CIT Force Options

CIT Force Options• This course is designed as an Advanced CIT Class and

suggested for those who have attended the 40 hour CIT training.• This 8 hour course is designed to provide training to Law

Enforcement Professionals to safely use appropriate Force Options when dealing with someone in Mental Crisis. • Force Options to include isolate and contain, avoid

engaging, de-escalation tactics, physical control tactics, less lethal and deadly force.• Class is designed as a mixture of classroom and hands-on

training

CIT Force Options- Objectives• Learn what types of Mental Illness situations

are most dangerous to Law Enforcement Officers• Develop Communication and De-escalation

Tactics to help diffuse Mental Crisis situations.• Develop Force Options and Restraint Tactics to

safely respond to those in Mental Crisis• Develop Tactics to safely respond to Suicidal,

Suicide by Cop or Assassination/Ambush Situations

Training Equipment• King County CIT Program uses Mock Force Options

Equipment during all Mock Scenes –Why?• With out Mock Weapons you’ll never know what

Officers would really do on the street• Officers know it’s VERBAL ONLY during the Mock

Scenes without them• Was proper Patrol Tactics used during scenarios

Examples: Slowing Down, Contact/Cover• Can Officers combine Verbal Tactics with Physical

Tactics• Partners can draw concealed non-lethal items

(cellphone) making them decide on Force Option • Able to correct students during training if Force

Option is not appropriate

Training Equipment

• SIRT Training Pistol• Laser Based Training Pistol• Can tell when finger is on trigger• Can tell when trigger is pulled and if target is hit• No need for safety equipment so you can see emotions,

expressions and body language

Training X-26 Taser – Inert Laser Pointer

Can tell when trigger been pulled

Can tell how long the trigger is pulled

Can tell where it’s pointed

Training Equipment

L.A.S.R.: Laser Activated Shot Reporter – Software $99

• Allows you to time students in specific drills• Allows you to show where they hit on target• Can diagnose them after they’ve shot• Allows you to train in realistic positions• Seated• Ground• Vehicle• While moving• One handed while moving

Assassinations/AmbushesThe FBI study showed ambush situations were the Biggest Category of circumstance behind 543 officers feloniously killed between 2002 to 2011: 23.2%

What is your objective for using force?

• Defensive Force - Subject reasonably perceived as an immediate threat of harm• Capture Force - Subject fleeing from (serious

physical harm) crime and officer Is justified in tackling subject on the current surface• Restraint Force - Force to facilitate restraint

(including turtling)• Compliance Force - Force to gain volitional

compliance to commands• Distraction Force – To facilitate restraint of

cognitively impaired person

AXIS I and AXIS II Changing with DSM-5

40 hour CIT Class General covers AXIS –I

AXIS I – Psychiatric Disorder – Diagnosis

Examples: Depression

Schizophrenia

Social Phobias

Bi-Polar Can have more than one disorder

Medication can help

Force Options 8 hour Primarily AXIS II

AXIS II – Personality Disorder and DD

Examples: DD Autism

Personality Antisocial

Paranoid

Borderline (Axis I in DSM-5)

Medication doesn’t generally help !

Lakewood Statistics• Clemmon’s Glock

• Round #1 Tina Back of Head• Round #2 Mark Head• Glock Jams/Misfired

• Clemmon’s Revolver probably had both out• Round #1 Ronnie Neck

• Greg’s Glock• Round #1 Clemmons Torso

• Clemmon’s Revolver• Rounds # 2-6 Missed Hit interior walls

• Greg’s Taser in it’s holster is torn from Greg’s belt• Clemmons disarms Greg of his Glock

• Round #2 Greg Head

Lakewood Statistics• Law Enforcement’s Hit Rate• 100% 1 for 1• All wore Body Armor

• Clemmon’s Hit Rate• 55% 5 out of 9• No Body Armor

• Why did he win!You could not hire hit man to try and to assassinate four armed officersClemmons hard core Psychopath with delusions

First gun grab attempt 16 yoa in court

Survival = Getting Head Out of Way

• Deputy Steve Cox was last King County Deputy killed by gun fire. Homicide suspect drew from concealment and shot Steve in the head – Shot through his finger as he tried to deflect or grab the gun – Hit Steve in the Face, killing him.

