin NW. Iron and anemia in human biology: a review of mechanisms. Heart Failure Reviews 2008;13(4):393-404.
Journal specific e.g. British Medical Journal
1
1. Handelman GJ, Levin NW. Iron and anemia in human biology: a review of mechanisms. Heart Failure Reviews 2008;13(4):393-404.
Check with your lecturer / tutor which style to use.
If using Endnote/EndnoteWeb – recommend Harvard HWU
Use one style consistently throughout paper . D
Numeric style
Referencing explained
Reference list / bibliography
Terms often used interchangeably - a list of what you’ve read at the end of a piece of work
Reference listFull details of all documents cited (mentioned) in the text
BibliographyFull details of all documents cited (mentioned) in the text and/or Full details of other (background) reading - not cited
usually for larger pieces of work
Check with your School on terminology and what is required
WHY ?
Avoiding Plagiarism
Words/ideas, etc = intellectual propertyTheft = penalties
Using someone else’s work, words or ideas and passing them off as your own e.g. from -
• published material e.g. book• unpublished e.g. dissertation / thesis • semi-published / grey literature – e.g. company reports• material from a web page• radio / tv programmes
• cutting & pasting / quoting / paraphrasing
Detection: vocabulary, style & fluency, Turnitin
HWU Student Guide to Plagiarismhttp://www.hw.ac.uk/registry/resources/PlagiarismGuide.pdf
The pancreas produces insulin in response to an increase in blood glucose.
The pancreas creates insulin a result of heightened blood glucose.
Elevated blood glucose causes the pancreas to release insulin.
Photo in here
Jenkins, R. (2008) ‘TV psychiatrist Raj Persaud suspended for plagiarism. Raj Persaud brought profession into disrepute’ The Times, 21 June TimesOnline [Online]. Available at: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article4179597.ece (Accessed: 14 October 2008)
Found guilty of plagiarism
Copying the work of other authors in a book and articles
“Chunks of prose, apparently written by Dr Persaud, were the work of other authors.” (Jenkins, 2008)
“He failed to attribute the so-called ‘stolen words’” (Jenkins, 2008)
General Medical Council hearing-
plagiarism dishonest
brought profession into disrepute
suspended from practising medicine for 3 months
Photo of Dr Raj Persaud
Paterson, T. (2011) ‘German minister renounces PhD after accusations of plagiarism. ‘ ’ The Independnet 23 Feb The Independent [Online]. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/german-minister-renounces-phd-after-accusations-of-plagiarism-2222828.html (Accessed: 27 July 2011)
German Defence Minister
Plagiarism scandal over copy-and-past methods in PhD thesis
Copied entire sections from other sources, without attribution.
Admitted accidental “mistakes”
82.44% plagiarised - 891 examples of plagiarism from over 120 different sources (Guttenplag wiki)
University of Bayreuth withdrew his doctorate
Announced his resignation (March 2011)
Photo of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Academic writingRead widely - proportionate to assignment - appropriate sources Show your reading - evaluate and discuss other authors’ ideas - show your understanding of the literature - attribute your sources
Evaluate / formulate your own response / conclusion
Use work of others to support your own opinions I believe that genetically modified yeasts will play a major role in the continuing advancement of brewing technology.
Studies by Linko (2009) and Young (2010) illustrate the technical advantages of genetically modified yeasts . Their significance has also been noted by Jones (2008).
Add weight to your discussion
Potential for better academic writing & dissertation
Hear an academic’s opinion
Photo in here
WHEN ?
QUIZ
Quiz at: Paul Robeson Library (n.d.) How to avoid plagiarism: An online tutorial [Online]. Available at:http://library.camden.rutgers.edu/EducationalModule/Plagiarism/ (Accessed: 26 September, 2011)
When to cite
Using someone else’s work, words or ideas from e.g.
• published material e.g. book• unpublished e.g. dissertation / thesis• material from a web page
Text• quoting • paraphrasing
Statistics • if not your owne.g. In 2006, 20% of people in the UK lived below the poverty line.
