cit 1101 lec 01

Md. SOHAG SIKDERNorthern University

Bangladesh

CIT 1101Introduction to

Computers

An Overview of the Computer

SystemLecture 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVESIn this lecture you will learn about:

Computer Data Processing Applications of Computers Importance of Computers Limitations of Computers Parts of Computer System

Tuesday, May 2, 2023 4CIT 1101 (ZH)

A WORLD OF COMPUTERS Computers are everywhere

5Tuesday, May 2, 2023 CIT 1101 (ZH) 5

COMPUTERA Computer is an electronic data

processing machine that stores, retrieves and processes data. Finally generate meaningful information with speed and accuracy.

Computer is an electronic device that process data according to a set of stored instructions.


DATA / INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

Fig. Data Processing Cycle

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Processes(Data Processing)

Input(Data)

Output(Information)

Storage

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Numbers

Images

Sound

Video

Input Process Output12 + 8 = 20 000001100

000001000---------------000010100 20

001000000000000000001000000000000010010110000011000011011011111111111100111111111111111110111111111111111100011111

000001000 000001001 000010100 …

volume Time

0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011

8 9 0 5 …

0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011

0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011

0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011

0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011

Text This is a test 84 104 73 115 … This is a test

DATA

Data is the raw materials from which information is generated.

Data consists of raw facts, numbers, letters, or symbols that the computer processed into meaningful information.

Data has no specific meaning.


DATA PROCESSING

It’s a process that converts the data into information.

A general term that stands for all logical, arithmetic, and input/output operations that can be performed on data by a computer.


INFORMATION Information refers to an organized ,

meaningful, & useful interpretation of data

Information is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the receiver.


DATA VS. INFORMATION

1200 100 7

9154

WestCharles Mann

79154 TM Shoes

Monthly Sales Report for West Region

Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 79154

Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100

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STORAGE Data and information are stored/ maintained

for future use. Any type of information - words, figures, still

or moving images, sound or music - can be stored into storage devices (e.g. HDD, CD, DVD) and that can be used at any time.

Hard Disk Drive

CD / DVD DriveFlash Drive

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

CPU

Memory

Input Output

Storage

Figure: Block diagram of a Computer System.

Process


APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER Data processing and Data storing In Banking system : On line banking Internet & Webpage :Information super highway E mail E commerce and M commerce Airways and Railways Ticket Reservations Medical science In Education Multimedia system Production system Communication: Mobile communication Publishing (Books, Newspaper) Offices Data Analysis, Data Base Management Job searching / CV sending And More…


IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS High Speed: Computer can perform data

processing jobs very fast, usually measured in microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9) and picoseconds (10-

12) Automatic Operation: Computers are

automatic in operation. Once data and program are fed to a computer, operation of the computer is automatic.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 16CIT 1101 (ZH)

IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS (CONT…)

Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. Computer errors causes due to incorrect input

data or unreliable programs. The system or process of showing the faulty

results of a computer is called Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)



Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can continuously work for hours without creating any error and without grumbling

Versatility: Computer is capable of performing almost any task, if the task can be reduced to a finite series of logical stepsTuesday, May 2, 2023 18CIT 1101 (ZH)


Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so



Common data: One item of data can be used for different computer operation.

Complexity: Computers perform complex calculations. A computer provides the required answers after running the program for complex calculations.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 20CIT 1101 (ZH)

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER

Computer cannot think (no I.Q).

Computer can not do anything without human instructions.

Computers can not make any adjustment as human being can do (no feelings).


COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN & COMPUTER

Creativity,Judgment,

Intuition

Speed,Accuracy, Attention to Details,No I.Q,No feelings

Power of Remembering, Processing Capability,Versatility / Adaptability

Computer Human


COMPUTER SYSTEM Systems: A system is a collection of

elements or components that are organized for a common purpose.

A computer system consists of hardware components that have been carefully chosen so that they work well together and software components or programs that run in the computer.


PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Hardware Software Users Data / Information ProceduresCommunication (optional)

A computer system is made up of six parts:


HARDWARE

The physical devices that make up the computer are called Hardware.

The generic term device refers to any piece of hardware.

Examples: CPU, memory, disks, CD-ROM drives, printer, monitor etc.


HARDWARE EXAMPLES


INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT(SU)

GraphicsOnboard and external

Power supply

Processor—under the fan and heat sink

Keyboard, video, and other connectors

Disk drives

RAM

Expansion slots

Motherboard

IDE

SATA

SOFTWAREStep by step instructions that tells

the hardware how to perform a task.The term program refers to any

piece of software.

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System Software• Operating system – Win XP, Win 7, Win 10, LINUX• Utility program – Antivirus, Partition magic, Screen

SaverApplication Software• Web browser, Word processors, Adobe Photoshop,

Games etc.

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USERS People are the Computer operators, also

known as users or Humanware.The user is a person perhaps like

yourself – someone without much technical knowledge of computers but who uses computers to perform professional or personal tasks, enhance learning, or have fun.

No computer is totally autonomous.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 29CIT 1101 (ZH)

DATA / INFORMATION:Data is the raw materials from which

information is generated. information is summarized data or

otherwise manipulated (processed) data.


PROCEDURES:Procedures are descriptions of how

things are done, steps for accomplishing a result.

Procedures for computer systems appear in documentation manuals, which contain instructions, rules and guidelines to follow when using hardware and software.


COMMUNICATION:

When one computer system is set up to share data and information electronically with another computer system, communications becomes a sixth system element.

Examples: phone lines, microwave transmission, satellite transmission, etc.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 32CIT 1101 (ZH)

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cit 1101 lec 01

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