• Video

Psychopath

1-3% of the population Commit a disproportionate amount of serious and violent crime

40% of Prison Population

Overwhelming Force and Respect

Cryptic Consequences

Law Enforcement Training Scars

• Suspect’s Primary Target Head and Neck Area

• Law Enforcement Training Scars• FBI Study – Handgun rounds to torso WILL NOT reliably incapacitate subject

• Officers are taught to shoot at center mass• Learn to lock in shooting stance (Not moving

head) Goes against natural instinct to move

Law Enforcement Training Scars• No Environmental Shooting Positions• Seated – in Vehicle, Ground, Under Table or Low-Light• At close ranges (less than 3 feet) with and without

close non- shoot target(s)• Little movement and all shooting at same

time/direction• Decision to shoot had been made for them in most

cases on range• Little or NO Pre-Attack (Physical or Firearm) training• Non Realistic CQB Shooting Position – Rock and Lock• Most officers are disarmed while drawing

• Most are only given limited “RBT”-Reality Based Training Scenarios – 2-3 scenes a year

Force Options Covered

• Seated 360 Degree Shooting in Classroom• Flinch Draw – Moving head off line while drawing• Taser to Handgun Transition – Handgun to Taser• G-WRAPS Weapon Retention• Stop Kick• Back Fall to Head Avoidance on ground• Arm Drag Entry – Hand Fighting• WRAPS – Takedown Position to Control Position• Rear Weapon Retention• Foot Sweep and Foot Trap Takedown• Standing Control Cuffing• Team Tactics – Team Control and Restraining

With permission from: Major Sam Cochran, RetiredUniversity of Memphis cscchran@memphis.edu

De-Escalation Training

Sam’s 4 Plays(1) Introduce Yourself ….Hi, I’m Sgt Gulla

(2) Obtain the Person’s Name … “What’s your name ?

(3) Expressing to the person what you are seeing .What do you see ? Use the I word – “I can see you’re angry”

(4) Summarize … to be an “active listener” you should “summarize”Communicating with the person in crisis Summarize the information that you have learned/obtained

Team Tactics Training

Police ResponseAvoid Engaging

When possible, If the individual presents no immediate danger to himself, herself, or others, avoid engaging the person

Isolate and Contain

Do not invade personal space

Do not touch without permission or stand too close

Speak slowly and quietly using simple concrete language

*Be prepared if above does not work and ready to move to other options

Caution When Using Taser in Deadly Force Situation

Video of 30 Second Taser Hit

Sheboygan Incident Video

Video

Violence and Mental Illness/Substance Abuse

• Rankings of Violence

•Alcohol•Drugs• TBI•Anti-Social Personality• Schizophrenia •Depression

When Mental Illness is combined with Substance Abuse, it increases the likely hood of violence by 500%

Emotions to Violence•Fear – *One of greatest danger to Police - On both sides•Anger•Honor/Respect•Revenge•Control•Shame•Paranoid

Predictor’s of Violence

Best predictor of Violence

is Past History of Violence

Suicide by COP

• Video of SBC man shooting gun

Suicide by CopDemographic and Historical Indicators

Reported suicidal communications (87%)

On psychiatric medications (42%)

Mental health diagnosis (62%)

Under psychological care (30%)

Past suicidal ideation (86%)

Prior suicide attempt (39%)

Mood disorder (48%) (of those with known or suspected issues)

Incident Indicators Shoots at police (48%) those who had guns

Behavioral threats to harm others (98%)

Harms civilians (49%)