Tables, graphs, diagrams, images•unless you created these yourself
Radio, TV programmes, etc
When not to cite
Your own opinions / ideas / thoughts / conclusions e.g.
I believe that television can play a positive role in children’s education. Baker (2006) presents convincing evidence that children’s recall is greater
for visually presented facts and these findings have been supported by Morton (2007).
It could be argued that television is a key contributor to children’s learning.
Jones (2006), for example, suggests that children absorb information more efficiently when presented in audio-visual form.
However . . . . . do cite to back up your opinions . . .
When not to cite
Common knowledge e.g. David Cameron is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
However, each subject will have its own common knowledge e.g. Mitochondria are found in cells If in doubt – ask your tutor
Don’t cite if you don’t need to! Try not to pepper your work with unnecessary citations in an effort to get extra marks.
Never cite something you haven’t read.
HOW ?
Keep a note!• To cite and reference correctly you need the bibliographic details
of sources used
e.g.books Author surname, Initial/s
Publication date / year
Title
Place of publication
Publisher
Page number/s information taken from
• Different sources require different details
e.g. websites author
date
title
URL
date accessed
Book
In-textWooldridge(2006) indicates that…. It has been shown by Wooldridge that… (1)
Reference list / bibliographyWooldridge, J.M. (2006) Introductory econometrics: a modern approach. 3rd ed.,Mason: Thomson South Western. (author date)
1. Wooldridge, J.M. Introductory econometrics: a modern approach. 3rd ed. Mason: Thomson South Western; 2006. (numeric)
• Wooldridge, J.M.• 2006• Introductory econometrics: a modern approach• 3rd edition• Mason• Thomson South Western
• Author surname/s, first name/s or initial/s• Year of publication• Title of the book
• Edition• Place of publication• Name of publisher• Page number/s information taken from
Journal Article
In-textPalombo (2009) gave a useful summary…Palombo (1) gave a useful summary…
Reference list / bibliography
Palombo, V.J. (2009) ‘Designing marketing channels for global expansion’, The Marketing Management Journal, 19 (2), 64-71. (Author date)
1. Palombo,V.J. Designing marketing channels for global expansion. The Marketing Management Journal 2009; 19(2): 64-71. (Numeric)
• Palombo, V.J.• 2009• Designing marketing channels for global expansion• Marketing Management Journal• 19• 2• 64-71
• Author surname/s, first name/s or initial/s• Year of publication• Title of the article
• Title of the journal• Volume number• Issue /part number• Page numbers• Page number/s information taken from
e-journal Article• Bezemer, D.J.• 2010• Understanding financial crisis through accounting models
• Accounting, Organizations and Society• 35• 7• 676-688
If a PDF
• Author surname/s, first name/s or initial/s• Year of publication• Title of the article
• Title of the journal• Volume number• Issue /part number• Page numbers
Bezemer, D. J. (2010) 'Understanding financial crisis through accounting models', Accounting, Organisation and Society, 35(7), 676-688.
Author, date
Bezemer (2010) gave a useful summary…
Numeric
Bezemer (1)
1. Bezemer,D.J. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. Accounting, Organizations and Society 2010; 35 (7): 676-688.
e-journal Article
• Bezemer, D.J.• 2010• Understanding financial crisis through accounting models
• Accounting, Organizations and Society• 35• 7• 676-688• Science Direct
• www.science direct.com
• 10 September 2012
Using e-journal collection name/URL
• Author surname/s, first name/s or initial/s• Year of publication• Title of the article
• Title of the journal• Volume number• Issue /part number• Page numbers• Name of online collection and URL of collection • Date accessed
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002
e-journal ArticleAUTHOR, DATE STYLE
In-text
Bezemer (2010) gives a useful summary . . .
