Using and Citing Sources

Effectively

Extensive guide to in-text citations and

references

MCAST 2013 – 2014

Ms N. Pisani

Definitions

Citation

Reference

Reference List

Bibliography

Discuss these

definitions with a

partner

Ms N Pisani

Answer Key:

Ms N Pisani

Citing vs. Referencing. What‟s

the difference?

(a) (Bird, 2001)

(b) Bird, J. (2001). Engineering science

(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Ms N Pisani

Citing vs. Referencing.

What’s the difference?

Citing

When you refer to

another author's work in

your work you must cite

your source by providing

the last name of the

author and the year of

publication.

Referencing

At the end of your work,

under the

heading References,

write a full description of

each source you have

cited, listing them in

alphabetical order by

the first author's last

name.

(Bird, 2001)

Ms N Pisani

You are… I need a

citation

I DON’T need a

citation

• Quoting directly from another source

• Using “common knowledge” -

shared information in your field of

study

• Reprinting diagrams, illustrations,

charts, pictures, videos, music

• Writing up your own experimental

results

• Mentioning a fact that is commonly

known

• Using an image from a website

• Paraphrasing a text

• Including some statistics that your

lecturer has given you in a lecture

Ms N Pisani

You are… I need a

citation

I DON’T need a

citation

• Quoting directly from another source

• Using “common knowledge” -

shared information in your field of

study

• Reprinting diagrams, illustrations,

charts, pictures, videos, music

• Writing up your own experimental

results

• Mentioning a fact that is commonly

known

• Using an image from a website

• Paraphrasing a text

• Including some statistics that your

lecturer has given you in a lecture

Ms N Pisani

What is „Common Knowledge‟

The same information un-cited in at least five

other sources

Information that your readers will already

know

Information a person could easily find with

general reference sources (encyclopedia)

General information NOT quoted directly

Source: http://www.english.vt.edu/~IDLE/plagiarism/plagiarism2.html

Ms N Pisani

Citing Photos

Figure 1: Wind Turbines

(Evwind.com)

This should

be in italics

Always label your diagrams or sketches accordingly!

Ms N Pisani

.

Figure 2: Linux-powered Robot

(vps.net)

Examples: Books

Kotkin, S. (1991). Steeltown USSR.

Berkeley: University of California Press.

Worldwatch Institute. (2001). State of

the world (2nd ed.). New York: W.W.

Norton.

Surname and

Name (in initials)

City

Publishing

Press

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Publishing

Year Name

of book

For books in a later

edition, insert here.

Put this reference in the

correct order (APA)

All about engineering.

Moller,

(2001).

R.

Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Ms N Pisani

Answer Key:

Moller, R. (2001). All about engineering.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ms N Pisani

References: Answer Key

1. Agrawal, B. K. (1989). Introduction to

engineering materials. New Delhi: Tata

McGrawHill.

2. Bolton, W. (2003). Mechatronics: Electronic

control systems in mechanical and electrical

engineering (3rd ed.). Harlow: Prentice Hall.

3. Beltz, W. (1994). Handbook of mechanical

engineering. London: Springer-Verlag.

Ms N Pisani

Over to you…

Ms N Pisani

Answer Key: Sample Reference List Bezzina, J. (2005). Methodology (2nd ed.). Gozo: A+M Printing.

Ibbotson, M. (2008). Cambridge English for engineering. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Ibbotson, M. (2009). Professional English in use. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

John, L. C. (2006). Writing excellence. Canada: Thomson-Delmar

Learning.

Nayler, G. H. F. (1996). Dictionary for mechanical engineering (4th ed.).

Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Silyn-Roberts, H. (2000). Writing for science and engineering: Papers,

presentations and reports. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. (2013). Academic writing for graduate

students: Essential tasks and skills (2nd ed.). USA: Michigan Press.

Swetnam, D. (2004). Writing your dissertation (3rd ed.). UK: Cromwell

Press Ltd.

Young, T. M. (2005). Technical writing A-Z: A commonsense guide to

engineering reports and theses. British English ed. New York: ASME.

Common Questions

How do I cite a work with no author and

no date?

Use the first few words from the title, then

the abbreviation n.d. (for ‘no date’).