Verbal threats to harm others (70%)

Under influence of alcohol (24%)

Psychotic (21%)

Suicidal communication during the incident (61%) (of these, 79% mention SBC specifically)

Suicide by CopPolice Indicators Less lethal force initially deployed (39%) More rounds fired if deadly force used

This study continues a long line of empirical evidence that sets straight the widely held, but false belief, that there is a negative correlation between suicidal risk and homicidal risk. In fact, the opposite appears to be true: a suicidal individual poses a greater risk of homicide or at least violence toward others, than a non-suicidal individual.Law enforcement apprehension of an armed, suicidal individual requires a high degree of vigilance for the safety of all civilians and officers at the scene of the incident.

Responding to Threats of Suicide •To increase Officer Safety and gain Intel:

• #1 Call subject via phone prior to contact• Connect prior to Directing – Make Connection• Method of Suicide – Weapons• What type ? Handgun vs Scoped Rifle

• Military Veteran ? Training and Weapons• Listen to demeanor and emotions• Others in house/vehicle with them• Threats of Suicide allows you to “Ping”

cellphones to find their location

Threat of Suicide by COP• Contact with Suicidal Person with Weapon • Isolate and Contain if possible – Specialty Units

• SBC Subject is likely going to push the event to make police take action – BE PREPARED !

• Warnings that Lethal Force maybe used or Less Lethal if appropriate and Only if Time permits

• Remember subject doesn’t have to point a weapon at you or others to perceived as an immediate threat of harm

• Cover and Backup• One Officer talks and Cover Officer is Prepared to shoot

– 48% fire at officers

Not Hollywood – One Shot Myth – Reactionary Gap• Consider Rifle vs Handgun and Shot Placement

Allen v Muskogee:Many cases emphasize the need for enhanced decision making skills with respect to use of force decisions.

Allen v. Muskogee[viii] serves as one example. In Allen, officers responded to a call of a suicidal man. Upon their arrival at the scene they observed Mr. Allen, seated alone, in his vehicle with a gun. Within 90 seconds of their arrival, the officers rushed the car in an attempt to disarm Mr. Allen,rather than isolating and negotiating with him. When the officers rushed the car, Allen made a sudden movement toward the officers leading the officers to believe they were in danger of being shot. The officers opened fire and killed Allen.

What would you do ?

Questions

Early Warning Signs

• The most Violent Job in Washington state isn't being a police officer or a security guard. It's working as a nurse's aide

• Emergency Room Staff and Nurses Aides

•Highest number of Labor and Industry Claims (313) is Western State Hospital

King County CIT ProgramKing County is largest County in Washington StateFunded by MIDD 1 cent of 1 % Sales Tax – Mental Illness and Drug DependencyKing County CIT Training Started at the end of 2010 40 hour CIT Basic Average 12 classes per year

8 hour CIT In-Service Average 12 classes per year8 hour CIT Youth Average 2 classes per year8 hour CIT Force Options Average 4 classes per year

Over 40 King County Law Enforcement Agencies attend trainingFunding pays First Responders (Police) $55 per hour for backfill or overtime Less than 18% apply for backfill or overtime

Corrections, Communication Specialist, Fire, MHPs and Court Marshals also qualify to attend if space is avaliableCrisis Solution Center

Mobile Crisis Team MCT Responses 24/7 to LE RequestCrisis Diversion Facility 16 beds LE drop off alternative to Jail/ER Crisis Diversion Interim Services 23 beds referred from CDF Regional Mental Health Court Veterans Court

Use of Force Legal Update

Mike Brave UOF Video

Use Of Force Myths

• Force Science Video

My Contact Information

• Sgt Don Gulla – King Co CIT Coordinator• King County Sheriff’s Office• Current working at Washington State

Criminal Justice Training Center• Email Dgulla@cjtc.state.wa.us• Phone 206-423-1270• Website www.CITHappens.com