Reference list / bibliography
Bezemer, D. J. (2010) 'Understanding financial crisis through accounting models', Accounting,
Organisation and Society, 35(7), 676-688, available: http://www.sciencedirect.com [accessed
10 September 2012].
NUMERIC STYLE
In-text
Bezemer(1) gives a useful summary…
Reference list / bibliography
Bezember,D.J. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. Accounting, Organizations and Society [internet]. 2010 [cited 2012 Sept 10]; 35 (7): 676-688. Available from:http://www.sciencedirect.com.
e-journal Article
• Bezemer, D.J.• 2010• Understanding financial crisis through accounting models
• Accounting, Organizations and Society• 35• 7• 676-688
• 10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002• http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002
• 10 September 2012
Using a DOI
• Author surname/s, first name/s or initial/s• Year of publication• Title of the article
• Title of the journal• Volume number• Issue /part number• Page numbers
• DOI could use with resolver prefix http://dx.doi.org/
• Date accessed
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002
e-journal Article
AUTHOR, DATE STYLE
In-text
Bezemer (2010) gave a useful summary…
Reference list / bibliography
Bezember,D.J. (2010) ‘Understanding financial crisis through accounting models’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35 (7), 676-688, DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002[accessed: 10 September 2012].
Bezemer, D. J. (2010) 'Understanding financial crisis through accounting models', Accounting, Organisation
and Society, 35(7), 676-688, available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002 [accessed 10 September,
2012].
e-journal Article
NUMERIC STYLE
In-text
Bezemer (1) gave a useful summary…
Reference list / bibliography
1. Bezember,D.J. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. Accounting, Organizations and Society [internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Oct 10]; 35 (7): 676-688. Available from:doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002 .
OR
1. Bezember,D.J. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. Accounting, Organizations and Society [internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Oct 10]; 35 (7): 676-688. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002.
Secondary Referencing
Secondary ReferencingReferring to a piece of work you read about in another source (when you havenot read the original work)
Reference list / bibliographyOnly list Palombo (2009) - the source you actually read
In text citationPalombo (2009) cites the work of Keller and Kotler (2006) who suggest that expansion into foreign markets is generally not a preferred option for organisations with a strongdomestic customer base.
Palombo (2009, citing Keller and Kotler 2006) notes that expansion into foreign markets is generally not a preferred option for organisations with a strong domestic customer base.
As suggested by Keller and Kotler (2006), expansion into foreign . . . . (cited in Palombo, 2009)
Keller and Kotler (2006, cited by Palombo 2009) suggest that expansion into foreign …
It has been suggested that expansion into foreign. . . (Keller and Kotler 2006, in Palombo 2009)
TIPS & TOOLS
Common mistakesIncorrect• For example, in author-date• putting author initials in the citations
– e.g. It has been argued that . . . (D. Smith, 2009)
• Not inverting the author’s surname/initial/s in reference list– D. Smith (2009)
Incomplete• Citing in text and leaving out of reference list (& vice versa)• Insufficient detail in references
Inconsistent• Date in citation doesn’t correspond with date in references• Mix of formatting e.g. journal in italics or bold
(Smith, 2009)
Smith, D. (2009)
Note Taking
• Be systematic and thorough
• Note down all the (bibliographic) details you need to cite & reference correctly e.g. remember . . . . .
• author initials as well as surnames• chapter title and author if an edited book• page number you get quotes / information from• date you accessed websites / electronic materials
• Make sure you can tie your notes to your source
Web-based, online access
Access from home or halls
‘Lite’ version - most suitable for undergraduate students
Library provides help and advice
Desk-top – computer lab PCs
Can’t access from home or halls
Most suitable for research (PhD) level students and staff
IT provide training
Register :www.hw.ac.uk/is
http://isguides.hw.ac.uk/content.php?pid=344850&sid=2962429
courses
http://isguides.hw.ac.uk/content.php?pid=344850&sid=2962427
clinics
Further information
Citing & referencing
Cite them right: the essential referencing guide Richard Pears & Graham Shields (810.61 PEA) 3 hour & 1 week loan
Library Harvard Citing & Referencing http://www.hw.ac.uk/is/Harvardguide.pdf
Enquiries: [email protected]
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Further information
Workbook / slides http://isguides.hw.ac.uk/powerhours
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