Do I include personal communications

(like emails,private interviews, etc.)?

Only in the citation not the reference list.

Ms N Pisani

Citing from Websites

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Author Last Name, Author First

Name (Initial). (Year, Month & Date

Published). Article title. Website title.

Retrieved Month, Date, Year, from

<URL>

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Author Last Name, Author First Name (Initial).

(Year, Month & Date Published). Article

title. Website title. Retrieved Month & Date, Year,

from <URL>

Ms N Pisani

Citing „How power drills work‟ http://home.howstuffworks.com/power-drills.html

Author

Ms N Pisani

Publishing

year of article

(we have the

complete

citation here)

Ms N Pisani

Pumphrey, C. (2010, February 22). How

power drills work. HowStuffWorks.com.

Retrieved January 25, 2014, from

< http://home.howstuffworks.com/power-

drills.htm>

Ms N Pisani

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1590609851/lil-mule-professional-time-lapse-and-video-

camera

Ms N Pisani

CITATION

Herndon, W. (2013, February 1). Lil-mule

professional time lapse and video camera dolly.

Kickstarter.com.

Retrieved January 7, 2014, from:

<http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/15906098

51/lil-mule-professional-time-lapse-and-video-

camera>

Ms N Pisani

Ms N Pisani

Title of article ->

Carbon fibre 3D printer is

‘world’s first’

Publishing date

of article ->

29 January 2014

Author:

Laura Hopperton

Hopperton, L. (2014, January 29). Carbon

fibre 3D printer is „world‟s first‟.

Engineering Materials.com. Retrieved

January 29, 2014, from

<http://www.materialsforengineering.co.uk

/engineering-materials-news/carbon-fibre-

3d-printer-is-worlds-first/59170/>

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Ms N Pisani

Date:

12 December 2013

Author:

Engineering

Materials

Engineering Materials. (2013, December

12). The challenges of getting greener

materials into industry. Engineering

Materials.com. Retrieved January 29,

2014, from

<http://www.materialsforengineering.co.uk/engi

neering-materials-features/the-challenges-of-

getting-greener-materials-into-

industrys/58363/> Ms N Pisani

Ms N Pisani

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CITATION

Manfrotto. (2005). Manfrotto. Retrieved

November 20, 2013, from:

<http://www.manfrotto.com/>

Ms N Pisani

Engineering Materials

http://www.materialsforengineering.co.u

k/

Ms N Pisani

Example References

Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2003). The psychology of criminal conduct (3rd

ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing.

Blackburn, R. (1993). The psychology of criminal conduct: Theory, research

and practice. Chichester: Wiley.

Bonta, J., Law, M., & Hanson, K. (1998). The prediction of criminal and

violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: A meta-

analysis.Psychological Bulletin, 123, 123-142.

Polaschek, D. L. L., & Reynolds, N. (2004). Assessment and treatment:

Violent offenders. In C. R. Hollin (Ed.), The essential handbook of offender

assessment and treatment (pp. 201-218). Chichester: Wiley.

Webster, C. D., & Bailes, G. (2004). Assessing violence risk. In C. R. Hollin

(Ed.), The essential handbook of offender assessment and treatment (pp. 1-

13). Chichester: Wiley. Ms N Pisani

Sources

Purdue University Online Writing Lab website, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html

“Graduate Honor System,” Graduate Honor System website, Virginia Tech, http://ghs.grads.vt.edu/student/avoiding.html

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, “Style Guide,” Nonproliferation Review, http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/pdfs/guidelines.pdf

Bunn, Matthew and Anthony Wier, “Controlling Nuclear Warheads and Materials: A Report Card and Action Plan” (Washington, D.C.: Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Project on Managing the Atom, Harvard University, March 2003) pp. 8-12.

Shelly G. Roseman, Library Liaison to History, Political Science, Education, English (Stamford Campus) website, University of Connecticut, http://www.lib.uconn.edu/~sroseman/SRliaison.html

Ms N Pisani

Contact Me

If you have any questions regarding

referencing or citations, feel free to

email me on:

nikita.becky.pisani@mcast.edu.mt

Ms N Pisani